Sub Sub-Ter eraH aHertz wav ave ultra ra-wideband wirel eless - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sub Sub-Ter eraH aHertz wav ave ultra ra-wideband wirel eless c ess communica cations

CPMT Webinar September 11th 2013 1

Guillermo Carpintero Universidad Carlos III de Madrid www.iphos-project.eu

Why Why th the inte teres est of

• f S

Sub ub-Ter eraH aHer ertz tz wav ave Wir Wireless Comm mmunic icatio ions? CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 2

Index ex

Over erview o

• f a

a mmW mW /su sub-THz w z wirel eles ess l link Ph Photonic c En Enabled W Wireles ess T Tran ansmitter er E-ban and W Wireles ess T Transmitter ter E-band W Wirel eless R Recei eceiver er F-ban and W Wireles ess T Tran ansmitter er

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 3

Wh Why the he intere rest of

• f Sub

Sub-Ter eraHer ertz wav ave Wir Wirele less Comm

• mmuni

nication

• ns?

What ar are e sub-THz wav aves?

Terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves with frequency within the range 100 GHz to 100 THz, between infrared light and radio waves. Sub-THz waves are electromagnetic waves below 100 GHz

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 4

1995 1995 Telecommunications milestones:

• Beco

coming digital tal, bringing multimedia

• Packet

et switc tching, bringing "always on" connectivity

• Wirel

eles ess, bringing functional mobility. Functi ctional al m mobility ty has resulted ed in a REVOLUTION . . . .

Wh Why the he intere rest of

• f Sub

Sub-Ter eraHer ertz wav ave Wir Wirele less Comm

• mmuni

nication

• ns?

http://tag.microsoft.com/community/blog/t/the_growth_of_mobile_marketing_and_tagging.aspx 2007 2012

Take a Picture 82 Send/Receive text messages 58 80 Send/Receive email 19 50 Access Internet 25 56 Record Video 18 44 Online Banking 18 (2011) 29

http://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckjones/2012/11/29/ what-do-people-use-their-cell-phones-for-beside- phone-calls/

. . . . . . . . be because people e are m e mobile What t is the inter eres est o t of wirel eles ess?

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 5

Analysis and predictions today

• Mobile will drive the increase in data traffic
• Vi

Video will account for half of global mobile data traffic by 2018

• Smartphone

hone traffic will increase by ~10% in 2018

Wh Why the he intere rest of

• f Sub

Sub-Ter eraHer ertz wav ave Wir Wirele less Comm

• mmuni

nication

• ns?
• Traditional PTP technologies use channel widths up to 56 MHz

restricting raw Ethernet throughput to around 360 Mbps.

• Gigabit speeds would need 156 MHz of spectrum, an amount not

available in the traditional Licensed Microwave Bands.

http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/201 3/ericsson-mobility-report-june- 2013.pdf

What t is the inter eres est o t of wirel eles ess?

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 6

Wh Why the he intere rest of

• f Sub

Sub-Ter eraHer ertz wav ave Wir Wirele less Comm

• mmuni

nication

• ns?

"The solution to the spectrum problem, is not redistributing the spectrum, is not taking spectrum away from one entity, not even sharing the spectrum, it is in fact is creating new capacity, is creating new spectrum...." Martin Cooper @ "The Communicators" on Saturday, March 6, 2010.

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 7

Wh Why the he intere rest of

• f Sub

Sub-Ter eraHer ertz wav ave Wir Wirele less Comm

• mmuni

nication

• ns?

Options to increase the bandwidth

Spectrally efficient coding of the information Free-space optical links Increase the carrier frequency, using simple modulation formats (ASK, FSK) creating new capacity

How

• w can

n sub ub-TH THz waves help? p?

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 8

Why hy the he i int nterest of

• f Sub

Sub-TeraH aHertz tz w wave e Wirel eles ess C s Communica cations? s?

Options to increase the bandwidth

Spectrally efficient coding of the information: Computational cost & complex Free-space optical links: Affected by fog, snow or sand storms Increase the carrier frequency, using simple modulation formats (ASK, FSK)

mmW mmW a and nd sub ub-THz w wave e bands a advan anta tages es

• Cost Effective (up to 10 km link): tend to be short range (below 5 km) due to

a combination of water and oxygen absorption in the atmosphere. Suitable to replace fiber “last mile” link, where is the most expensive.

• Frequency Re-Use Potential: Short-range nature provides advantages in

frequency re-use. Suitable for street level deployments in a small geographical area.

• Small Antennas: Higher frequencies, smaller antenna size, for compact

systems.

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 9

Wh Why the he intere rest of

• f Sub

Sub-Ter eraHer ertz wav ave Wir Wirele less Comm

• mmuni

nication

• ns?

Curren ently r releas eased ed mmW bands

FCC 92-95 GHz Light License UK/EIRE/ETSI/FCC 81-86 GHz Light License UK 57-64 GHz License Exempt, UK 64-66 GHz Light License ETSI 57-66 GHz License Exempt FCC/IC 57-64 GHz License Exempt UK/EIRE/ETSI/FCC 71-76 GHz Light License

Light License is where the Licensee pays a small administrative fee and registers the radio link with the regional regulatory body. This information is used to inform other potential users of the spectrum that there is already a radio link or links in the area when they register their own link prior to deployment.

19 GHz of License Exempt or Light License spectrum

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 10

Why hy the he i int nterest of

• f Sub

Sub-TeraH aHertz tz w wave e Wirel eles ess C s Communica cations? s?

Fixed ed W Wirel eles ess Acces ess

• Mobile Backhaul for Small Cells
• Disaster recovery
• Transmission of uncompressed

HDTV signals in sport events Close e Proximity ty Wirel eless C Communica cati tions

• Comms with mobile devices

Areas eas of a applica cati tion The futu ture i e is c calling f for t r the combinati tion of I Intern ernet et and Wirel eles ess

Over ervi view o

• f a mmW

mmW /sub ub-THz wirel eless l ess link

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 11

Wirel eless link b building b blocks

Tx Rx

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Path L Loss ss - Free ee Space ce Propagati tion Loss ( (FSPL)

( ) ( )

) ( log 20 ) ( log 20 4 . 92 ) (

10 10

km d GHz f dB FSPL + + =

FSPL (dB) Distance (km) 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.8 GHz 60 GHz 0.001 31.48 40.00 47.67 67.96 0.01 51.48 60.00 67.67 87.96 0.1 71.48 80.00 87.67 107.96 1 91.48 100.00 107.67 127.96 10 111.48 120.00 127.67 147.96

Over ervi view o

• f a mmW

mmW /sub ub-THz wirel eless l ess link

Can be compensated with Antenna Gain

( ) ( )

) ( log 20 ) ( log 20 4 . 92 ) (

10 10

km d GHz f G G dB FSPL

tx rx

+ + + + =

Over ervi view o

• f a mmW

mmW /sub ub-THz wirel eless l ess link

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 13

Path L Loss ss – Atm tmospheric Atten Attenuati tion

Over ervi view o

• f a mmW

mmW /sub ub-THz wirel eless l ess link

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 14

Enabling technologies es

Tx Electronic-based Photonic-based

Electrical RF carrier generation Electrical Data Modulator Optical RF carrier generation Optical Data Modulator O/E Converter

High degree of integration High output power MMIC (HEMT) Multiplier chains (SBD) Bandwidth Energy Efficiency Optical Heterodyning Mode Locked Lasers

Over ervi view o

• f a mmW

mmW /sub ub-THz wirel eless l ess link

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 15

Electr ctronic / c / Photonic c Wirel eles ess System tem Compari arison NTT Experi erien ence ce

Carrier Tech Speed Distance 120 GHz InP HEMT MMICs 11 Gbps 5,8 Km

from

• T. Kosugi et al “Broadband InP MMICs for 120 GHz Wireless Data Communications” IEEE

2013

• H. Takahashi “10-Gbit/s Phase-shift Keying Modulator and Demodulator MMICs for 120-

GHz-band Wireless Link” NTT Tech Rev 2012

Over ervi view o

• f a mmW

mmW /sub ub-THz wirel eless l ess link

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 16 Carrier Tech Speed Distance 120 GHz Photonics 10 Gbps 2 Km

“Photonic technologies enable the effective use of radio-over-fiber technologies in the link configuration, while all-electronic technologies have advantages in size and cost” Photonic integration also enhances performance (quality of generated signal).

• N. Kukutsu “ 10-Gbit/s Wireless Link Systems Using the 120-GHz Band ” IEEE APS 2008.

Electr ctronic / c / Photonic c Wirel eles ess System tem Compari arison NTT Experi erien ence ce

Over ervi view o

• f a mmW

mmW /sub ub-THz wirel eless l ess link

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 17

Recen cent w t works

Carrier (GHz) Speed (Gb/s) Carrier Generation Data Modulation Tx element Rx element Distance 400 22 Photonic Dual-λ Het. External MZM UTC-PD Het. Sub Harm Mixer 2 m IEMN, FR 107 MLL

• UTC-PD
• Bell Lab

USA 200 0,250 Electronic THz rectifier 50 cm IEMN, FR 300 5 Photonic Dual-λ Het. with OFC External UTC-PD

• Doub. Bal.

Mixer 20 cm NICT JP 300 12.5 Photonic Dual-λ Het. External UTC-PD SBD 50 cm NTT JP

Develop Compact act, low power, high performance Wirel eless transceivers Operating at sub ub-ter terah aher ertz tz c carri rier er wave frequencies Based on Photonic I c Integrated ted Circu cuits ts to address:

www.iphos-project.eu

• Size
• Cost
• Reliability
• Performance

Photonic E c Enabled ed W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 18

Freq equen ency r ranges es: E-band (71 (71 -76 G 6 GHz)

• Above current 60 GHz range
• Commercial amplifiers available
• Demonstrate photonic signal

source quality and compactness F-band ( ( > 100 100 GHz)

• Increase functions on optical

domain (Photonic Integrated Circuit) to reduce losses

• Demonstrate single PIC solution

Sh Short h haul apps pps Med Medium h hau aul a apps

www.iphos-project.eu

Photonic E c Enabled ed W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 19

Than anks ! s !

www.iphos-project.eu

Photonic E c Enabled ed W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 20

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), ES Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TUE), NL University of Cambridge (CAM), UK University College London (UCL), UK Universiteit Duisburg Essen (UDE), DE Technische Universiteit Berlin (TUB), DE III-V LAB (ATL), FR

• Adv. Compound Semic. Tech. (ACST), DE

Thales Systèmes Aéroportés (TSA), FR

Optical mmW Signal Source

Building Blocks

High Sp Speed eed Phot

• tod
• diod
• de

SB SBD Carrie rier r Gener erati tion Data ta Modu dula latio ion λ Δλ (fc) λ PA Wireless Transmitter fc Wireless Receiver

Transmitt tter er Block Signal Source High Speed Photodiode Recei ceiver B er Block Schottky Barrier diode

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 21

E-ban and W Wireless T ess Tran ansm smitter er

Photonic E c Enabled ed W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 22

Photonic C c Circu cuit t Integration p provides es multi tiple f e functi ction b blocks Transmitt tter er On-a-Chip

www.iphos-project.eu

Smit “Generic foundry model for InP-based photonics” IET Optoelectronics 2011

Photonic E c Enabled ed W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 23

Hybri rid Step Monolithic Step ep

WR12 Port

www.iphos-project.eu

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 24

Techni hnique ues

Passive ML No RF needed Hybrid ML Synch to electrical signal Mode Filtering Selection of two modes Two Wavelengths

Pu Pulsed ed So Source ce

Creates a comb of modes

Heter eterodyning

Beat note

Optical cal m millimeter eter-wave s e signal al gener erati tion techniques es

Photonic E c Enabled ed W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

λ1 λ2 Δf λ Popt

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 25 CW Dual Mode Two Wavelengths

Two DFB

Optical cal H Heter erodyning

Multiwavelentgh Source External Filter

Single Wavelength Source External Modulator

DC DC

Single Mode LD Single Mode LD

RF

Optical Filter

DC

Single Mode LD

RF

External Modulator

Photonic E c Enabled ed W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

OFC

Optical mmW Signal Source Carrie rier r Gener erati tion Data ta Modu dula latio ion λ Δλ (fc)

Photonic Integrated Circuit approaches for monolithic dual wavelength source: Arrayed ed Waveguide e Grati ting based ed Dual al D DFB bas ased

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 26

E-ban and W Wireless T ess Tran ansm smitter er

GND SOA1 SOA2 DFB2 DFB1

Cleaved

Microscopic photo of the device

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

LD1 bias [mA] LD2 bias [mA]

0.000 50.00 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0

70 GHz 20 GHz Beat frequency [GHz]

Advan anta tages es of Dual DFB:

• Wide continuous tuning range
• Fabrication process compatible with monolithic

integration of high speed photodiodes

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 27

E-ban and W Wireless T ess Tran ansm smitter er

Advan anta tages es of Dual AWG:

• Stable beat note (Optical Linewidth < 130

kHz and Electrical beat linewidth < 250 kHz)

• Fixed wavelength spacing by AWG channel

separation (100 GHz)

• AWG channel spacing spread due to

fabrication tolerances

∆f = 94, 94,74 G 74 GHz ∆f = 193, 193,01 G 01 GHz ∆f = 292, 292,69 G 69 GHz CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 28

E-ban and W Wireless T ess Tran ansm smitter er

Packaging dual-λ sources:

• Submounts to tilt the PIC to deal

with angled waveguides reducing reflections at facets

• Submount for PIC
• Adaptor mounts for housing

connections

• Fiber coupling losses about 6 dB
• Fiber losses without tilt, 10 dB

Important results for the packaging of the monolithic PIC at 120 GHz

E-ban and W Wireless T ess Tran ansm smitter er

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 29

High Sp Speed eed Phot

• tod
• diod
• de

PA Wireless Transmitter fc

Opt Opto-Electr ectronic c Conver ersion:

• High speed photodiodes with flat

frequency response (±0.5 dB) and high

• utput RF power (0 dBm).
• Fabrication process for integration with

sources achieved.

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 30

E-ban and W Wireless T ess Tran ansm smitter er

Development of 71 - 76 GHz transmitter modules based on packaging high speed photodiodes with electrical amplifiers (HPA)

E-ban and W Wireless T ess Tran ansm smitter er

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 31

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 32

E-ban and W Wireless R ess Rece ceiver

Compact S act Schottk tky Recei eiver ers: D Direct ect Detecti ction Options

Rectangu gula lar W r Wavegu guide de Quasi si-Opti tical al Bandwidth Limited Broadband Bandwidth input WR Antenna BW Responsivity (V/W) 3000 500 NEP (pW/√Hz) 2 10 Advan antages es o

• f Q

QO

• Very c

compa mpact m modu dule le

• Much s

simp mple ler t r to f fabric ricate

• Si

Single m module can can o

• per

erate a at t 71 71-76 76 GHz an and 120 120 GHz b z ban ands Chal allenges es o

• f QO
• Obtain

in e effic icie ient r radia diatio ion coupli ling ng

• Proper

er i imped edan ance m e match betw etwee een th the an e anten tenna an and SB SBD

Quasi-optical compact module with Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) impedance matched to antenna and

• utput matched to 50 Ohm for

envelope detection.

SB SBD Wireless Receiver CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 33

E-ban and W Wireless R ess Rece ceiver

Three ee d differen ent recei eceiver m modules es CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 34

E-ban and W Wireless R ess Rece ceiver

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 35

E-ban and W Wireless R ess Rece ceiver

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Mismatching factor Fequency [GHz] M Meander Dipole LogSpiral LogPeriodic 10 20 30 40 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 Lens Diameter [mm] Directivity [dBi] Meander Dipole LogSpiral LogPeriodic 1 2 3 4 5 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Slab Length (L) [mm] Directivity [dBi] Directivity vs Lens Diameter Meander Dipole LogSpiral LogPeriodic

Anten enna M a Mismatc tch Anten enna G a Gain

L L avs avs

P P M P M P = ⋅ =

 →

The h high gh frequ quency p proble lem

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 36

E-ban and W Wireless R ess Rece ceiver

0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 +j0.2

• j0.2

+j0.5

• j0.5

+j1.0

• j1.0

+j2.0

• j2.0

+j5.0

• j5.0

0.0 ∞

Meander Dipole LogSpiral LogPeriodic

S22 measurements indicate that Log-Spiral and Log- Periodic are not match to 50 Ohm, having a 0.75 reflection coefficient (-2.5 dB).

The b e bas aseban and problem

Anritsu MG3690A Signal Source (11.25 – 17.5 GHz) OML S08MS-AG ( x8 )

24 dBi Horn Antenna

ACST SBD Lock-in Amplifier

70 80 90 100 110 120 130 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Freq [GHz] Resp [V/W]

LogSpiral 60-90GHz LogSpiral 90-140GHz LogPeriodic 60-90GHz LogPeriodic 90-140GHz

Normalized to lens area πR2 Measurements at 30 cm Measured responsivity on E-band and F-band CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 37

E-ban and W Wireless R ess Rece ceiver

Optical mmW Signal Source On-a-Chip High Sp Speed eed Phot

• tod
• diod
• de

Carrie rier r Gener erati tion Data ta Modu dula latio ion λ Δλ (fc) λ fc

iPH iPHOS OS recen cent d devel elopmen ent

• Successful fabrication run of monolithic wireless transmitter

Photonic Integrated Circuit based on dual DFB source. F-ban and Wirel eles ess Link B Block

F-ban and W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 38

DFB lasers

Dual wavelength generation

SOAs

Data modulation

MMI

Wavelength combiner

PD

O/E conversion

F-ban and W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 39

Optical power divider Optical power amplifiers Phase shifters Array of photodetectors integrated with antennas

On the r road for m r monolith thic c THz gener eration Curren ent d directi ection:

• Passive components + photodiodes
• PD response up to 1 THz

Allow us to aim for a monolithic THz source based on current technology using phased arrays

F-ban and W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 40

Design of optical phase locked loop system based on monolithic devices to reduce the electrical beat note signal phase noise:

• mmW output from dual wavelength PIC compared against lower frequency

reference using purpose-designed sub-harmonic mixer

• OPLL assembly must be kept small to give short feedback path

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 41

F-ban and W Wirel eless T ess Tran ansm smitter

• We have demonstrated that

Photonic Integrated Circuits can reduce the size of millimeter-wave and sub-TeraHertz wireless transmitters

• We have successfully achieved a Photonic Integrated

Circuit Transmitter On-a-Chip

• We have demonstrated their potential for TeraHertz

wave generation

• Demonstrated wide bandwidth receiver (60 – 120 GHz)

CPMT Webinar June 17th 2013 42

Summa Summary