Structure of Matter and Its Properties Classwork and Homework - PDF document

Slide 1 / 112 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. Click to go to website: www.njctl.org Slide 2 / 112 Structure of Matter and Its Properties Classwork and Homework www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 112 Classwork #1: What is Matter?

Slide 4 / 112 1 If you have one atom of Oxygen and you break it in half, would you still have Oxygen? Explain. Slide 5 / 112 2 Draw a model of an atom labeling all of its parts. On your model, identify which parts have a positive or negative charge or have no charge. Slide 6 / 112 3 Explain what would happen if an electron and a proton were brought near each other and then released. Why would this happen?

Slide 7 / 112 Homework: What is Matter? Slide 8 / 112 4 How do we define “matter?” Slide 9 / 112 5 Can you think of anything that is not matter?

Slide 10 / 112 6 What does it mean for a substance to be a “pure substance?” Slide 11 / 112 7 What subatomic particle has a neutral charge? Slide 12 / 112 8 Where are electrons found in the atom?

Slide 13 / 112 Classwork #2: How Do We Measure Matter? Slide 14 / 112 9 For each item below, identify the appropriate unit of measurement. The choices for the unit of measurement are: volume (V), weight (W), mass (M) or both mass and weight (MW). A Amount of water in a pool B Force of gravity on an apple C Kilograms D Amount of matter in a stone E Newton F Measured with a graduated cylinder G Cubic meters Slide 15 / 112 9 (continued) For each item below, identify the appropriate unit of measurement. The choices for the unit of measurement are: volume (V), weight (W), mass (M) or both mass and weight (MW). H Length x Width x Height I Amount of juice in an orange J Pounds K Depends on location in a gravitational field L Grams M Measured with a Scale N Liters

Slide 16 / 112 10 Rank your weight on the surface of each of these locations from greatest to least. Justify your ranking to the right of the table. Location Ranking Moon Jupiter Mercury Earth Slide 17 / 112 11 Describe how you would find the volume of the empty vase below. Note that the vase is too large to fit in a standard graduated cylinder. Slide 18 / 112 Homework: How Do We Measure Matter?

Slide 19 / 112 12 How many grams would be in 10 kilograms? Slide 20 / 112 13 A block has a mass of 10 kg on Earth and a weight of 60 lbs. What would its mass and weight be on the moon? Slide 21 / 112 14 A box has a length of 10 cm, a width of 8.5 cm and a height of 5.5 cm. What is its volume?

Slide 22 / 112 15 An irregular object is placed in 50 mL of water and the water level rises to 72 mL. What is the volume of the object? Slide 23 / 112 16 Explain why the following statement is incorrect and then correct it: The apple weighs 1 kilogram. Slide 24 / 112 Classwork #3: Elements of the Periodic Table

Slide 25 / 112 17 What did Mendeleev use to organize his first Periodic Table of Elements? Slide 26 / 112 18 What is the symbol for Magnesium? Slide 27 / 112 19 Which element is represented by the symbol C?

Slide 28 / 112 20 What period is Hydrogen (H) located in? Slide 29 / 112 21 What group is Sulfur (S) located in? Slide 30 / 112 22 Pick another atom with similar characteristics for each of these elements: A Fluorine (F) B Oxygen (O)

Slide 31 / 112 Homework: Elements of the Periodic Table Slide 32 / 112 23 How is the modern Periodic Table of Elements arranged? Slide 33 / 112 24 Use your Periodic Table to answer the following questions about Helium (He): A Atomic number? B Element Symbol? C Atomic Mass? D Number of protons? E Period? F Group? G Number of electrons in outer shell?

Slide 34 / 112 25 Suppose an element had an atomic number of 52. How many protons would that element have? Slide 35 / 112 26 Using your Periodic Table, what element has an atomic number of 65? Slide 36 / 112 27 Using your Periodic Table, which element has more protons: Nickel or Iodine? How do you know? A Nickel B Iodine

Slide 37 / 112 28 Which element is represented by the symbol W? Slide 38 / 112 29 What period is Silver (Ag) located in? Slide 39 / 112 30 What group is Xenon (Xe) located in?

Slide 40 / 112 31 Pick another atom with similar characteristics for each of these elements: A Potassium (K) B Krypton (Kr) C Strontium (Sr) D Gold (Au) Slide 41 / 112 Classwork #4: Physical Properties Slide 42 / 112 32 An unidentified clear liquid substance is found in the chemistry lab. One of your lab partners claims it is simply water while the other thinks it is isopropyl alcohol. A What physical properties would NOT be helpful in identifying the substance and why? B Explain which physical properties could be used to identify the substance and how you and your lab partners would test these physical properties.

Slide 43 / 112 33 Describe the physical properties of a tent that are important if you are going camping for the weekend. For each physical property described, explain why it is important. Slide 44 / 112 34 You are given a mixture composed of finely ground salt and pepper and coarse sand. Explain how the physical properties of each item can help you separate them. Slide 45 / 112 Homework: Physical Properties

Slide 46 / 112 35 Explain what physical properties of metal would be a good choice of material for each of these products and why: A Cooking Pot B Power lines C Refrigerator door Slide 47 / 112 36 Describe how the difference between metals and nonmetals can be detected. Slide 48 / 112 37 For each item below, choose the most appropriate term. In some cases, you may have more than one term listed: compound (C), molecule (M), element (E) or atom (A). A _____ Basic unit of an element B _____ Water C _____ Pure substance D _____ Smallest part of a compound E _____ O 3 F _____ salt

Slide 49 / 112 37 (continued) For each item below, choose the most appropriate term. In some cases, you may have more than one term listed: compound (C), molecule (M), element (E) or atom (A). G _____ Carbon H _____ Two or more elements chemically bonded together I _____ The subscripts in H 2 0 J _____ C 6 H 12 0 6 K _____ one or more atoms that are chemically bonded together Slide 50 / 112 38 Write the name of the family that is described in a-g: A Does not react with other elements B End in -ine C React by losing 2 electrons D Poor conductor of electricity E 1 electron in the outer shell F Contains many unstable elements that do not occur naturally on earth G Can be mixed with other metals to make alloys Slide 51 / 112 39 CaCO 3 , CO 2 , CuSO 4 , NaHCO 3 Rank the compounds listed above from greatest to least based on: A The number of different elements. B The total number of atoms.

Slide 52 / 112 40 What is the ratio of Sodium (Na) to Chlorine (Cl) atoms in the chemical formula NaCl? Slide 53 / 112 41 The ratio of Carbon to Oxygen atoms in Carbon Dioxide is 1:2. How would you write its formula? Slide 54 / 112 42 The molecule commonly known as Acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) is made up of what types of atoms (and how many of each)?

Slide 55 / 112 43 The molecule commonly known as Nutrasweet (C 14 H 18 N 2 O 5 ) is made up of what types of atoms (and how many of each)? Slide 56 / 112 Classwork #5: Density Slide 57 / 112 44 Complete the table below. Show your mathematical work on another sheet of paper. A periodic table displaying the density of elements is provided to help you. Mass (g) Volume(cm 3 ) Density (g/cm 3 ) Element 345.5 356.1 155.3 57.5 94.2 4.54 10.13 2.7 59.6 7.13 4.88 3.14 53.6 23

Slide 58 / 112 45 Can a sample of an element be identified by its mass alone? Why or why not? Slide 59 / 112 46 Suppose you had samples of equal mass for every element on the periodic table. A Which elemental sample would contain atoms that are the most closely packed together? Justify your answer. B The least closely packed? Justify your answer. Slide 60 / 112 47 You have one 3g sample of Nickel and one 3g sample of Manganese. A Which sample takes up more physical space? Justify your answer. B Would either sample float in water? Why or why not?

Slide 61 / 112 48 A graduated cylinder is filled with 50mL of water. A sample of gold with a mass of 39.5 grams is dropped into the water. What will be the new water level on the graduated cylinder? Justify your answer. Students type their answers here Slide 62 / 112 Homework: Density For each question below, show your work and/or justify your answer. Slide 63 / 112 49 What is the density of a piece of wood that has a mass of 25.0 grams and a volume of 29.4 cm 3 ?