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Structure, Function, & Information Processing Classwork and - - PDF document
Structure, Function, & Information Processing Classwork and - - PDF document
Slide 1 / 56 Slide 2 / 56 Structure, Function, & Information Processing Classwork and Homework www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 56 Classwork #1: The Fundamental Units of Life Slide 4 / 56 1 Using the four characteristics of living things,
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4 Are rocks living or nonliving? Justify your answer using the cell theory.
A Living B Nonliving
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5 Bacteria are each composed of one cell that does not have a membrane-bound organelle. What two terms characterize bacteria?
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Homework: The Fundamental Units of Life
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6 Where are cells found? Provide two examples of where cells are found.
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7 Explain whether each of the following statements is correct or incorrect using the cell theory:
A Even very simple organisms, like bacteria are composed of cells. B The basic building blocks of a starfish are its spine, which give it its unique shape. C When you heal from a cut, new skin cells are created from existing cells.
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8 Are leaves living or nonliving? Justify your answer using the cell theory.
A Living B Nonliving
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9 Explain the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms. Give an example of each.
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10 Describe the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Classwork #2: Cell Structure and Function
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11 The liver is an organ that is responsible for
- detoxification. This means that it breaks down
toxins in the body. Explain which organelle is important for the function of the liver.
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12 Proteins are important molecules in the body. Some proteins help to speed up reactions; others aid in DNA replication; still others are a source of structure, such as hair and nails. Name three
- rganelles that work with proteins in the cell.
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13 The leaves of an oak tree and a rabbit’s fur are both part of living organisms. They are both multicellular and eukaryotic. Despite these similarities, however, there are also some differences between the two. Name three things that would be found in cells of an oak tree leaf but not in the cells of rabbit’s fur? What accounts for these differences?
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Homework: Cell Structure and Function
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Structure Function Animal Cell Plant Cell Cell membrane Cytosol Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Cell wall Vacuoles Chloroplasts
Fill out the chart by describing each function and noting in what type of cell the structure is found.
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Classwork #3: Cell Structure and Function
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Each of the following statements is an example of a type of tissue. Label each statement with the type of tissue described.
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14 __________________ Our skin cells form tissue that protect our bodies from injury and infection.
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15 __________________ When you put your hand on a hot stove, this type of tissue communicates with your brain and makes you quickly jerk your hand away.
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16 __________________ The walls of the small intestine move food through the digestive system.
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17 __________________ The pancreas is an example
- f an endocrine gland. This gland secretes insulin,
a hormone that helps to regulate sugar in the blood.
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18 __________________ Adipose cells compose this type of tissue that stores fat.
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19 __________________ The heart pumps blood throughout the body and is composed of this type
- f tissue.
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20 __________________ The Achilles tendon attaches the calf muscles to the heel bone.
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21 __________________ The tissue of the brain controls various functions, such as breathing.
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Fill out the flowchart with the correct order of organization in the body, from smallest to largest. Define each level and include at least two examples of each. Use the following terms: tissue, organism, organ system, cell, organ.
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Homework: Cell Structure and Function
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Each of the following statements describes a component of an organ system. Label each statement with the type of system described.
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22 _________________ When food is digested in the small intestine, nutrients pass into blood vessels, called capillaries, in the lining of the intestine. The capillaries transport the nutrients to other cells in the body.
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23 __________________ The human rib cage consists of 24 ribs. One of the functions of the rib cage is to protect the heart.
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24 __________________ The gallbladder is a small
- rgan located below the liver. It releases bile, a
substance that helps to digest fats.
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25 __________________ Oxygen from the lungs is transported to oxygen-poor cells via the arteries.
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26 __________________ The transverse abdominals are muscles that wrap around the waist and pull the body in and upwards. These muscles are important for good posture.
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27 __________________ Alveoli are little sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. On average, the human lungs contains 700 million alveoli.
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28 _________________ The esophagus is a hollow tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.
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29 __________________ When playing soccer, the iliotibial band and the adductor leg muscles are essential for kicking and jumping.
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30 __________________ Bone marrow is located in the middle of the bones and is the site of red blood cell production.
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31 __________________ The trachea is a hollow tube that brings oxygen into the lungs.
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Classwork #4: Information Processing in Living Systems
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32 Why are sensory receptors important?
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33 Describe the two parts of the nervous system.
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34 Sunlight shines in your window and wakes you up early Saturday morning. What type of stimulus is this and why?
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35 What makes a reflex different from other stimuli?
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36 You walk into the kitchen in the evening and smell food in the oven. A moment later, you start to
- salivate. Identify the sensory input, integration,
and motor output components of this reaction.
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Homework: Information Processing in Living Systems
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37 Bundles of nerve cells that relay information from your fingers to your spinal cord would be part of which component of the nervous system?
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38 Where in the body is sensory information integrated?
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39 Upon hearing a sudden, loud noise, you instantaneously startle. What type of stimulus is this and why?
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40 A toddler falls down and scrapes his knee, causing him to curl into a ball and to start crying. What type of stimulus is this and why?
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