Structure and Function of Muscle and Nervous Tissue What well talk - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Structure and Function of Muscle and Nervous Tissue What well talk - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 14, 2023 307 likes •724 views

Structure and Function of Muscle and Nervous Tissue What well talk about Structure and functional features of muscle tissues Structure of neuromuscular junction Structure and organization of the spinal cord Structure of

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Structure and Function of Muscle and Nervous Tissue

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What we’ll talk about…

  • Structure and functional features of muscle tissues
  • Structure of neuromuscular junction
  • Structure and organization of the spinal cord
  • Structure of peripheral nerves
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Skeletal Muscle

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Skeletal muscle consists of bundles of cells wrapped in connectives tissue layers.

Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium

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H&E stain reveals striated pattern and connective tissue layers.

Cross Section Longitudinal Section Muscle Cell Nucleus Endomysium Perimysium

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Each muscle cell is enveloped by endomysium and groups are wrapped by perimysium.

Endomysium Perimysium Capillary Muscle cell Nucleus

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Electron micrographs reveal the structural components of the sarcomere.

Z-disc Z-disc A

  • b

a n d I

  • b

a n d H

  • b

a n d M-line M y

  • s

i n A c t i n A c t i n T-tubule Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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Skeletal muscle contains cells with different mechanical and biochemical properties.

Slow-twitch Fast-twitch

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Neuromuscular Junction

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Motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions.

Motor neuron axon Skeletal muscle cell Neuromuscular junction

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Motor neurons form synapses on muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction.

Muscle Cell Neuromuscular Junction Motor Neuron Axon

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The neuromuscular junction contains a synapse between the axon terminus and skeletal muscle cell.

Synaptic Vesicle Axon Terminus Muscle Cell Sarcomere Basal Lamina Acetylcholine Receptors Voltage-gated Na+ Channels

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Cardiac Muscle

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Cardiac muscle consists of smaller, interconnected cells called cardiomyocytes.

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Cardiomyocytes appear striated and have a central nucleus and connect at intercalated discs.

Nucleus Intercalated Disc Capillary

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Cardiomyocytes contain sarcomeres, numerous mitochondria and connect at intercalated discs.

Z-disc A-band I-band Intercalated Disc Mitochondria Mitochondria

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Intercalated discs contain adhering junctions and gap junctions.

Intercalated Disc Gap Junction Sarcomere Intercalated Disc Cardiomyoctye 1 Cardiomyoctye 2 Adhering Junction

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Smooth Muscle

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Smooth muscle contains spindle shaped cells.

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Smooth muscle controls diameter of tubes such as blood vessels and bronchioles.

Smooth Muscle Smooth Muscle

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Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with a single, elongated nucleus.

Nucleus Cytoplasm

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Some organs have layers of smooth muscle

  • riented in different directions.

Nucleus C

  • n

t r a c t i

  • n

Layer 1 Layer 2

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Dense bodies in smooth muscle cells function as Z-discs to mediate contraction.

Nucleus Cytoplasm Dense Bodies

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Adhering junctions connect adjacent smooth muscle cells.

Smooth muscle cell 1 Smooth muscle cell 2 Smooth muscle cell 3 Adhering junction

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Smooth muscle cells can be individually innervated

  • r work in groups via gap junctions.

Multiunit Unitary

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Gap junctions allows ions and current to pass between smooth muscle cells.

Smooth muscle cell 1 Smooth muscle cell 2 Gap Junction Gap Junction

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Nervous Tissue

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Spinal Cord

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The cell bodies of motor neurons are found in the ventral horn.

White Matter Grey Matter Dorsal Root Ventral Root Dorsal Ventral Dorsal Horn Ventral Horn

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The dorsal root contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Sensory Neuron To Spinal Cord To Periphery

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Motor neurons are multiple polar neurons that are found in the ventral horn.

Motor Neuron Dendrite Support Cell

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Nissl stain labels nucleic acids and highlights the rough endoplasmic reticulum in motor neurons.

Motor Neuron Nissl Bodies Dendrite Axon Hillock

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Peripheral nerves contain three layers of connective tissue.

Endoneurium Epineurium Perineurium Fascicle Arteries and Veins Myelin Axon

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Peripheral nerves with myelinated axons contain an unstained region around the axon.

Epineurium Axon Myelin Perineurium Endoneurium

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Electron micrograph reveals a myelinated axon and endoneurium with collagen.

Schwann Cell Myelin Sheath Axon Endoneurium

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Nerves with unmyelinated axons contain the same connective tissue layers.

Epineurium Perineurium Schwann Cell Nucleus

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Electron micrograph reveals unmyelinated axons and collagen in the endoneurium.

Axon Axon Schwann Cell Endoneurium

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Peripheral nerves appear wave-like in longitudinal sections.

Schwann Cell Nucleus Epineurium

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Ganglia are collections of neurons that relay signals from the CNS to the local tissue.

Neuron Satellite Cell Connective Tissue