Stratospheric Ozone at South Pole Begins to Show Signs of Improvement - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Stratospheric Ozone at South Pole Begins to Show Signs of Improvement - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 10, 2023 351 likes •993 views

Stratospheric Ozone at South Pole Begins to Show Signs of Improvement in the Yearly Ozone Hole Bryan Johnson, Patrick Cullis, Chance Sterling, Glen McConville, Johan Booth, Irina Petropavlovskikh NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division & CIRES,

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Stratospheric Ozone at South Pole Begins to Show Signs of Improvement in the Yearly Ozone Hole

Bryan Johnson, Patrick Cullis, Chance Sterling, Glen McConville, Johan Booth, Irina Petropavlovskikh

NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division & CIRES, Univ. of Colorado

Ozonesondes: 31 consecutive years. 1986-2017 (1,650 ozonesonde launches) Dobson Spectrophotometer: 53 years 1964-2017 (7,300 days of measurements)

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Outline

Stratospheric Ozone Measurements, Trends, Recovery.

  • 1. Ozonesondes:
  • Total Column Ozone
  • 14-21 km Layer Column Ozone
  • September Ozone Loss Rate
  • 3. Satellites:
  • Total Column Ozone
  • Area of Ozone Hole
  • 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:
  • Total Column Ozone

Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube

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Stratospheric Ozone Measurements Total Column Ozone (Dobson Units)

Antarctica Typical Range = 260-360 DU Ozone Hole Defined Threshold = 220 DU Ozone Hole Minimum = 85-90 DU

30 km Dobson Spectrophotometer Satellite Ozonesonde Sun

illustration by Patrick Cullis

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Stratospheric Ozone Measurements Total Column Ozone (Dobson Units)

Antarctica Typical Range = 260-360 DU Ozone Hole Defined Threshold = 220 DU Ozone Hole Minimum = 85-90 DU

30 km Dobson Spectrophotometer Satellite Ozonesonde Sun

illustration by Patrick Cullis

NASA Goddard Image: October 1, 2016 114 Dobson Units

2016

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Stratospheric ozone severity & recovery depends on:

  • 1. Ozonesondes:
  • Total Column Ozone
  • 14-21 km Layer Column Ozone
  • September Ozone Loss Rate
  • 3. Satellites:
  • Total Column Ozone
  • Area of Ozone Hole
  • 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:
  • Total Column Ozone

Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube

  • chlorine (chemistry)
  • temperature & meteorological conditions.
  • chlorine (chemistry)
  • temperature & meteorological conditions.

Total Ozone Column Change (%)

WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion:2014 The NOAA Ozone Depleting Gas Index: Guiding Recovery of the Ozone

  • Layer. Montzka, et al.
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Stratospheric ozone severity & recovery depends on:

  • 1. Ozonesondes:
  • Total Column Ozone
  • 14-21 km Layer Column Ozone
  • September Ozone Loss Rate
  • 3. Satellites:
  • Total Column Ozone
  • Area of Ozone Hole
  • 2. Dobson Spectrophotometer:
  • Total Column Ozone

Photo by Christian Krueger, IceCube

  • chlorine (chemistry)
  • temperature & meteorological conditions.
  • chlorine (chemistry)
  • temperature & meteorological conditions.

Total Ozone Column Change (%)

WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion:2014 The NOAA Ozone Depleting Gas Index: Guiding Recovery of the Ozone

  • Layer. Montzka, et al.

Antarctica ozone layer recovery publications: 2011: Hassler, et al. An assessment

  • f changing ozone loss rates at

South Pole: 25 years of ozonesonde measurements (JGR). 2016: Solomon, et al. Emergence of healing in the Antarctic ozone layer (Nature).

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Pinatubo aerosol in 10-14 km

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Sudden stratospheric warming

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Record Low = 93 DU

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Ozonesonde Profiles from selected years:

1993 – Pinatubo aerosol 2002 – Sudden stratospheric warming 2006 – Record low ozone hole 2015 – longest stable vortex 2016 – most recent

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1993 2002 2006 2015

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1993 2002 2006 2015

Pinatubo volcanic aerosol Record Low Satellite – largest area September sudden stratospheric warming Latest vortex breakup 16th lowest / 31 years

14 -21

km

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1993 2002 2006 2015

Pinatubo volcanic aerosol Record Low Satellite – largest area September sudden stratospheric warming Latest vortex breakup 16th lowest / 31 years

14 -21

km

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1993 2002 2006 2016

Pinatubo volcanic aerosol Record Low min Satellite – largest area September sudden stratospheric warming Average ozone hole 15th lowest / 31 years

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km

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Ozonesonde Median: 1990-2014

South Pole Ozonesondes

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South Pole 14-21 km Layer: September Depletion Rate

Slope = 3.0 DU/Day

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September Depletion Rate (14-21 km)

Dobson Units

Summary Charts and Table

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SUMMARY

  • The previous 3 summary charts indicate improvement, but next several

years of ozonesonde data will help smooth out the year- to-year variability in ozone due to stratospheric temperature and meteorological conditions.

  • 2010-2016 (last 7 years) shows improvement over 1990-1999 and

2000-2009 decades. 20-24 km ozone layer shows significant improvement. Indicator for recovery predicted by Hofmann (1997).

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South Pole Station: Located in the middle of the polar vortex and springtime ozone depletion area.

early October

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Electrochemical Concentration Cell ozonesonde