strategic, economic, and life-cycle perspectives Matthias Koesling, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Establishing a Seaweed industry in Norway: strategic, economic, and life-cycle perspectives

Matthias Koesling, NIBIO

Introduction to life-cycle thinking

Every day example

• From Material Flow Analysis

to Life-cycle assessment

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Travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund)

– Using a modern car – 7 litre gasoline/100 km – Energy density 33.1 MJ/l – Energy needed: 7 l/100 km * 33 MJ/l = 198 MJ/100 km

Ca 100 km

Life cycle questions

– How much energy was necessary to produce the gasoline and the car? – What is the environmental impact of producing the gasoline and combusting it?

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How much energy is necessary to get 1 l gasoline to filling station?

Energy needed for entire way: 7 MJ/l gasoline Energy density of gasoline: 33 MJ/l

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LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund)

ADP fossil

GLO: Passenger car (medium, gasoline, 1 piece) ts <LC> EU-28: Gasoline mix (regular) at filling station ts

Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ]

281,6 256,0 230,4 204,8 179,2 153,6 128,0 102,4 76,8 51,2 25,6 0,0

Use of fossil energy [MJ]

Gasoline at filling station Car-production

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LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund)

– Use of gasoline – 7 l/100 km Car: production and use

https://picsart.com/i/sticker-rauch-260477178012212

GWP 100 years

GLO: Passenger car (medium, gasoline, 1 piece) ts <LC> EU-28: Gasoline mix (regular) at filling station ts GLO: Car petrol, Euro 5, engine size 1,4-2l ts <u-so>

Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv .]

17,6 16,0 14,4 12,8 11,2 9,6 8,0 6,4 4,8 3,2 1,6 0,0

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LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund)

Global warming potential [CO2-equivalents]

Car-production Gasoline at filling station Gasoline combustion

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LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund)

Life-cycle assessment (LCA)

Assess environmental impacts from all the stages of a product's life: – Raw material extraction – Materials processing – Manufacture – Distribution – Use – Repair and maintenance – Disposal or recycling

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• Protein production

– Soy protein – Seaweed protein

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24,000 MJ 278,000 MJ

Results from different approaches Energy demand per t protein

Material Flow Analysis

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Soy Seaweed

about 12 times

24,000 MJ 278,000 MJ

Results from different approaches Energy demand per t protein

Material Flow Analysis LCA

38,000 MJ

(non renewable)

122,000 MJ

(renewable)

443,000 MJ

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Soy Seaweed

about 12 times about 12 times

Seaweed LCA-results in detail

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1 - Gametophyte culture 2 - Sporophyte culture 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 – Transport 6 - Drying 7 - Extraction 8 - Transportation

ADP fossil

Total NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP4 - Harvest ... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP5 - Drying of... NO: GP6 - Extractio... Rest

Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ]

471 859,2 419 430,4 367 001,60000000006 314 572,80000000006 262 144,00000000006 209 715,20000000006 157 286,4000000001 104 857,60000000008 52 428,80000000008 0,00000000007

Seaweed LCA-results, todays production

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Use of fossil energy in MJ (Abiotic depletion, fossil)

Total 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 – Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas 7 - Extraction Rest

450 000 250 000 100 000

GWP 100 years

Total NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP3 - Deployme... NO: GP4 b Transport... NO: GP5 - Drying of ... NO: GP6 - Extraction... Rest

Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv .]

29 491,2 26 214,4 22 937,6 19 660,8 16 384,0 13 107,2 9 830,40000000001 6 553,60000000001 3 276,8 0,00000000000

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Seaweed LCA-results, todays production

Global warming potential (GWP) In kg CO2-equivalents

Total 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 – Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas 7 - Extraction Rest

30 000 20 000 10 000

Total, soy

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Seaweed LCA-results, todays production

ADP fossil

Total NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP4 - Harvest ... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP5 - Drying of... NO: GP6 - Extractio... Rest

Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ]

471 859,2 419 430,4 367 001,60000000006 314 572,80000000006 262 144,00000000006 209 715,20000000006 157 286,4000000001 104 857,60000000008 52 428,80000000008 0,00000000007 Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free

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Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration for free

Use of fossil energy in MJ (Abiotic depletion, fossil)

450 000 250 000 100 000

Total 3 – Deploy. & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 – Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas 7 - Extraction Rest

GWP 100 years

Total NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP3 - Deployme... NO: GP4 b Transport... NO: GP5 - Drying of ... NO: GP6 - Extraction... Rest

Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv .]

29 491,2 26 214,4 22 937,6 19 660,8 16 384,0 13 107,2 9 830,40000000001 6 553,60000000001 3 276,8 0,00000000000 Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free

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Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration for free

Total 3 – Deploy. & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 – Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas 7 - Extraction Rest

Global warming potential (GWP) In kg CO2-equivalents

30 000 20 000 10 000

GWP 100 years

Total NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP5 - Drying of ... NO: GP6 - Extractio... Rest

Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv .]

144 179,2 131 072,0 117 964,8 104 857,6 91 750,40000000001 78 643,20000000001 65 536,00000000001 52 428,80000000002 39 321,60000000002 26 214,40000000002 13 107,20000000002 0,00000000002 Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free Scen 3a incin energ Scen 3b incin en + el

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Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration

Global warming potential (GWP) In kg CO2-equivalents

Total 3 – Deploy. & growth at sea 5 – Transport 6 - Drying; use of gas

130 000 90 000 50 000 25 000 Including GWP from incineration

Three scenarios for different sizes

– Reference – todays volumes and technologies – IMTA integration – every fish farm in Norway integrates seaweed cultivation – Large scale

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Production sizes and transportation

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Number of locations Area per location ha Yield t WW/ha Production per location t WW Sum annual Production t WW Placed in counties Solund example 1 1.0 60 60 60 1 IMTA at every fish farm 1132 2.5 60 150 170 000 10 SES-size 90 32 60 1 900 170 000 2 Most fish farms 1000 100 60 6 000 6 000 000 6 Large scale 6 13 300 75 1 000 000 6 000 000 4

Production sizes and transportation

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Production per location t WW Sum annual Production t WW Placed in counties Solund example 60 60 1 IMTA at every fish farm 150 170 000 10 SES-size 1 900 170 000 2 Most fish farms 6 000 6 000 000 6 Large scale 1 000 000 6 000 000 4

ADP fossil

Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] 40 000 37 500 35 000 32 500 30 000 27 500 25 000 22 500 20 000 17 500 15 000 12 500 10 000 7 500 5 000 2 500 ts 1 Today 2 IMTA 3 SES-size 4 IMTA 6mio 5 Storskala

Use of fossil energy in MJ (diesel for transportation from farm to refinery)

0 10 000 20 000 30 000 MJ

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Utilising additional components to protein

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When the entire economic and environmental costs for growing, harvesting, transporting and drying of algae is given, utilising more ingredients is reducing the costs per output unit.

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Utilising additional components to protein

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Saccharina latissima Harvested wet weight Dry weight Protein ~10 % Other valuable components

Seaweed farming in Norway has just started. Improvements for yield, ingredients, harvesting, storing and processing can be expected.

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Contributions from

Nina Pereira Kvadsheim (Møreforsking Molde) Jan Emblemsvåg (Møreforsking Molde) Jon Halfdanarson (Møreforsking Molde) Matthias Koesling (NIBIO)

Project number: 244244 Funding received from: BIONÆR — Bionæringsprogram HAVBRUK2