Statistical Machine Translation Clause Restructuring for - PDF document

✫ ✔ ✗ ✆ ☞ ✡ ✙ ✎ ☎ ✞✛ ✩ ✛ ✥ ✤ ✣ ✡ ✧ ✡ ✁ ✩ ✔ ✌ ✜ ✌ ✁ ✧ ☞ ✙ ✁ ✓ ✏ �✎ ✍ ✪ ✢ ✜ ✌ ✁ ✞ ✟ ✟ ✟ ✌ ✍ �✎ ✏ ✠✑ ✒ ✎ ✓ ✔ ☎ ✕ ✟ ☎ ✞✛ ☞ ✘ ☞ ✍ ✞ ✡ ✗ ✖ Statistical Machine Translation Clause Restructuring for ✦★✧ ✁✄☞ ✁✄✂ ✁✚✙ ✁✄☞ ✠☛✡ ☎✝✆ ✁✄✖ �✁✄✂

❲ P ✷ ✲● ✴ ✳ ✱ ❖ ✳ ✼ ✶ ✳ ✰ ✱ ✽ ✴ ✰ ❆ ✱ ✰ ✴ ✴ ✽ ✮ ✰ ✸ ✱ ✺ ✶ ✴ ✱ ✮ ✮ ✰ ✬ ✲ ✴ ✺ ✶ ✳ ✷ ✽ ✲ ❂ ✬ ✰ ✸ ✴ ✽ ✺ ✮ ✳ ✷ ✽ ✲ ◆ ❖ ❖ ✰ ✽ ✲● ✶ ✼ ❣ ❢ ❤ ✐ ❱ ❛ ❜ ❱ ❢ ❣ ❨ ❜ ❴ ❚ ❚ ❧ ❣ ❚ ❬ ❫ ♠ ♥ ♦ ❚ ❡ ❚ ❛ ❬ ❡ ❴ ● ✴ ✱ ✴ ✱ ✲ ✳ ✱ ✲ ✸ ✱ ✴ ✬ ❘ ✱ ✮ ❝ ✺ ✳ ◆ ❨ ❫ ❬ ❵ ❛ ❲ ❬ ❛ ❫ ❞ ✳ ✶ ✴ ✷ ❃ ✴ ✳ ✱ ✻ ✴ ✻ ✶ ✺ ✷ ✻ ✳ ❂ ✱ ❆ ✮ ✴ ✱ ✽ ❇ ✴ ✷ ✲ ❈ ✬ ✴ ❀❁ ✰ ✼ ✰ ✰✱ ✲ ✳ ✷ ✴ ✳ ✶ ✺ ✻ ✶ ✸ ✷ ✿ ✲ ✱ ✳ ✰ ✶ ✲ ✴ ✺ ✶ ✳ ✲ ✾ ❉ ❃ ✽ ❋ ✱ ❆ ✷ ❇ ❇ ✱ ❊ ✰ ✷ ✲● ✰ ✽ ▲ ✰ ❆ ✽ ✰ ❆ ✱ ✰ ✾ ✱ ● ■ ✻ ❍ ✶ ✽ ✺ ✱ ✻ ✺ ✴ ❋ ✼ ✱ ✲ ✳ ❋ ✺ ✶ ✶ ✲● ✮ ✶ ● ✱ ✲● ✴ ✼ ▼ ✲ ❑ ❛✵❣ ✷✹✽ ❜★❝ ✳✵✶ ⇒ ❱❳❴ ❩★❬❪❭ ✰✱◗P ✷✹✸ ❱❳❲ Outline ✳✵✶ ❙❯❚ ✱❏■ ❬❦❥ ✳✵✴ ❄❅✱ ✭✯✮

❷ r q ⑥ ④ ③ ✈ ✈ ⑩ ✉ ⑤ ✉ ✈ q ✉ r s ❸ ❷ ❷ ✉ ① s ⑨ ❷ ❷ s ⑩ ❹ ✈ ✈ t ① ❻ ♣ ⑩ ✇⑨ ♣ ✇ ⑤ ① ❶ ⑩ ❷ ✇ r ③ ⑦ ♣ ✇ ⑥ ⑤ ② ④ ✇ ⑤ ② s ✇ ① s ✇ t ♣ ✇ ④ s ① q ⑦ s ✇ t ⑤ ✈ ❶ ✇ t ♣ ⑩ ✇⑨ ⑧ s ✇ ⑦ s A Problem in Translation from German to English ⑩❺❹ ✉❅✈ q✹s q✹r

➑ ➎ ➐ ➂ ➆ ➂ ➂ ➐ ➁ ❾ ➂ ➄ ❽ ➁ ❾ ❿ ➒ ➑ ❿ ➃ ➓ ➎ ➃ ➂ ❿ ➀ ➅ ➄ → ➐ ➇ ➀ → ➀ ➀ ➎ ❼ ➃ ➀ ➎ ➄ ➋ ➐ ❿ ❿ ➇ ➄ ➃ ➀ ➃ ➃ ❽ ➉ ❽ ➃ ➀➈ ❿ ➇ ➆ ➃ ➅ ❿ ❿ ➊ ➄ ➃ ❿ ➃ ➈ ➎ ➃ ❿ ❼ ➍ ➃ ➃ ➋ ➁ ➁ ➃ ❼ ❿ ➃ ➏❅➐ A Problem in Translation from German to English ➄➌➋ ➄✵→ ➄➌➔ ➁❅➂ ❽✹❿ ❽✹❾

➥ âã ➪ Ñ ➪➘ ➮ ✃ ➪ Ò Ò Ö Ú Û Þß ä ➹ â à å â æ ä è Ü â é ß â à ➪➘ ➘ ç ➬ ➷ ➬ ➶ ❰ ➹ ➱ Ï ❒ ➮ Ð ❒ ➪ Ô ➪ ➪ ➘ ➘ ➪ ➘ ✃ ➪ Ó ➪ ➶ ➘ ➪ ➾ Ï ä Þ ➴ ➡ ➧ õ ➭ ➧ ➠ ➤ ➧ ò ➧ ➥ ➠ ➸ ➥ ➥ ➢ ➦ ➠ ➢ ➡➢ ➤ ➠ ➢ ➠ ➤ ö ➯ ñ ➨ ➭ ➦ ä Þ å â æ ì Þ ã Þ í â Ü ä ä ç ä ñ Ü è é ç Þ Ü ß î ➛ ï ➝ ñ ➭ ➪ ➮ ➘ ❐ ➪ ➘ ➹ ➪ ➘ ➴ ➪➷ ➬ ➶ ➮ ➱ ✃ ➾ ➪ ➱ ➪ ➘ ➹ ➪ ➘ ❰ ➹ ➱ Ï ➪ ➮ Ð ➻ ➹ ➪ ➯➲ ➛ ➡➢ ➤ ➠ ➢ ➥ ➦ ➠ ➧ ➡ ➨ ➢➩ ➠ ➨ ➪➶ ➭ ➲ ➠ ➳ ➵ ➠ ➢ ➸ ➭ ➯ ➺ ➾ ➚ ❒ ❒ ➘ ➼ ➾ ➻ ➘ ➘ ➘ ➪ ➹ ➘ Õ ➪ ➻ ➹ ➬ ➾ ➚ ➪ ➶ ➹ ➪ ➱ ✃ ❐ ➾ ➱ ➪ Ô ➪ Ò ➪ ➘ ➪ ➹ Ñ ➪ ➘ ➮ ✃ ➪ Ò ➘ ➘ ✃ ➪ ➪ Ó ➘ ➪➶ ➘ ➪ ➾ Ï ➪ A Sketch of Our Approach ➠◗ô ❒➽❮ äëê ➫❅➭ ❒➽❮ çÝèé ➠◗ô ➾➞➘ ßáà ➜➞➝ ➫óò ÛÝÜ ➟✹➠ ð✹ñ ×ÙØ ➻➽➼ ⇒ ➣↕↔✵➙ ➣↕↔✵➙

ý ✞ ✏ ✒ ü ✏ þ ý ÷ ý þ ☎ ü ✝ ✗ ý ✟ ✄ ✌ ✆ þ ✕ ✎ ✆ ✟ ✍ ú þ ✎ ✓ þ ý ✁ þ ✞ þ ✞ þ ✎ ✂ ✟ ✝ ✝ þ ú þ ✎ ✆ ✎ ÷ ✎ ý ✟ ✏ ✎ ✟ ✝ ✟ ✓ ü ✞ þ ✟ ✄✌ ú ☎ ✠ þ ✄ þ ✎ ✞ ý ✏ ✏ ☛ ✒ ✟ ý ✞ ✟ ✓ ü ✆ ✆ ✄ ý ☎ ✞ ü ✞ þ ✂ ú ✒ ✆ þ þ ✝ ✝ ✞ þ ý ✟ ✄✌ ✆ þ ✍ ü ☛ ☎ ü ù ü ✎ ✂ ✆ þ ✂ ✟ ✝ ✝ ✞ ✆ ú ✂ ø üý þ ÿ ✁ üý þ ✂ ✄☎ þ þ ✆ ý ☎ ✝ ✝ þ ú ü ú ✟ þ ✟ ☎ ✍ þ ù ü ✠ þ ü ✏ ☎ ✂ ✎ ✟ ✂ þ ü ☎ ✝ ✞ ù þ ✂ ✆ ✆ ✑ ✎ ☎ ú ✂ þ ú ÷ ü ✟ ✏ ú ✒ ✟ ý ✞ ☎ ✍ ✏ ✂ ✆☞☛ ✟✡✠ ✟✡✠ Motivation ☛✖✕ ✟✔✓ ✟✡✠ ùûú

❍ ❀ ❉ ✘ ❅ ✢ ❀ ✥ ✫ ✾ ✥ ✤ ✢ ✾ ❄ ✾ ✾ ★ ❁ ❀ ✾ ❆ ✘ ✤ ✧ ❀ ✥ ✤ ❀ ✚ ✘ ★ ✾ ★ ● ❀ ✾ ✣ ✥ ✣ ■ ✘ ❍ ✾ ● ✧ ❄ ❀ ✥ ✫ ❋ ❀ ❊ ✘ ✤ ✥ ✛ ❀ ❅ ✤ ❄ ✴ ✷ ✰ ✵ ✴ ✮ ✶ ✳ ✮ ✵ ✳ ✮ ✱✲✳ ✵ ✬ ✛ ★ ✚ ✥ ✫ ✥ ✧★ ✥ ✣ ✢ ❀ ✶ ✺ ✰ ✤ ✼ ✘ ✮✰ ✻ ✷ ✰ ✫ ✻ ❃ ✤ ✺ ✹ ✮ ✮ ✰ ✸ ✬ ✮ ✰ ✫ Overview ✚✪✩ ✚✜✛ ✚✜✦ ❀❂❁ ✚✜✤ ✭✯✮✰ ✽✿✾ ❇✪❈ ✙✚✜✛

❨ ❯ ❙ ❑ ▲ ▼ ❜ ❵ ❯ ❧ ❨ ❯ ❦ ❨ ❨ ✐ ✐ ❤ ❯ ❦ ▼ ❯ ❥ ✐ ◗ ❤ ❱ ❯ ❘ ❚ ❑ ❢ ✐ ❜ ♥ ❚ ❚ ❑ ❵ ▲ ▼ ❜ ❵ ❯ ▼ ❯ ▲ ❯ ❙ ❜ ♣ ▲ ❘ ❘ ❖ ❥ ❤ ❨ ❯ ❦ ❨ ❵ ❑ P ❯ ❲ ❜ ❖ ▲ ❖ ❚ ❜ ❨ ❖ ❬ ▼ ❩ ❜ ❯ ▲ ❖ ❳ ❲ ❱ ❚ ❚❯ ❙ ❑ ❘ ◗ ❝ ❨ ❜ ❑ ❚ ❘ ◗ ❚ ❢ ▼ ❡ ❯ ❡ ❘ ❡ ❙ ❑ ❬ ▼ ❯ ❩ ❯ ▲ ❘ ❖ ❣ ❑ ❖✜♠ German Sentence Structure ❖✜❨ ❴❛❵ ❭❫❪ ❜♦♥ ❖✜❨ ❖✪P ▲◆▼ ❨❂❞ ❏✜❑ ❖✜❨

① ②❾ r ③ ① ④ ❶ ④ ① ④ ✈ ④ ✇ q ③ ✇ ✈ ⑥ ⑧ ④ ⑥ ❸ ②❾ ② s ✉ ④ ❶ ❸ ✇ ① ✇ ④ ⑥ ④ ④ ❸ ③ ② ❻ ③ r t ❻ ② ❻ ③ ➀ ⑦t ① ① r ① ④ t ❿ ① ④ ❾ ❻ ④ ① ✉ ④ s ④ ❷ ❻ ✉ ❸ r ② ⑥ ⑤ ① ✇ ⑦ ✇ s ✉ ④ ❶ t ✇ ⑩ ④ ⑨ ⑧ ⑦ ④ ⑦ r ② ⑥ ⑤ ③ ② ⑤ ✈ ② ⑦ ❷ ③ ② ⑦ ④ ✈ ④ ⑤ ④ ✉ ❸ s ✉ ④ ❶ ⑦ ✇ ❷ ✇ ③ ① ② ✈ t ⑦ ✇ ✇ ❺ t ① ⑨ ❹ t ① ④ German Sentence Structure ③◆④ ⑥✿❸ ③◆④ ③➂➁ ③◆④ ✇✜① ✇✜① ③◆④ s✿t✉ ❼✪❽ q✔r ✇✜①

➐ ➤ ➏ ➇ ➉ ➜ ➉ ➡ ➒ ➩ ➈ ➈ ➓ ➟ ➨ ➧ ➒ ➦ ➐ ➏ ➠ ➑ ➑ ➅ ➇ ➒ ➜ ➏ ➇ ➉ ➜ ➇ ➉ ➈ ➏ ➠ ➑ ➑ ➅ ➇ ➔ ➏ ➣ ➠ ➏ ➒ ➩ ➈ ➅ ➓ ➟ ➵ ➲ ➤ ➳ ➭ ➲ ➢ ➐ ➏ ➠ ➑ ➑ ➜ ➡ ➒ ➏ ➅ ➎ ➛ ➒ ➎ ➉ ➙ ↕ ➔ ➑ ➐ ➏ ➒ ➐ ➇ → ➒ ➐ ➉ ➓ ➒ ➐➑ ➎➏ ➍ ➋➌ ➊ ➇ ➅➆ ➅ ➐ ➇ ➓ ➒ ➈ ➈ ➓ ➣ ➟ ➞ ➐ ➏ ➓ ➉ ➒ ➑ ➠ ➏ ➇ ➏ ➒ ➑ ➜ ➓ ➝ ➐ ➓ ➅➜ ➔ ➏ ➈↔➣ Free Word Order ➒➂➔ ➈✿➉ ➫➯➭ ➃✪➄ ➢➥➤

Ö ❐ ❐ Ó ➾ ➸ Ð ➽ ➪ ➻ ➷ ➱ ➪ ➚ ➽ ➸ ➱ ➱ ➹ Ï ❐ × ➸ Ö ➱ ➘ Õ Ï ➪ ❐ ➷ Ô ❐ ➸ ➚ ➪ ➼ ❐ ➱ ➪ ➷ ➬ ➸ ➼ ➘ ➻ ➪ ➪ ➷ ➹➘ Õ ➪ ➘ ➾ ➽ ➱ ❐ ➚ ➘ ➪ ❒ ❐ ➱ ➸ ➚ ➹ ❐ ➾ ➱ ➚ Ð ➚ Ï ❐ ➚ ➷ ❰ ➻✡➴ Overview ➻✔➼ ➻✔➶ ❐❮❒ ➻✔➚ ➮✃➱ Ñ✡Ò ➺➻✔➼

ã Þ Þ ä ì Ú â ô Þ Ú Ù õ ì ã Þ ã Ù è å â ó ã Þ Þ Ü Þ ë à ä ã Þ Û Ù å ô Û âã Ü Ü Û ô ì Ú â â ì ä Þ Û ê èé âç Ú æ ä á ã ã à âã ß Ý Û Ü Ø Ú Ý ç ò è ò Þ Ý Ý à è á ñ ã Þ Ù (E.g., Och et. al, 1999; Marcu & Wong, 2002; Koehn et al., ëðï Þðï ìîí à✜ë Phrase-based Systems ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ä↔å à✜á Ý✿Þ 2003) Ù✿ÚÛ