Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority September 6, 2016 Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 1 / 22

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Scope of Presentation Introduction 1 Spectrum Availability for Mobile Broadband 2 Spectrum as a resource 3 Spectrum as an Economic resource 4 Spectrum for Broadband Applications in Tanzania 5 Internet penetration in Tanzania 6 Mobile Broadband Opportunities and challenges Conclusion 7 Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 2 / 22

Introduction Spectrum underpins our modern lives. We can’t see or feel it, but 1 without it we would have no mobile phones, no TV and radio, no radar, no Wi-Fi, no safety of life services ...the list goes on. We know we cannot make more of it, though we can use it more 2 efficiently As the number of wireless devices and the traffic that flows over 3 them continues to grow, more efficient use of available spectrum is needed to keep up with the demand Spectrum is the core asset for the wireless economy 4 Data, data, data: These days we all need to handle more and 5 more data and that takes bandwidth. Internet has become an integral part of people’s lives

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum Availability for Mobile Broadband What is Radio Spectrum The radio spectrum is that part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to radio frequencies (RF) RF range → 3 kHz to 300 GHz Electromagnetic waves in this frequency range → radio waves The airwaves over which all wireless communications devices (televisions, mobile phones, tablets, radios, microphones and more) communicate To manage access to spectrum, regulators allocate different bands of frequencies for different uses and establish technical rules → minimize harmful interference Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 4 / 22

Radio Spectrum Some parts of the spectrum have greater demand, e.g. VHF/UHF bands due to better propagation conditions Figure: Range of Radio Spectrum

Spectrum as an Economic Resource Spectrum can be in short supply in areas of high demand 1 Mobile operators are assigned a finite amount of spectrum, which 2 must be shared among all their users in the vicinity of the same cell tower. An increased number of users - each sending and receiving 3 Internet traffic - leads to more congestion, particularly in crowded areas of cities Spectrum demand is localized, it can only be used to provide 4 services in a given territory. Spectrum cannot be stored, there is no reason to hoard it for later use, as a country might save oil reserves for use or sale later

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum for Broadband Applications in Tanzania Spectrum for Broadband Applications Mobile Communications: 900MHz, 1800MHz, 2100MHz 1 Carrier Aggregation 2.3, 2.5 and 3.5 GHz 2 Mobile Wimax Band 2.3, 2.5 and 3.5 GHz 3 Digital Dividend Spectrum: 700 MHz and 800 MHz 4 The digital dividend refers to the spectrum released in the process of digital television transition. Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 7 / 22

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum for Broadband Applications in Tanzania Digital Dividend (DD) Part of the electromagnetic spectrum that has been used for broadcasting is now freed up because digital television needs less spectrum than analog television. Digital compression technology can transmit numerous digital TV channels using the same amount of spectrum used to transmit one analogue TV channel. The Authority is planning to auction part of the digital dividends at frequency bands 694 to 790 MHz (UHF) for Mobile Communications. Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 8 / 22

Definition A spectrum auction is a process whereby an auction system is used to sell the rights (licences) to transmit signals over specific bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and to assign scarce spectrum resources. It is a step toward market-based spectrum management and privatisation of public airwaves

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum for Broadband Applications in Tanzania Auctions Advantages Transparent and economically efficient 1 Disadvantages May lead to higher prices 1 Auction design can be complex 2 Temptation to use auctions to generate revenue 3 Alternatives to auctions include administrative licensing, such as the comparative hearings conducted historically → beauty contests Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 10 / 22

Spectrum for 4G (LTE and LTE Advance) The rolling out of 4G requires both the availability of licensed airwaves (spectrum) and investment in infrastructure. Digital Dividend (700MHz) → one of the prominent band for 4G Spectrum is a critical mobile infrastructure 4G will bring high-speed connectivity → entertainment, media and e-commerce, are set to benefit from faster and more reliable mobile data services

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Internet penetration in Tanzania Internet The Internet has changed the world. According to the ITU about 3.2 billion people, or almost half of the world’s population, will be online by the end of 2015 Number of Internet users in Tanzania is estimated to be 17,263,523 as of December 2015. Mobile access to the Internet is an instrumental in bringing millions of people online. Internet access is increasingly shifting to broadband and, in particular, mobile broadband access using a smart device Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 12 / 22

Trend of Internet Users in Tanzania × 10 7 2 Fixed Wireless Number of Internet Users Mobile Wireless Fixed Wired 1.5 1 0.5 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 YEAR × 10 7 2 Fixed Wireless Number of Internet Users Mobile Wireless Fixed Wired 1.5 1 0.5 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 YEAR

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Internet penetration in Tanzania Mobile Broadband What is Broadband Various definitions of broadband exist, no single, standardized definition It is here defined as sufficient bandwidth to permit combined provision of voice, data and video. Speed should be greater than 256 kbps, as the sum of capacity in both directions. Broadband is viewed as an ecosystem consisting of supply and demand components Mobile broadband growth rates have exceeds the significant rate of growth of fixed broadband access. The world is shifting from narrowband to broadband Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 14 / 22

Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Internet penetration in Tanzania Mobile Broadband Mobile broadband Internet access The coverage of mobile broadband access is expanding significantly Mobile broadband access is becoming increasingly important relative to all other forms of Internet access It does not just liberate us from the constraints of a wired connection, but it offers to millions of Tanzanians their only, or primary , means of accessing the Internet. It offers new functionality in combination with portable smart devices. Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 15 / 22

Models for broadband roll out National ICT Broadband Backbone (NICTBB) → Government-owned broadband network.

Impact of Broadband on Gross Domestic Product Broadband is a major contributor to economic growth 10% increase in the penetration rate of broadband in developing countries is associated with a 1.4% increase in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Higher than the equivalent relationship for developed countries The developing world has adopted mobile broadband much more readily than tethered ones As mobile broadband becomes more readily available, a further boost to growth can be expected.

Driving Demand for Broadband Networks and Services How to generate demand for broadband services and applications? Figure: Broadband Ecosystem The impacts of broadband on other sectors (education, health, finance, environment, and transportation).