SLIDE 1 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania
CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority September 6, 2016
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 1 / 22
SLIDE 2 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania
Scope of Presentation
1
Introduction
2
Spectrum Availability for Mobile Broadband
3
Spectrum as a resource
4
Spectrum as an Economic resource
5
Spectrum for Broadband Applications in Tanzania
6
Internet penetration in Tanzania Mobile Broadband Opportunities and challenges
7
Conclusion
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 2 / 22
SLIDE 3 Introduction
1
Spectrum underpins our modern lives. We can’t see or feel it, but without it we would have no mobile phones, no TV and radio, no radar, no Wi-Fi, no safety of life services ...the list goes on.
2
We know we cannot make more of it, though we can use it more efficiently
3
As the number of wireless devices and the traffic that flows over them continues to grow, more efficient use of available spectrum is needed to keep up with the demand
4
Spectrum is the core asset for the wireless economy
5
Data, data, data: These days we all need to handle more and more data and that takes bandwidth. Internet has become an integral part of people’s lives
SLIDE 4 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum Availability for Mobile Broadband
What is Radio Spectrum
The radio spectrum is that part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to radio frequencies (RF) RF range → 3kHz to 300GHz Electromagnetic waves in this frequency range → radio waves The airwaves over which all wireless communications devices (televisions, mobile phones, tablets, radios, microphones and more) communicate To manage access to spectrum, regulators allocate different bands of frequencies for different uses and establish technical rules → minimize harmful interference
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 4 / 22
SLIDE 5
Radio Spectrum
Some parts of the spectrum have greater demand, e.g. VHF/UHF bands due to better propagation conditions
Figure: Range of Radio Spectrum
SLIDE 6 Spectrum as an Economic Resource
1
Spectrum can be in short supply in areas of high demand
2
Mobile operators are assigned a finite amount of spectrum, which must be shared among all their users in the vicinity of the same cell tower.
3
An increased number of users - each sending and receiving Internet traffic - leads to more congestion, particularly in crowded areas of cities
4
Spectrum demand is localized, it can only be used to provide services in a given territory. Spectrum cannot be stored, there is no reason to hoard it for later use, as a country might save oil reserves for use or sale later
SLIDE 7 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum for Broadband Applications in Tanzania
Spectrum for Broadband Applications
1
Mobile Communications: 900MHz, 1800MHz, 2100MHz
2
Carrier Aggregation 2.3, 2.5 and 3.5 GHz
3
Mobile Wimax Band 2.3, 2.5 and 3.5 GHz
4
Digital Dividend Spectrum: 700 MHz and 800 MHz The digital dividend refers to the spectrum released in the process of digital television transition.
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 7 / 22
SLIDE 8 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum for Broadband Applications in Tanzania
Digital Dividend (DD)
Part of the electromagnetic spectrum that has been used for broadcasting is now freed up because digital television needs less spectrum than analog television. Digital compression technology can transmit numerous digital TV channels using the same amount of spectrum used to transmit
The Authority is planning to auction part of the digital dividends at frequency bands 694 to 790 MHz (UHF) for Mobile Communications.
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 8 / 22
SLIDE 9
Definition
A spectrum auction is a process whereby an auction system is used to sell the rights (licences) to transmit signals over specific bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and to assign scarce spectrum resources. It is a step toward market-based spectrum management and privatisation of public airwaves
SLIDE 10 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Spectrum for Broadband Applications in Tanzania
Auctions
Advantages
1
Transparent and economically efficient
Disadvantages
1
May lead to higher prices
2
Auction design can be complex
3
Temptation to use auctions to generate revenue
Alternatives to auctions include administrative licensing, such as the comparative hearings conducted historically → beauty contests
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 10 / 22
SLIDE 11
Spectrum for 4G (LTE and LTE Advance)
The rolling out of 4G requires both the availability of licensed airwaves (spectrum) and investment in infrastructure. Digital Dividend (700MHz) → one of the prominent band for 4G Spectrum is a critical mobile infrastructure 4G will bring high-speed connectivity → entertainment, media and e-commerce, are set to benefit from faster and more reliable mobile data services
SLIDE 12 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Internet penetration in Tanzania
Internet
The Internet has changed the world. According to the ITU about 3.2 billion people, or almost half of the world’s population, will be online by the end of 2015 Number of Internet users in Tanzania is estimated to be 17,263,523 as of December 2015. Mobile access to the Internet is an instrumental in bringing millions
Internet access is increasingly shifting to broadband and, in particular, mobile broadband access using a smart device
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
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SLIDE 13 Trend of Internet Users in Tanzania
YEAR
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number of Internet Users
×107 0.5 1 1.5 2
Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Fixed Wired
YEAR
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number of Internet Users
×107 0.5 1 1.5 2
Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Fixed Wired
SLIDE 14 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Internet penetration in Tanzania Mobile Broadband
What is Broadband
Various definitions of broadband exist, no single, standardized definition It is here defined as sufficient bandwidth to permit combined provision of voice, data and video. Speed should be greater than 256 kbps, as the sum of capacity in both directions. Broadband is viewed as an ecosystem consisting of supply and demand components Mobile broadband growth rates have exceeds the significant rate
- f growth of fixed broadband access.
The world is shifting from narrowband to broadband
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 14 / 22
SLIDE 15 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Internet penetration in Tanzania Mobile Broadband
Mobile broadband Internet access
The coverage of mobile broadband access is expanding significantly Mobile broadband access is becoming increasingly important relative to all other forms of Internet access It does not just liberate us from the constraints of a wired connection, but it offers to millions of Tanzanians their only, or primary, means of accessing the Internet. It offers new functionality in combination with portable smart devices.
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 15 / 22
SLIDE 16
Models for broadband roll out
National ICT Broadband Backbone (NICTBB) → Government-owned broadband network.
SLIDE 17
Impact of Broadband on Gross Domestic Product
Broadband is a major contributor to economic growth 10% increase in the penetration rate of broadband in developing countries is associated with a 1.4% increase in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Higher than the equivalent relationship for developed countries The developing world has adopted mobile broadband much more readily than tethered ones As mobile broadband becomes more readily available, a further boost to growth can be expected.
SLIDE 18
Driving Demand for Broadband Networks and Services
How to generate demand for broadband services and applications?
Figure: Broadband Ecosystem
The impacts of broadband on other sectors (education, health, finance, environment, and transportation).
SLIDE 19 Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania Internet penetration in Tanzania Opportunities and challenges
Bridging the digital divide
Majority of the Tanzanian population has no access to the Internet it is important to differentiate those who could afford to go online, but choose not to, from those who do not have access or could not afford it. Mobile Internet availability, affordability, and relevance to potential users There are still significant differences dividing the Internet experience in Tanzania. The digital divide measured in terms of differences in access to communications and the one measured in terms of differences in quality of access.
- Dr. Emmanuel Manasseh CPRsouth 2016 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority
Spectrum and Broadband Models in Tanzania September 6, 2016 19 / 22
SLIDE 20 Developing National Strategies and policies
1
National Broadband Strategy
To make sure everyone in Tanzania has access to fast, reliable broadband services A Framework for Broadband Development → strategic options and recommendations Broadband Action Plan
2
National Spectrum policy
Set the framework that help to make the right choices Delivering the best value (economic and social ) from spectrum
3
National Cyber Security Strategy
Protecting and promoting Tanzania in a digital world Tackle cyber crime and be the most secure places to do business in cyberspace Resilient to cyber attacks and Protect our interests in cyberspace Have knowledge, skills and capability needed to underpin all our cyber security objectives
SLIDE 21
Conclusion
Effective use of spectrum can make a big difference to a country’s prosperity, especially where communications are heavily reliant upon wireless technologies such as mobile phones. Spectrum Management remains the crucial factor in wise and efficient utilization of radio spectrum resource. Broadband can enable growth and productivity throughout the economy, provided that appropriate and specific policies are designed, developed, and effectively implemented. Identify issues and challenges in broadband development, analyze potential solutions to consider.
SLIDE 22
Thank You
Thank You
