SOURCES OF PFAA S AND PBDE EXPOSURE ON ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND AK CHE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SOURCES OF PFAA S AND PBDE EXPOSURE ON ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND AK CHE 11/1015 1

PCB contamination PCBs 6 PCBs US average 4 ppb ww 2 0 Gambell Savoonga FUD site 2

Pesticide contamination 900 Serum Pesticide Concentrations 800 mean and standard deviation 700 600 ng/g lw 500 400 300 200 100 0 Sum-DDT Sum-Chlordane Hexachloro- Mirex benzene Gambell Savoonga NEC military site 3

Other Sources of Exposure? • Global transport and distillation • Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic • Traditional diets • Consumption of long lived and high trophic level animals • Long heating season • Low air exchange and potential for accumulation of indoor pollution 4

PFAAs Characteristics • Utilized for a variety commercial and industrial applications • Surfactants, stain and water proofing, cookware, food packaging, firefighting foams • Persistent and bioaccumulative Health Effects • Evidence for immunotoxicity • Reduced Fertility • Thyroid hormone disruption Sources • Diet, and indoor dust and air Image: Wikimedia Commons 5 PFOS-2D-skeletal.png

PBDES Characteristics • Flame retardants added to numerous consumer products: furniture, electronic, fabric • Persistent, bioacummulative Health effects • Cognitive/behavioral effects in children • Anti-androgenic effects and reduced fertility • Thyroid hormone disruption Sources • House dust and animal products in diet Image: Wikimedia commons PBDE-209.png

Overall Study Design Indoor exposure • Dust sample Human biomonitoring Health outcome from 49 homes Serum Samples from Thyroid hormone 86 individuals (f)T 3 , (f)T 4 , TSH ages 18-45 Environmental ~One man and one monitoring women from each • Sentinel Fish home 7

RESULTS Median and 95th percentile among Males Median and 95th percentile among Females 50 50 40 40 ng/ml 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 PFOA PFNA PFDA PFUnA PFHxS PFOS PFOA PFNA PFDA PFUnA PFHxS PFOS SLI US SLI US 8 SLI= St. Lawrence Island US= United States general population ages 18-45, 07-08 NHANES

Relative concentrations In Dust and Serum 70 60 50 Percent Total 40 30 20 10 0 PFPeA PFHxA PFHpA PFOA PFNA PFDA PFUnA PFDoA PFBS PFHxS PFOS Dust Serum 9

Median and 95th percentiles among Males Median and 95th percentiles among females 100 100 80 80 ng/g lipid 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 BDE_47 BDE_99 BDE_100BDE_153BDE_183BDE_209 BDE_47 BDE_99 BDE_100 BDE_153 BDE_183 BDE_209 SLI US SLI US SLI= St. Lawrence Island US= United States general population ages 20-39, 07-08 NHANES 10

Relative concentrations in Dust and Serum 70 60 Percent Total 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dust Serum 11

Comparison by village Gambell vs. Savoonga 80 ppb in blood 60 40 20 0 PBDE PFC Gambell Savoonga 12

PBDEs in Stickleback 1400 ppb (ng/g) lipid weight 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Troutman Lake Tapi River FUD site BDE-47 BDE-99 BDE-153 BDE-209 Total PBDE 13

PFAAs in Stickleback 20 ppb (ng/g) wt weight 15 10 5 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Troutman Lake Tapi River FUD site PFOA PFNA PFOS 14

What have we learned so far?  Where is PBDE exposure coming from?  We think that dust is an important source of PBDEs  PBDEs are present in fish on the island, and diet is probably a source of PBDEs  Where are PFAAs coming from?  We think dust a minor source of PFAAs  A few PFAAs are higher on SLI than in the general US population  Diet is probably an important source of PFAAs, especially PFNA and PFUNA  Stickleback data suggest both PBDEs and PFAAs are accumulating on the Island  In general, the same PBDEs and PFAAs are present in humans and stickleback 15