Social security data and indicators y Social security Social - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

• Social security data and indicators

y

Social security Social security

• covers all measures providing benefits, whether in

p g f , cash or in kind, to secure protection, inter alia, from (a) lack of work-related income (or insufficient income) d b i k di bilit t it l t caused by sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member; ; (b) lack of access or unaffordable access to health care; (c) insufficient family support, particularly for children and adult dependants; (d) general poverty and social exclusion

Social security Social security

(1) Medical care, (2) Income support in the form of cash sickness benefits, (3) Protection in disability, (4) Protection in old age, (5) P t ti f i i f d th f f il b (5) Protection of survivors in case of death of a family member (“breadwinner”) (6) Protection in maternity, (7) Protection in “responsibility for the maintenance of children” (8) Protection in unemployment (9) Protection in case of employment injury (9) Protection in case of employment injury: (10) General protection against poverty and social exclusion through social assistance

DW Indicators

• Share of population above the statutory retirement age (aged 65 or

above) benefiting from an old age pension P bli i l i di ( f GDP)

• Public social security expenditure (percentage of GDP)
• Health expenditure not financed by private households
• Share of economically active population contributing to a pension scheme
• Share of eligible population covered by (basic) health care provision
• Public expenditure on needs‐based cash income support (% of GDP)

Public expenditure on needs based cash income support (% of GDP)

• Beneficiaries of cash income support (% of the poor)
• Sick leave

Sh f li ibl l ti b fiti f l t i

• Share of eligible population benefiting from unemployment insurance
• Ratio of average old age pension received to minimum wage

Sources of data | Administrative versus Household survey data Administrative versus Household survey data

Administrative data Administrative data

– The « classical » source of social security data – Data (which should be) routinely collected by institutions

running social protection programmes

Household survey data

Primary data collection with a questionnaire from a sample

– Primary data collection with a questionnaire from a sample

• f the population

Sources: Administrative data (1)

The « classical » Data (which should be) routinely collected by institutions

─ Data (which should be) routinely collected by institutions

running social protection programmes

─ Information on beneficiaries, benefits & the covered

population indispensable to properly manage, monitor and evaluate a scheme

─ Not specifically collected for research purposes

p y p p Main advantages (ideally)

─ Few additional costs: data collected routinely by the schemes

Few additional costs: data collected routinely by the schemes

─ Comprehensive as all recipients are contained within the

dataset

Sources | Administrative data

Drawbacks regarding coverage

─ Administrative data usually contain information on those groups of the

population that are covered but not on those who are not covered.

─ While administrative data can be used to estimate the extent of coverage,

they usually do not provide any insights on the causes and effects of non‐ coverage coverage.

─ Eligible non‐recipients usually are not captured ─ Possible double‐counting in case of multiple benefits received by the same

person person

And …

─ Often poor quality and availability of such data in absence of properly

managed records and information system

─ Multiplicity of sources (multiplicity of schemes and programmes) and lack

• f coordination at the national level

Diffi lt t t h th t l i ibl

─ Difficult to capture schemes that are less visible

How to | Sources Household survey data Household survey data

• Complementary to administrative data

Why?

• Overcome some of the problems encountered with administrative data
• Allows crosstabulation and deeper analysis
• Most appropriate source for identifying existing gaps in coverage

pp p y g g g p g – Information on potential beneficiaries & their characteristics – Analyse the causes and effects of the absence of coverage Information on the distribution of specific risks among the population – Information on the distribution of specific risks among the population – Some information to evaluate what can be the options for extension of coverage

• Appropriate tool for the analysis of
• Appropriate tool for the analysis of

– Distributional effects of social protection (poverty impacts) – Evaluation of the programme and impact analysis

Sources Household survey data y

Drawbacks?

At present only a few developing countries include

questions on social security in their regular survey | Generally not very precise and not fully exploited Generally not very precise and not fully exploited

Cost (household surveys can be very expensive)

S li th d t t l t lt

Sampling method to extrapolate survey results:

sometimes limited

Module of questions on SP ‐ Examples of questions: social security coverage social security coverage

Coverage Which benefits are the schemes th t i t t To be adapted to national circumstances Are you yourself covered by any of the following schemes? Does the scheme also cover your family? that are covering you, meant to provide? (multiple answers)

Medical care – sickness, injury Medical care – maternity

• Social security system
• Public Service Pension scheme
• Parastatal Pension Fund
• Government & Local Authorities Employees

y

Sickness Work injury/ occupational disease

benefits I lidit b fit Government & Local Authorities Employees Provident Fund

• Medical Services and Social Welfare
• Medical care supported by an employer
• Commercial insurance

Invalidity benefits Old-age pension Funeral costs

Survivor’s benefits

• Community‐based insurance scheme

Have you ever received any benefit from one

• f these schemes?

Survivor s benefits Maternity benefits Unemployment benefits Education for family members Education for family members

Module of questions on social protection

Examples of questions

Risks:

During the last twelve months has one or

Coping mechanisms

How did the household cope with the During the last twelve months, has one, or several of the events listed below seriously affected your household’s ability to pay the most necessary expenses?

• Birth of a child (and pregnancy)

How did the household cope with the financial effects of these events?

• Spent savings
• Sold machine, equipment or other asset used

to generate income

• Hospitalization of income earning member |
• ther member of the family
• Other medical costs
• Death of income earning member | other

member of the household

• Sold harvest in advance
• Sold other asset
• Took out mortgage on asset or house
• Borrowed money from a bank
• Borrowed money from money lenders

member of the household

• Permanent disability or illness
• Temporary disability
• Loss of job/employment/work
• Retirement from employment

Borrowed money from money lenders

• Borrowed money from other source
• Worked longer hours
• Sent children to work
• Received support from state/ government

/public entity

• Retirement from employment
• Natural disaster
• Business failure
• Harvest failure
• Loss or destruction of property

/public entity

• Received support from family or friends
• Received support from church, NGO, or other

non-public actors

• Received support from cooperatives or

professional associations

• Loss or destruction of property
• Other (Specify)

professional associations

• Other (Specify)

• The ILO social security inquiry and examples
• The ILO social security inquiry and examples
• f indicators
• Building a knowledge base at the global level
• Building a knowledge base at the global level

Objective: Collect, store and disseminate, on a regular and

sustainable basis, comparable statistics on the financing, expenditure, benefit levels & coverage of social protection systems/programmes. g p y p g

Rationale: Address the lack of (comparable) social protection statistics

• utside the OECD world

Guided tour | Screen shots: “a guided tour in the inquiry”

Levels of information & sources

What?

− Economic & financial information − Population & Employment

Used as denominator for indicators

National level

• 1. Generic text… to be customised

− Social security expenditure & revenue (IMF, ESSPROS) Sources

I t ti l d t − International data sources (automatic insertion) − National sources

SSI Core data

Scheme level

• 2. Data availability in SSI Thailand

& main limitations SSI Core data Social security institutions | individual scheme data Data entry online possible

• 3. Main social security

i i i b i i i l Automatic calculation of national aggegate indicators institutions websites, statistical

• ffice, Gess country profile if any,

etc.

Pensions|

Proportion of elderly receiving a pension:

Africa

Lesotho Namibia South Africa Mauritius Rwanda Congo, Democratic Morocco Congo Mozambique Algeria Tunisia Lesotho

Mainly contributory schemes

Non-contributory schemes or combination of

b th

Zi b b Mauritania Cameroon Côte dIvoire Zambia Djibouti Senegal Rwanda

In many countries between 5-15 percent of elderly receive an old age pension The majority of people work in the informal d th t d b both

uiry

G i Togo Tanzania, United Rep. Burundi Ghana Sudan Niger Zimbabwe

economy and are thus not covered by any contributory social security scheme. in addition to contributory schemes for those in the formal economy, universal pensions (Lesotho, Mauritius and Namibia)

security inqu

Sierra Leone Uganda Burkina Faso Chad Benin Gambia Guinea g

• r social assistance pensions which reach a

large section of the population (South Africa)

e: ILO Social

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Old-age pensioners (all ages) as a proportion of the elderly population (%)

Source

Pensions|

Proportion of elderly receiving a pension: Worldwide

uiry

Regional estimates | Share of population above legal retirement age in receipt of a pension (%)

security inqu

receipt of a pension (%)

92.7 87.3 75.6 3

40 60 80 100

centage

Old age coverage < 20% Percentage of elderly receiving an old age

e: ILO Social

50.3 40.2 27.3 17.6 40.2

20 40

Western Central and North Latin America World Asia and the Middle East Africa

Perc

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receiving an old age retirement pension

Source

Europe Eastern Europe America and the Caribbean Pacific

WSSR | Indicators and further analysis

Unemployment: Type of programme

WSSR | Indicators and further analysis

Unemployment: statutory coverage

WSSR | Indicators and further analysis

Unemployed receiving unemployment benefits

Unemployment: statutory coverage

Regional estimates Percentage of unemployed receiving unemployment benefits (%)

80

44.9 8 22.8 .3 0.1

40 60

Percentage

Non-contributory schemes Contributory schemes

No statutory unemployment scheme

4 36.8 25.6 22.7 13.5 5.7 2.2 0.7 9.9 0.7 1

20

P

16

Western Europe North America CIS Central and Eastern Europe World Asia Latin America Arab States Africa

International sources | Social protection databases

I t ti l L b Offi

• International Labour Office
• GESS (Statistics main page)
• Social Security Statistics (ILO website)
• ILO Social Security Inquiry
• Cost of Social security
• Social Security Expenditure Database
• Micro-insurance scheme database

U

f l li k @

• Micro insurance scheme database

–

EU | European Union

• EUROPA - Eurostat
• Europa - Social Protection

–

IMF | International Monetary Fund

• Government Finance Statistics Yearbook

Useful links @

• IMF Government Finance Statistics

–

ISSA | International Social Security Association

• ISSA members
• ISSA database

–

OECD

S i l E dit D t b (SOCX OECD)

• Manuals and useful docs

– ILO ILO Social Security Inquiry

• Social Expenditure Database (SOCX OECD)

–

Japan

• Social Security Japan

–

US Social Security Administration

• Social Security Programs Throughout the World

y y – UE | Eurostat ESSPROS Manual – IMF Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001

–

UN | United Nations

• UN National Accounts

–

WHO | World Health Organization

• WHO National health accounts (NHA)
• Global Health Observatory (GHO)

Manual 2001 17

–

ADB | Asian Development Bank

• ADB Social Protection Index

–

Other

• Social Assistance Database Version5

Gess and Statistics | Useful links @

World social security report, statistics & indicators, etc. The social security inquiry P bli | Ad i | M

ILO databases

Public access | Admin | More…

Non‐ILO databases

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Gess and Statistics | The World Social Security Report

2010/11

Pdf of the WSSR

A bl

ty Report 2 Access to graphs & figures

Access to annex tables

cial Securit e World Soc

WSSR | The

WSSR

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W