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IMMIGRATION BY SEA AN EPIC NEVER-ENDING STORY 1. THE ITALIAN COAST GUARD 2. AN EPIC NEVER-ENDING EXODUS 3. SEARCH & RESCUE BEYOND HAMBURG CONVENTION 4. CONCLUSIONS SLIDE 2 OF 25
THE ITALIAN COAST GUARD SLIDE 3 OF 25
THE ITALIAN COAST GUARD SLIDE 4 OF 25
AN EPIC NEVER ENDING EXODUS SLIDE 5 OF 25
1900 TODAY Their destiny …to die SLIDE 6 OF 25
WHY AN EPIC NEVER ENDING STORY ? MIGRANTS RESCUED AND ASSISTED from 1991 to 31 st Dicember 2014: tot. 484.594 180000 160000 140000 Albanian 120000 Crisis Kossovo Vlorë Arab Spring 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 SLIDE 7 OF 25
MIGRANTS RESCUED AND ASSISTED FLOWS 2013 2014 LIBYA 27.233 141.293 TURKEY 1.975 10.341 GREECE 1.943 1.508 TUNISIA 871 1.215 EGYPT 9.190 15.413 ALGERIA 24 155 Brindisi Otranto OTHER FLOWS 1.689 86 Cagliari Crotone Trapani Mersin Catania La Galite Siracusa Porto Empedocle Annaba Tunis A Pantelleria Pozzallo C I P R U S Malta I Lampedusa C R E T A R E G Zuwarah Tripoli Zilten Misratah Bengasi Alessandria L E G Y P T L I B Y A A SLIDE 8 OF 25
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• Up to 800 people on board a 50/70 m. ship • No sufficient life saving appliances • No safety certificates • No professional crew on board • Sub standard ship Would you allow this ship to depart from your ports or to transit in your territorial waters WITHOUT ANY CONCERN? IT IS AN HAZARD FOR THE PEOPLE ON BOARD AND FOR OTHER SHIPS ! SLIDE 10 OF 25
PORT STATE CONTROL A more effective port state control activity by countries of departure is needed in order to prevent the use of sub standard ships for illegal immigration SLIDE 11 OF 25
SEARCH AND RESCUE beyond Hamburg SAR convention • THE NEED OF AN INTERNATIONAL EFFORT TO MANAGE AN EXTRAORDINARY AND CONTINUOUS MASS RESCUE OPERATION THAT IS BEYOND HAMBURG SAR CONVENTION PROVISIONS • THE NECESSITY TO RELIEVE THE BURDEN THAT FALLS ON MERCHANT VESSELS ENGAGED IN SAR OPERATIONS • THE NEED TO IMPROVE THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAME ON SEARCH AND RESCUE SLIDE 12 OF 25
Mediterranean Sea: 46,000 km of coastline and 22 Coastal State With its 8,000 Km of coast - Italy alone represents about the 16% of the Mediterranean coastline 2,500,000 km2 its total area Search and Rescue Regions (SRR) of the countries interested by migration flows 500,000 km2 Italian Search and Rescue Region (Red line) 630.000 Km2 North Africa and Malta (green line) In 2014 Italy performed: - 2.747 SAR OPS inside italian SRR ( almost always not connected with migration) - 982 SAR OPS outside italian SRR (connected with migration flows) SLIDE 13 OF 25
MOST OF THE SAR OPERATIONS SLIDE 14 OF 25
160000 141293 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 27233 40000 15413 9190 10341 20000 1975 1943 871 1508 1215 24 155 0 SLIDE 15 OF 25
From the 1 ° st November 2014 18 October 2013 – 31 October 2014 2,9 M € month 110 M € 9,5 M € month SLIDE 16 OF 25
MIGRANT RESCUED AT SEA - 2014 MERCHANT VESSELS POLICE FORCES First two months of 2015: increase of 38% compared to the same period of 2014 SLIDE 17 OF 25
THE INVOLVMENT OF MERCHANT VESSELS IN A CONTINUOUS SAR OPERATION: - Security concerns: very high number of rescued people and low number of crew members - riots risk - Safety Concerns: dangerous cargoes; logistic spaces; sanitary concerns - Commercial concerns: costs sustained by owners for voyage deviations SLIDE 18 OF 25
100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 80 0 ALAND 2 ANTIGUA E BARBUDA 19 22 25 SLIDE 19 OF BAHAMAS BELGIO 1 BELIZE 22 BERMUDA 2 1 1 3 CAMBOGIA CANADA CINA CIPRO 26 CURACAO 3 DANIMARCA 14 EMIRATI ARABI UNITI 1 3 0 FILIPPINE FINLANDIA FRANCIA 13 GERMANIA 6 6 GIBILTERRA GRECIA 34 HONG KONG 12 ISOLE CAYMAN 7 ISOLE COOK 3 3 ISOLE MAN ISOLE MARSHALL 44 ISOLE PALAU 1 1 ISRAELE ITALIA 170 KUWAIT 2 3 LIBANO LIBERIA 82 LIBIA 5 LITUANIA 1 LUSSEMBURGO 5 MADEIRA 1 1 MALESIA MALTA 94 MOLDAVIA 9 NORVEGIA 24 OLANDA 8 PANAMA 70 PORTOGALLO 1 REGNO UNITO 18 ROMANIA 0 SAINT VINCENT E G. 15 SINGAPORE 50 SIERRA LEONE 5 SPAGNA 1 2 1 1 3 SRI LANKA SVEZIA SVIZZERA TANZANIA TOGO 12 TUNISIA 8 TURCHIA 22 TUVALU 1 3 2 UCRAINA USA VANUATU 12 3
N ° OF MIGRANTS RESCUED AT SEA 166.538 N ° OF MIGRANTS ARRIVED ON THEIR OWN ON THE ITALIAN SHORE 3.473 TOTAL NUMBER OF MIGRANTS 170.011 98% 2% HOW TO MAKE THIS POSSIBLE ALSO IN THE NEAR FUTURE? SLIDE 20 OF 25
THE RULES: F WHY BEYOND SAR CONVENTION? SLIDE 21 OF 25
THE RULES SLIDE 22 OF 25
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ONLY ON THE SHOULDERS Brindisi Otranto Cagliari FIRST RCC Crotone OF Trapani Mersin Catania La Galite RCC BETTER Siracusa Porto Empedocle Annaba Tunis A Pantelleria Pozzallo ABLE TO ASSIST C I P R O ITALY? Malta I Lampedusa CRETA R E G Zuwarah Tripoli Zilten Misratah Bengasi Alessandria L E G Y P T L I B Y A A SLIDE 26 OF 25
CONCLUSIONS WHAT CAN WE DO AS INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY? • TO ESTABLISH AND SUSTAIN A PERMANENT AND EFFICIENT SEARCH AND RESCUE SYSTEM: A HUGE INTERNATIONAL SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATION IS ESSENTIAL • TO RELIEVE THE BURDEN THAT DAILY FALLS ON MERCHANT VESSELS: FINANCIAL AND LEGAL MEASURES • TO ADEQUATE THE LEGAL FRAME ON SEARCH AND RESCUE: CONSIDERING THE EXTRAORDINARY SITUATIONS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA SLIDE 27 OF 25
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