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Skeletal System

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Func7ons of the Skeletal System

There are SIX main func7ons of the Skeletal

• System. These include:
• 1. Providing support for the body
• 2. Protec7ng internal 7ssues and organs
• 3. Ac7ng as a framework for aEached muscles
• 4. Allowing movement of limbs and digits
• 5. Producing new red and white blood cells
• 6. Storing fat and minerals

Components of Skeletal System

There are THREE main parts of the skeletal system:

• 1. Bones
• 2. Connec7ve Tissue
• 3. Joints

Bone Structure

The outer layer is hard, densely packed, compact bone Beneath the outer layer is spongy bone

Marrow: A 7ssue in the center of some bones A less dense bone with cavi7es filled with red bone marrow, where blood cells are produced Some bones have yellow marrow, which stores fat

Bone Categoriza7on

Bones are categorized by shape.

Long Bones

• Ex. humerus, femur, radius, ulna, 7bia and fibula

Short Bones

• Ex. wrist bones

Flat Bones

• Ex. rib bone, scapula, and

sternum

Irregular Bones

• Ex. vertebra, hip bone, and

skull bones

Connec7ve Tissue

Car7lage

Strong, flexible connec7ve 7ssue Acts as a cushion between two bones Shapes soV parts

• f the body (i.e.

ears, 7p of nose)

Connec7ve Tissue

Ligaments

A band of connec7ve 7ssue that aEaches

• ne bone to another

Ligaments aEach to bones to create joints

Tendons

A fibrous cord that aEaches muscle to the bone

• 1. Recall the percentage increase in sports related knee

injuries in the last decade.

• 2. Explain why knee surgeries can disrupt a child's growth.

BIG IDEA

Joints

Joints are points in which bones meet Some joints do not move (i.e. joints in between bones of the skull) Flexible joints are joints that do allow movement and include: Ball-and-socket joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Ellipsoidal joints

Skeletal Problems

Fractures

Hairline

• Occur when the parts of the bone do not separate

Transverse

• Occur when the fracture is completely across the

bone

Comminuted

• Occur when the bone shaEers into more than two

pieces

Skeletal Problems

Injuries to Joints

Disloca7on

• Results when bones slip out of place

Torn Car7lage

• Results from a sharp blow to a joint or

a severe twis7ng of a joint

Bursi7s

• Results from painful inflamma7on of a

bursa

– A burse is a fluid-filled sac that can help to reduce fric7on in joints

Skeletal Problems

Injuries to Joints Con7nued…

Bunions

• Painful swellings of the bursae in the first

joints of big toes.

– Wearing ill-fiEed shoes make bunions worse

Arthri7s

• Inflamma7on of a joint
• Can result from an injury, natural wear and

tear, or disease

• They can live normal lives if they manage

the disease

Skeletal Problems

Repe77ve Mo7on Injury

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

• Ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell
• Pressure on nerves cause numbness, 7ngling

in the thumb and forefinger, pain, and weakness in the hand

Scoliosis

• Curving of the backbone
• The spine curves to one side of the

body in an S-shape or C-shape.

Skeletal Problems

Osteoporosis

The gradual loss of bone 7ssues Bones weaken and become briEle

Preven7ng Problems

Good health habits can keep your bones strong and healthy!

• A diet that is rich in nutrients such as protein,

fiber, potassium, and vitamin C can help keep your bones stay strong

• Physical ac7vity helps keep bones healthy and

strong

• Good posture means the bones and joints in your

back stay in place and your muscles are used properly

Health Lab!!

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