Skeletal System - Synovial Joints 16a A&P: Skeletal System - - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Skeletal System - Synovial Joints 16a A&P: Skeletal System - - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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16a A&P: Skeletal System - Synovial Joints 16a A&P: Skeletal System - Synovial Joints Class Outline 5 minutes Attendance, Breath of Arrival, and Reminders 10 minutes Lecture: 25 minutes Lecture:

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16a A&P:

Skeletal System - Synovial Joints

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16a A&P:

Skeletal System - Synovial Joints Class Outline

5 minutes Attendance, Breath of Arrival, and Reminders 10 minutes Lecture: 25 minutes Lecture: 15 minutes Active study skills: 60 minutes Total

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16a A&P:

Skeletal System - Synovial Joints Class Reminders

Assignments:

  • 17a Review Questions (A: 115-122)

Quizzes and Written Exams:

  • 17b Kinesiology Quiz

– Biceps, coracobrachialis, SCM, levator, scalenes, frontalis, occipitalis, temporalis, and masseter

  • 18a Written Exam Prep Quiz
  • 19a Written Exam Prep Quiz
  • 21a Written Exam

Preparation for upcoming classes:

  • 17a A&P: Skeletal System - Joint Actions and Articulations

– Trail Guide: frontalis, occipitalis, temporalis, and masseter – Trail Guide: Pages 23-24 and 34 – Salvo: Pages 480-487 – Packet E: 23-24 – Packet A-122

  • 17b Kinesiology: AOIs - Anterior Shoulder, Anterior Neck, and Head
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Classroom Rules

Punctuality - everybody’s time is precious

  • Be ready to learn at the start of class; we’ll have you out of here on time
  • Tardiness: arriving late, returning late after breaks, leaving during class, leaving

early The following are not allowed:

  • Bare feet
  • Side talking
  • Lying down
  • Inappropriate clothing
  • Food or drink except water
  • Phones that are visible in the classroom, bathrooms, or internship

You will receive one verbal warning, then you’ll have to leave the room.

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Scalenes

Trail Guide, Page 247

Scalenes are sandwiched between the SCM and the anterior flap of the trapezius. During inhalation, the scalenes perform the vital task of elevating the upper ribs.

Anterolateral View

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Unilateral actions of the Scalenes

Lateral flexion of the head and neck Rotation of the head and neck to the opposite

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Bilateral actions of the Scalenes

Elevate the ribs during inhalation Flexion of the head and neck

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O A I

Lateral View

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Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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O A I

Lateral View

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Anterior scalene

  • Middle scalene
  • Posterior scalene
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16a A&P:

Skeletal System - Synovial Joints E-19

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Joint (AKA: articulation or arthrosis) Where bones come together or join .

Joints

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Physiology

Enable the body to move. Bear the weight of the body. Provide stability.

Joints

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Fibrous / Synarthrotic Cartilaginous / Amphiarthrotic Synovial / Diarthrotic

Structural and Functional Classification

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Fibrous / Synarthrotic

Connected by dense fibrous connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. Extremely limited movement. Examples: cranial sutures, facial sutures, teeth, and tibiofibular joints

Structural and Functional Classification

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Cartilaginous / Amphiarthrotic

Connected by cartilage . Slightly movable . Examples: costochondral joints, pubic symphysis, and intervertebral disk joints

Structural and Functional Classification

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Synovial / Diathrotic

Contains contains synovial fluid to nourish and lubricate articulation. Freely movable. Examples: glenohumeral, iliofemoral . . . see next page for more examples

Structural and Functional Classification

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Articular cartilage Joint capsule Joint cavity Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Synovial sheath Bursa Meniscus

Synovial Joints

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Articular cartilage Hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis.

Synovial Joints

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Joint capsule Double-layered structure around a synovial joint. The outer layer is fibrous and forms ligaments. The inner layer is the synovial membrane.

Synovial Joints

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Joint cavity Space within a joint capsule. Lined with a synovial membrane.

Synovial Joints

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Synovial membrane Membrane joint cavities, synovial sheaths, and bursae.

Synovial Joints

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Synovial fluid Fluid secreted by synovial membranes to lubricate and nourish.

Synovial Joints

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Synovial sheath Tube-like structure lined with synovial membrane that surrounds long tendons.

Synovial Joints

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Bursae (s. bursa) Collapsed sac-like structure with an interior lining of synovial membrane. Contains synovial fluid.

Synovial Joints

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Menisci (s. meniscus) Fibrocartilage pads smooth joint movement and absorb shock. Examples: knee and jaw.

Synovial Joints

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Hinge Pivot Ellipsoidal / condyloid Saddle Ball and socket Gliding / planar

Types of Synovial Joints

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Hinge Limited to flexion and extension .

Types of Synovial Joints

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Pivot Limited to rotation .

Types of Synovial Joints

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Ellipsoidal / condyloid Limited to flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Types of Synovial Joints

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Saddle Allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, reposition, and circumduction, but not rotation.

Types of Synovial Joints

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Ball and socket Allowing all movements except gliding . Offers the greatest range of motion.

Types of Synovial Joints

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Gliding / planar Limited to planar movements but movement may be permitted in all planes .

Types of Synovial Joints

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16a A&P:

Skeletal System - Synovial Joints

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Flexion Bending or decreasing the angle of a joint. Extension Straightening or increasing the angle of a joint . Actions and Articulations

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Flexion Bending or decreasing the angle of a joint. Extension Straightening or increasing the angle of a joint .

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Flexion Bending or decreasing the angle of a joint. Extension Straightening or increasing the angle of a joint .

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Hyperextension A continuation of extension beyond anatomic position.

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Abduction Movement away , from the median plane. Adduction Movement toward , the median plane.

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Abduction Movement away , from the median plane. Adduction Movement toward , the median plane.

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Supination Lateral (outward) rotation

  • f the forearm so

that the palm is turned up .

Pronation Medial

(inward) rotation of the forearm so that the palm is turned down .

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Plantarflexion Extension of the ankle such that the toes are pointing downward , increasing the ankle angle anteriorly. Dorsiflexion Flexing the ankle dorsally so that the toes are moving toward the shin .

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Inversion Elevation of the medial , edge of the foot so that the sole is turned inward (or medially). Eversion Elevation of the lateral , edge of the foot so that the sole is turned

  • utward (or laterally).
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Circumduction Cone -shaped range of motion that

  • ccurs when the distal

end moves in a circle and the proximal end is fixed.

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Rotation Circular movement when a bone moves around its

  • wn central axis .
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Right and left rotation Rotation for joints that lie within the median axis.

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Lateral and medial rotation Rotation for joints that lie

  • utside of the

median axis.

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Upward and downward rotation Rotation of the scapula so that the glenoid fossa faces either upward or downward.

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Elevation Raising or lifting a body part. Moving superiorly . Depression Lowering or dropping a body part. Moving inferiorly .

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Protraction Movement forward or anteriorly . Retraction Movement backward or posteriorly .

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Opposition Movement in which the tip of the thumb comes into contact with the tip of any other digit on the same hand.

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Lateral deviation Side to side movement in the transverse plane.

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Anterior pelvic tilt Entire pelvis tilted forward in the frontal plane. Posterior pelvic tilt Entire pelvis tilted backward in the frontal plane.

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Glenohumeral Glenoid fossa of the scapula – Humerus; AKA: shoulder joint.

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Iliofemoral Ilium of the pelvic bone – Femur; AKA: hip joint.

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Humeroulnar Humerus – Ulna; AKA: elbow joint.

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Humeroradial Humerus – Radius; AKA: elbow joint.

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Tibiofemoral Tibia – Femur; AKA: knee joint.

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Talocrural Talus – Tibia; AKA: ankle joint.

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Interphalangeal Phalanx – Phalanx; AKA: IP joint.

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Temporomandibular Temporal bone – Mandible; AKA: TMJ, jaw joint.

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Atlantoaxial Atlas (C1) – Axis (C2); “No-no” joint.

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Radioulnar (proximal) Radius – Ulna.

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Carpometacarpal of the thumb Carpal – Metacarpal; AKA: CM joint.

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Radiocarpal Radius – Carpal; AKA: wrist joint.

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Metacarpophalangeal Metacarpal – Phalanx; AKA: MCP joint.

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Metatarsophalangeal Metatarsal – Phalanx; AKA: MTP joint.

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Atlantooccipital Atlas (C1) – Occiput; “Yes-yes” joint.

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Intervertebral facet Between each vertebrae from C2-L5; AKA: facet joints.

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Acromioclavicular Acromion process of the scapula – Clavicle; AKA: AC joint.

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Sternoclavicular Sternum – Clavicle; AKA: SC joint.

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Intercarpal Carpal – Carpal.

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Carpometacarpal Carpal – Metacarpal; AKA: CM joint.

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Lumbosacral facet L5 – S1.

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Patellofemoral Patella – Femur.

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Tarsometatarsal Tarsal – Metatarsal; AKA: TM joint.

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Intertarsal Tarsal – Tarsal.