SLIDE 1
Main questions
- What is the status of STI4SD policies across the Asia-
Pacific region?
- What are the main policy gaps identified?
- How can those gaps be closed?
- Is there scope to regionalize selected policies?
Science, Technology, and Innovation for Sustainable Development: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Science, Technology, and Innovation for Sustainable Development: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Science, Technology, and Innovation for Sustainable Development: National Policy Frameworks in Asia and the Pacific Apiwat Ratanawaraha Background Paper for the Second Regional workshop on Harnessing Science, Technology and Innovation for
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Conceptual framework
- Starting point: ESCAP memos from the 1st workshop
- “A Conceptual Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation
Driven Sustainable Development and the Role of ESCAP”
- “Open Working Group proposal for Sustainable Development
Goals.”
- Why innovation systems
– identify system failures
- strengths and weaknesses at the system level, which may be less
noticeable at the product, process, or organizational levels.
- mainly focus on sectoral innovation system and technological
innovation system at the national level
SLIDE 4
Sustainable development in SDGs
- Very broadly defined
- Not only production, but includes consumption,
livelihoods, and social justice issues
- SD is not limited to production of sustainable
technologies by firms, and the adoption and consumption by firms and households
- SD is a process of systemic transitions of the whole
socio-economic-technical systems towards sustainability
SLIDE 5
Innovation systems for STI4SD
Requires rethinking about innovation systems
- Objectives
– Not just economic competitiveness social well-being, environmental improvement, and social justice
- Boundary
– Have to be beyond a sector, a group of technologies, and even a geographical boundary
- Systemic change
– Incremental and minor improvement to existing ways of production, consumption, distribution is not enough – sustainable development requires systemic transformation – socio-technical transitions
SLIDE 6
Innovation systems for STI4SD
- Actors and networks
– beyond triple helix: + civil society & NGOs + the media – Not just top-down approach to policy making “democratization of innovation”
- Institutions
– rules, norms, and incentives: beyond profitability
- Knowledge
– may not be limited to commoditized knowledge – traditional knowledge, local wisdom
SLIDE 7
Innovation systems for STI4SD
Need to integrate three systems approaches to STI policies
- Sectoral innovation systems
- Technological innovation systems
- Socio-technical transitions
SLIDE 8
- Importance of overall sustainability policy and legal
frameworks
- Policies that aim to enhance industrial
competitiveness through sustainable production
- National focus, limited efforts in developing regional
and local innovation systems
- Mixed roles of multinational firms in innovation
systems
- Relatively “closed” innovation systems in STI policy
framework: limited consideration of trade
SLIDE 9
Current STI4SD policy frameworks in ESCAP countries
Review of STI and sustainability-related national policy frameworks in select ESCAP countries Findings
- Wide-ranging degrees of integration of STI policies
and sustainability-oriented policies
– Generally, align with the state of development
- Mostly linear model of STI: public-sector driven,
supply push, and sector-based innovation systems
SLIDE 10
- Institutional framework is taking shape for
competitiveness-oriented innovation systems but not for sustainability-oriented systems
– Korea, Japan, Singapore integrating the two
- Sectoral approach to STI policy framework for
sustainable development
– Energy, water, transport, etc
Findings
SLIDE 11
Findings
- Lack of spatial dimensions in innovation systems
literature and policy making
- Focus on competitiveness of firms, little integration
with inclusive development policies
– Inclusive innovation, social innovation
- Gaps in R&D for sustainable technologies
SLIDE 12
Policy options
- Increase the horizontality of sustainability-oriented
STI policies and integration with development planning
- Multi-stakeholder processes and institutions in
creating sustainability-oriented STI policy framework
- Capacity-building policy and mobilization of
resources for sustainability-oriented STI
- Administrative decentralization and STI
– Area-based STI policy and planning
SLIDE 13
- Expanding the boundary of knowledge in the
innovation system
– Open Science, Citizen science, Indigenous knowledge
- Build foresight capability
– Risks and uncertainty
- Explore market-based solutions
– Impact investing
- Increase regional cooperation in STI4SD