an interface that has been designed to Ecological Psycology: a - PDF document

EID Ecological ? an interface that has been designed to • Ecological Psycology: a small field within pyscology (Gibson 1979 / 1986 ) reflect the constraints of the work • It advocates: human behavior is often constrained by environment in a way that is perceptually environment in which they work. available to the user. [Burns, C. M., & Hajdukiewicz, J.R. (2004) ] • Understand the work domain, design interfaces that people can pick up and use, visual displays that reduce need of memory or mental calculation [Burns, C. M., & Hajdukiewicz, J.R. (2004) ] What are these terms “ecology”, “context” and “situation” ? What is their relationship and What is EID for? differences between them. • EID has been developed to aid designers to who must • Ecology: relationship between user and environment design interfaces for complex, safety-critical systems where expert users must engage in diagnostic problem • Context: inter related conditions in work domain solving. [J.M Flach et. al, 1998] • Situation: the way something is placed in relationship with the surrounding • Meaning processing is done by humans based on them. [J.M. Flach 1998] Group 1 There are 4 different approaches to interface One design problem is the different levels of users. The design. What advantages use-centered approach novices prefer an interface that is simple to use while the has over other 3 approaches. expert prefer an interface with as much information as possible. How can you balance these requirements in EID? • Technology centered : capabilities & limitation of technology • Case study of Dual REservior System Simulation in thermal hydraulic process [Kim, J Vicente, 2002] • User centered: capabilities & limitation of operator • P & P+F interfaces • Control centered: coupling of human and technology • P shows shallow knowledge base • P+E can be both shallow and deep depending on user • Use-centered design includes work domain (work space + problem space) as in integral component of “cognitive • Its just an empirical study system” [Flach et. al ,1998] Group 2 Group 1

Does theoretical framework bring improvements to EID processing? Please give some examples. G1, Q3 • The whole of Ecological Interface Design is a theoretical framework • Aimed at eliciting constraints and complex dependencies in a specific work domain • Work Domain Analysis (WDA) – Abstraction Hierarchy, consists of five different levels • Functional Purposes (PURPOSES) • Values & Priority Measures (PRINCIPLES) • Purpose-related Functions (PROCESS FUNCTIONS) • Object-related Processes (PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS) • Physical Objects (PHYSICAL FORM) – Part-Whole Hierarchy, can be any number of levels depending on the work domain Combination of Abstraction Hierarchy and Part- Explain how the values of a work domain model Whole Hierarchy contribute to EID? G3, Q1 • The idea with EID is to give the user a better feeling/understanding for the complex work domain which they are using • Designing for the unexpected is also a large part of EID • These things are accomplished by modeling the work domain and analyzing it to elicit information that otherwise would not be possible to elicit Figure from “Design Rationale Project: Case Study Report” What is the next step after having performed a work domain analysis? How is the data to be used in the actual design of the interface? G6, Q1 • G. A. Jamieson, D. V. C. Reising, & J. R. Hajdukiewicz. (2001). "EID Design Rationale Project: Case Study Report" CEL 01-03. < • The next step after WDA is to filter and derive http://www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/cel/publications/files/tech_reports/CEL01-03.pdf > constraints and requirements • G. A. Jamieson, D. V. C. Reising, & W. H. Ho. (2003). “Ecological Interface Design in Practice: A Design for Petrochemical Processing Operations “. In Julie Jacko and Constantine Stephanidis (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction: Theory and Practice, Part I (pp. 133-137). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. < • This can be done by for example task analysis http://www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/cel/publications/files/conference/HCII2003_Jamieson.pdf > • Wong, W.B.L.; Sallis, P.J.; Oapos;Hare, D. (1998). ”The ecological approach to interface design: • The requirements and constraints that is produced will applying theabstraction hierarchy to intentional domains”. Computer Human Interaction Conference, 1998. Proceedings. 1998 Australasian Volume , Issue , 30 Nov-4 Dec 1998 then serve as the basis for the actual design of the Page(s):144 – 151 interface • S. D. Pinder, D. N. Bristow, T. C. Davies. (2006). ”Interface design for an aircraft thrust and braking indicator/advisor”. OZCHI '06: Proceedings of the 20th conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group (CHISIG) of Australia on Computer-human interaction: design: activities, artefacts and environments • After the breakdown of the requirements normal UCD methods can be used to design the interface, e.g. • C. Upton, G. Doherty. (2008). “Extending Ecological Interface Design principles: A manufacturing case study”. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Volume 66 , Issue 4 (April 2008), iterative, user tests, rapid prototyping etc. Pages 271-286, Year of Publication: 2008, ISSN:1071-5819

How can we handle unanticipated events based on design constraints? • There are always unanticipated events • Scenario-based design vs. constraint-based design • Inform, indicate and instruct Group 3 In order to properly control the system and processes, the human-machine system must embody constraints inherent in the work domain. What are those constraints and how can we best Two examples of handling unanticipated events: deal with them? • Detect event -> diagnosis -> cause of fault -> • Identify constraints by conducting a WDA appropriate response [Roy M. Turner et.al., 1993] • Responds to the symptoms (“do whatever works”) [D. Payton et.al., 1992] Group 7 How does the EID minimize the supporting recovery from errors? • “[EID] tends to minimize the potential for control interference and support recovery from errors.” [Rasmussen & Vicente, 1989] • Deal with errors instead of trying to eliminate errors • WDA of a fighter aircraft • Functional constraints of a WDA = Training constraints Handling human errors: • Make all relevant data visible and available to the user [N. Naikar, et.al., 1999] • Appropriate feedback • Reversible and visible effects Group 2

• Roy M. Turner Peggy S. Eaton Martin J. Dempsey, Handling unanticipated events in single and multiple AUV systems, 1993. • D. Payton, D. Keirsey, D. Kimble, J. Krozel, and J. Rosenblatt, Do whatever works: A robust approach to fault-tolerant autonomous control , 1992. • N. Naikar, P. Sanderson, and G. Lintern, Work domain analysis: Identification of training needs for simulator acquisition , 1999 Less complex systems or other domains • Are there instances where EID can be applied in the design of less complex systems? (Group 6) • Yes, EID can be applied on non-complex systems as well. • One argument for EID is that it’s suitable “when asking • Example: interactive system in the form of a meeting users doesn’t work”. Even when developing non- schedule. complex systems, study of context is needed to get a • Didn’t use the AH complete list of requirements. Isn’t that a reason to use • Some problems with EID.... EID when developing those non-complex systems as well? (Group 7) Hsi I. and Potts C. 1995. Towards Integrating Rationalistic and Ecological Design Methods for • Can EID be applied on anything else than interfaces? Interactive Systems Give examples! (Group 4) Group 6, 7, 4 Group 6, 7, 4 Less complex systems or other domains Less complex systems or other domains • Number of components • Another example of a non-industrial environment • “when asking users doesn’t work” Upton, C. and Doherty, G. 2007. Integrating the visualisation reference model with ecological interface design. Davies, T. C., Burns, C. M., and Pinder, S. D. 2006. Using ecological interface design to develop an auditory interface for • The complexity of a patient far exceeds the complexity of visually impaired travellers. any industrial process Sharp, T. D. Helmicki, A. J. The Application of the Ecological Interface Design Approach to Neonatal Intensive Care Medicine Group 6, 7, 4 Group 6, 7, 4