Satellite Based Pollution Monitoring in Prince William Sound Final - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Satellite Based Pollution Monitoring in Prince William Sound Final - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Satellite Based Pollution Monitoring in Prince William Sound Final Presentation to Prince William Sound Regional Citizens Advisory Council May 6, 2016 Outline Introduction Approach Results Conclusions and Recommendations


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SLIDE 1

Satellite‐Based Pollution Monitoring in Prince William Sound

Final Presentation to Prince William Sound Regional Citizens’ Advisory Council May 6, 2016

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SLIDE 2

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Approach
  • Results
  • Conclusions and Recommendations
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Introduction

  • Project Objective

– Demonstrate capabilities of satellite‐based pollution monitoring in Prince William Sound – April 2015 to January 2016

  • Project Tasks

– Compile ancillary information – Adjust detection processes to local conditions – Establish monitoring plan – Execute monitoring program

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Introduction

  • Satellite‐based oil slick monitoring

– Primarily based on satellite radar imagery – Radar imagery is largely weather independent – Detection of slicks as dark objects against a brighter background – Other phenomena cause signatures similar to oil slicks

  • wind shadow, fronts, biogenic slicks, algal blooms, ship wakes, freshwater,

sea ice, etc.

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Examples of Satellite‐Based Slick Detection

Oil slick

 Canadian Space Agency, 2002

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Operational Satellite Radar Missions

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Introduction

  • Operational Satellite‐based oil slick detection

– Radar imagery is available in NRT – Approaches range from manual to semi‐automated extraction – Operator intervention is critical to differentiate between slicks and look‐alikes

  • Shape
  • Context
  • Brightness
  • Environmental conditions
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SLIDE 8

Approach

  • Area of interest

– PWS – Major shipping lane (1km buffer)

  • Satellite data

– Sentinel‐1 – Freely available – (Pre‐)operational

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Satellite Imagery (Sentinel‐1)

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Ancillary Data

  • Environmental parameters

from Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS)

– Surface wind speed – Presence of sea ice – Algae blooms – Shoreline residual oil

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Analysis

  • Dual focus

– Detection of potential slicks (dark targets) – Detection of large vessels (bright targets) in shipping lane – Both applications share common processing elements – Operational procedures in place at C‐CORE

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Results Surveillance Products

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Results

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Examples of Slick Look‐Alikes and Vessels

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Results

  • No potential oil slicks were

detected during this investigation

– Limited number of images processed – Complexity of the AOI – Low probability of occurrence of voluntary or accidental oil spills

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Results

  • Lessons learned from major surveillance programs

Integrated Satellite Tracking of Pollution (ISTOP) (Canada) and CleanSeaNet (Europe)

– ISTOP processed more than 10,000 images since 2006 with 258 possible oil slicks identified (Environment Canada, 2015)

  • Approximately 50 images processed on average to detect one potential slick

– ISTOP and CleanSeaNet process comparable number of satellite images on a yearly basis

  • Number of detected potential slicks per image is much higher for CleanSeaNet,

reflecting higher maritime traffic density

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Results

  • Lessons learned from major surveillance programs ISTOP

(Canada) and CleanSeaNet (Europe)

– CleanSeaNet also shows a global reduction in the number of potential slicks detected per image from 1.38 in 2008 to 0.75 in 2009 (EMSA, 2011) – Decline in detections under ISTOP and CleanSeaNet suggests satellite monitoring programs are effective deterrents – Regular, public promotion of the surveillance program important to ensure regulatory compliance

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Conclusion

  • Sentinel‐1 imagery

– AOI was infrequently covered – Imagery was often not available within 2 h – Data is freely available

  • Going forward

– Sentinel‐1 B launched in April – More complete coverage of western Arctic expected – Possibility to lobby ESA for increased coverage – Include optical imagery from Sentinel‐2

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Conclusion

  • Satellite‐based oil slick monitoring is fully operational and

applicable anywhere in the world within the limitations inherent in the technology

– To be effective, satellite‐based monitoring should be conducted in near real‐ time (~2h between satellite observation and report generation) – Streamlined, operational process is required that integrates with existing processes and procedures

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Conclusion

  • Basic framework for satellite‐based slick detection can be

expanded to include other elements of satellite surveillance

– Iceberg and ship detection as demonstrated – Sea ice – Water quality (optical imagery) – Optical/radar synergies

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Recommendations

  • Take advantage of freely available Sentinel‐1 imagery
  • ver PWS to implement an ongoing, regular satellite

surveillance program

  • Monitoring should be carried out at a meaningful

frequency (once fully operational, Sentinel‐1 imagery should be available over PWS at least twice per week)

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Recommendations

  • Implement a capacity for image analysis in near real‐

time, together with suitable response actions to potential slicks detected (e.g. identify pollution control authorities)

  • In addition to potential oil slicks, the satellite monitoring

program should consider the detection of vessels and icebergs in the PWS area

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Recommendations

  • Over time, satellite‐based products should be re‐analyzed

to reveal spatial and temporal distributions of potential

  • il slicks, vessels and icebergs
  • The design of a satellite monitoring program should be

flexible to accommodate future additions (e.g. Sentinel‐2 imagery)