Safety management & site establishment UNIT 7 Creating a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Safety management & site establishment UNIT 7

Creating a safer construction site –Training

Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society (EGIS)

Creating a safer construction site - TRAINING “Training is an important way of achieving competence and helps to convert information into safe working practices. It contributes to the organisation's health and safety culture and is needed at all levels, including top management”

(Management of Health and Safety at Work - Approved Code of Practice)

The Syllabus for safety training for the following groups working in the construction industry will be discussed :-

• Directors
• Site management
• Trade foremen and gangers
• Operatives
• Young entrants
• Safety officers
• Clients, designers and planning supervisors

Lesson Objectives

As a group, design an outline training syllabus for the health and safety training program for the allocated target 2 group of employees and compare them with each other.

• Group 1:

– Directors/ Principles – Site management

• Group 2:

– Trade foremen and gangers – Operatives

• Group 3:

– Young entrants – Safety officers

• Group 4:

– Clients, – Designers

Group Activity

Outline training syllabus for directors and principals of construction companies Safety training of owners and directors of construction companies is essential:

• Directors must have an understanding of the need for safe

working practices

• They must understand that health and safety performance

contributes to the overall performance of a company by properly utilising human and physical resources, and minimising losses result from accidents

The following are the main areas that should be addressed in the safety training for directors and principals.

• 1. Company involvement - outline the company's involvement

with safety

• a management function
• a management tool
• an influence on production
• the economic dividends

Directors and principals

• 2. Acceptance of the real cost of accidents
• 3. Organising the company safety policy
• 4. Communications
• management/safety officer relationship
• interdepartmental relationships
• lines of responsibility

Directors and principals

• 5. The law - the law relating to safety, health and welfare is

complex and changes frequently. Failure to comply with the law could result in fines or even imprisonment. It is essential that all directors have at least a background knowledge for safety law.

• legislation applicable to the construction industry
• statute and common law
• duties of employers
• duties of employees
• legal relationships between main and sub-contractors

Directors and principals

• 6. Accident prevention - a basic understanding of what

causes accidents and how to avoid them occurring.

• main causes of accidents
• main groups of operatives in danger
• safety at pre-tender planning stage
• safety at post-tender stage
• keeping and interpreting accidents records
• duties of site managers, safety officers
• 7. Operative involvement - how to promote safety among
• peratives
• incentive schemes
• motivation
• psychology

School of the Built Environment

Directors and principals

• 8. Employee training plans- a major responsibility of directors

is to implement training schemes for all aspects of construction operations covering such subjects as management, craft skills etc. An essential and yet sometimes overlooked area of training is safety. Directors must ensure that safety training schemes are designed, implemented, maintained, amended as necessary and very importantly adequately resourced.

Directors and principals

Contracts managers, site agents, general foremen etc.:

• Their management skills ensure that projects are

completed on time, within budget and to the satisfaction

• f both the employer and the client
• The training that they receive should include site safety,

not only for legal and moral reasons, but also because safety is a key management tool.

Outline training syllabus for site management

The following are the main items in a syllabus for management safety training :-

• 1. The law and safety
• statutory requirements
• regulations and codes of practice
• duties of employers and employees
• 2. Policy and administration
• thorough understanding of company safety policy
• human relations
• safety promotion methods (incentives)
• duties of site managers

Site Management

• 3. Principles of accident prevention
• the main causes of accidents
• the groups most at risk
• typical faults by management, supervisors and
• peratives
• methods of achieving a safe working environment
• risk assessment - methods of elimination,

substitution, enclosure, personal protection

• planning for safety

Site Management

• 4. Site inspection
• the role of management
• hazard spotting
• recording results
• follow-up procedures
• feedback
• 5. Human behaviour
• motivation
• individual behaviour
• environmental effects
• techniques of persuasion

Site Management

• 6. Site tidiness
• site organisation
• relationship between level of site tidiness and

accident occurrences

• site and workplace access
• equipment storage, maintenance and usage
• materials storage and equipment
• fire precautions

Site Management

• 7. Health and welfare

Very often while the safety of construction workers is adequately considered, the area of health and welfare is

• verlooked. Unlike accidents the results of poor levels of health

and welfare are not easily appreciated. Ill health can often manifest itself long after the operatives has been exposed to a dangerous method of work or material. The following are some

• f the topics that should be considered:
• hazards to health on site/long term health hazards
• sanitation and welfare requirements
• personal protective equipment
• methods of substitution
• safe methods of work
• health monitoring

Site Management

• 8. Communications
• effective methods of communication
• report writing
• committees
• presentation skills

Site Management

• Site management can only achieve the desired level of

safety on site with the help and co-operation of their supervisory staff i.e. trades foremen and gangers

• Therefore they need to be trained on safety matters
• Training is similar to that of managers, but in less depth,

and perhaps with a different emphasis on the way each item is presented:-

• principles of accident prevention
• site inspection
• human behaviour
• site tidiness
• health and welfare
• communications

Outline training syllabus for trades foremen & gangers

• Training for operatives will be quite different from that given to

management and supervisory staff

• Operatives are closer to the real problems. It is therefore

important that their training is directly applicable to their own needs and can be proven to be relevant and beneficial to them.

• The content of training schemes will vary according to the

trade skill of the operative, their own experience and the nature of the project they are working on.

• Training should be continuous, ie seen as part of everyday

instructions

Outline training syllabus for

• peratives

This training will be given in three different ways, each of which should be used as appropriate to the situation occurring at any

• ne time :-
• Safety training integrated into other skills training. Eg:- when a joiner is

being instructed to used a new saw, training should not solely concentrate on how to use the saw accurately and effectively, but also should address safety aspects of the use of the equipment.

• Specialised training - All staff joining a company should undergo an

induction course on safety. The content of such courses will vary according to the situation. After initial training advanced and refresher courses should also be given.

• Incentive/Persuasion. At all levels of employment there needs to be some

incentive or degree of persuasion to encourage staff to apply their safety

• training. This is especially important at operative level.

Operatives

New entrants, especially young people are in particular danger in the construction

• industry. Young people may be:
• Impetuous
• Lack experience of life in general never

mind site work

• Their lack of maturity also brings lack of

wisdom or foresight

• They can lack physical strength
• They find construction sites a challenge

which can lead them into dangerous situations

• Find horse play fun but don't recognise

the dangers

Outline training syllabus for new entrants

“Pair fined for planking at work”

(www.abc.net)

• Initial training needs to be basic, easily understood,

interesting and still give an adequate understanding of the dangers found on site and how to avoid them

• The following are some of the subjects and site hazards that

need to be included in basic induction education on safety:

• Transport
• Falls
• Electricity
• Site tidiness
• Handling materials
• Plant and equipment
• Horseplay
• Precautions - when addressing each of the above

hazards trainees should be shown how to avoid these hazards

New Entrants

• Personal protective equipment - when and how to ware, the

benefits of wearing protective clothing, how to care for PPE

• Health hazards - while emphasising the physical dangers and how to avoid

them it is also important to highlight health hazards eg lung disease and dermatitis

• Welfare facility - the use and care of welfare facilities
• Company safety policy - outline of how the company approaches health,

safety and welfare. This should include the legal and company sanctions that can be imposed on operatives

• Employees responsibilities - the employees role in protecting his own

health and safety, and not endangering others

New Entrants

• Generally speaking the safety officer will be a full -time,

trained expert on safety

• He/she should have a working experience of construction

sites, and be able to communicate well with all levels of employee within the company organisation

• Safety officers should undertake rigorous safety training

with the following being the main items covered

• 1. Safety law
• 2. Duties of safety officer

Outline training syllabus for safety

• fficers

3. Basic management - the safety officer is in essence a manager of the company safety regime. Skills in man and project management are therefore essential 4. Principles of accident prevention 5. Accident investigation and analysis 6. Site inspection - perhaps the most important role, as good inspection can help avoid accidents happening 7. Human behaviour 8. Plant, equipment, transport - an understanding of how these work and the dangers involved 9. Site tidiness

• 10. Electricity

Safety Officers

11.Excavations 12.Working at height 13.Demolition 14.scaffolding, cranes, hoists etc 15.health and welfare 16.Communications 17.Organising safety management and training - an important role for the safety

• fficer is to implement, maintain and review safety schemes

18.Techniques of instruction - very often the safety officer will need to speak to groups as he trains, instructs, advises and negotiates. To best fulfil this role he will need training in the use and production of visual aids, public speaking and general communication skills.

Safety Officers

Under CDM regulations designers must pay regard to how the construction of their design proposals will effect safety

• n site. The following are items that could be included in a

suitable training syllabus :-

• safety law
• causes of accidents and the major health and safety hazards

resulting from design decisions

• role of designer in creating a safe working environment
• presentation of information - without influencing their legal

position designers should incorporate safety indicators in their design proposals

Training for designers

• It is unlikely that many clients will undertake even the

most informal course in construction safety

• However it is beneficial that they do have a basic

understanding of the safety problems encountered on site and their own legal responsibilities

• The task of informing the clients may usually land on the

shoulders of the designers

Training for the Clients

Small group activity: Should we incentivize safety on site and how can it be done?

• All the theory, training and planning that is targeted on safety is of little

value if you cannot get the workforce to apply their knowledge and comply with the proposed plans

• Compulsion is perhaps the main way to ensure safety plans are followed,

with operative knowing that failure to do so could result in legal proceedings and/or loosing their job

• Fear of injury or death as a result of an accident may also influence their

attitude towards safety

• However, as in all areas of management, the use of incentives can also

bring good results. Incentive safety schemes fall into two broad categories:

• Group schemes
• Personal schemes

Safety incentive schemes

• The original aim of the work carried out at Hawthorne

was based on the principles of scientific management.

• The intention was to enable engineers to establish

the effects of lighting levels on worker productivity.

• The assumption was that productivity would rise

according to the level of lighting.

• The surprise of the research was, output increased

whether the lighting was turned up or down.

• Stranger still, the control groups output also

increased.

Hawthorne Experiment

What was the reason for increased output regardless of lighting levels?

• The main reason was the attention people received during the

experiment. Some of the major finding of the research was;

• Informal groups are important because work is seen as a collective and

cooperative process.

• Workers liked to be in groups which provided fraternity and stability.

Hawthorne Experiment

• Developing good team working is important in all

aspects of industry, including safety

• Group safety incentive schemes work on the idea of

team or group loyalty

• These schemes can be of two main forms:
• site/work based schemes
• off site/recreational schemes
• 1. Group safety incentive schemes

• Groups of operatives are given safety targets with groups

competing with each other to win some award What would be a suitable award in a case like this?

• Care needs to be taken in the choice of awards. If the award

is of too great a value then the competition may become too fierce and become disruptive and possibly dangerous

• Conversely the awards must be attractive enough to attract

interest

• Awards can take many forms, from prizes with actual value

through to the presentation of a cup or shield and recognition throughout the company

a) Site based group safety incentive schemes

• The groups involved in these competitions can small

groups on one site or across the whole company, through to sites competing with sites

• Typical targets would be :- the first group achieving

50,000 accident-free working hours or the site with the best ( ie lowest ) accident record in a month

• The choice of target is important as it must be achievable,

not take too long to achieve and still help to achieve the main objective of promoting safety on site

a) Site based group safety incentive schemes

• Frequently within organisations social events are arranged to

develop loyalty within the company

• These are usual in the form of dances, skittles evening or

race nights

• However, the popularity of 'pub quiz nights' could be also

used to incorporate safety elements within the questions

b) Off site/recreational group incentive schemes.

• These are designed to encourage individuals to achieve preset

standards of safety achievement

• They have the advantage of group schemes in that a weak

member of the team does not so greatly affect what others can achieve

• As with the group schemes the targets set must be achievable
• It is best not to award just one overall winner but to allow

individuals to achieve the targets at their own speed

• Targets such as 10,000 accident-free hours are achievable by

most

• However some time limits must be set, if not then even the most

dangerous worker will ultimately achieve the target if he survives long enough

• A special prize for overall winners can be an additional incentive
• 2. Personal safety incentive schemes

There are merits in having special, one-off, safety events, where specific dangers are addressed, eg lifting operations. With these type of events a week or perhaps a month is designated for special safety campaign. Competitions or incentive schemes are used in collaboration with addition training or highlighting of a particular safety problem. CONCLUSIONS The whole subject of training and incentive schemes can be challenging to safety managers. The overall target is to improve the safety environment in which construction operatives work. How this is achieved can be left to the skill and imagination of management. Whatever technique is used remember LEAD BY EXAMPLE

Safety Weeks Or Campaigns

HOME STUDY QUESTIONS Outline safety training programme for either a new operative entering the construction industry or a senior member of the site management . Compare the pros and cons of safety incentive schemes. Illustrate your answer with examples. Do your own background reading on;

• National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health

(NEBOSH)

• Construction skills certification scheme (CSCS)

External training courses

National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health

• The NEBOSH Construction Certificate is a qualification for those

with responsibility for giving routine, day-to-day advice on health, safety and welfare in construction work.

• The programme of study is based on the philosophy that an

understanding of health and safety in construction needs to be underpinned by an understanding of the general principles of

• ccupational health and safety that apply to all workplaces. For this

reason, the programme comprises two modules:

• Parts A1 and A2 - a module covering general health and safety
• Parts B and C - a module covering health and safety in

construction work, including a practical assessment of a construction site

CONSRUCTION SKILLS CERTIFICATION SCHEME (CSCS)

• CSCS aims to register every competent construction operative

within the UK not currently on a skills registration scheme

• Operatives will get an individual registration card (similar to a credit

card) which lasts for three or five years

• CSCS issues Experienced Workers

Cards to construction workers to indicate their level of ability, based on their employer’s endorsement.

• The CSCS card also provides evidence that the holder has

undergone health and safety awareness training or testing.

• The green card is available to those operatives who carry out basic

site skills only (often described as labourers)

• The green card is available via NVQ level 1 or by employer's recommendation

(industry accreditation). The employer must use the competencies list on the reverse of the application form when assessing the applicant

• The following NVQ Level 1's are currently acceptable for the

Construction Site Operative card:

Accessing Operations and Rigging Construction and Civil Engineering Services Decorative Occupations Floor Covering Formworking Interior Systems Land Drilling Plant Maintenance Plastering Roofing Occupations Specialised Plant and Machinery Occupations Trowel Occupations Underpinning Operations Wood Occupations

Types of CSCS Cards

Those involved in skilled work are expected to apply for a skilled blue or gold card

BLUE SKILLED CARD - You may qualify for a blue skilled card if you have achieved NVQ or SVQ level 2 or if you have completed an employer sponsored apprenticeship which included the achievement of a City and Guilds of London Institute Craft Certificate. GOLD SKILLED CARD - You may qualify for a gold skilled card if you have achieved an NVQ or SVQ level 3, or if you have completed an approved indentured apprenticeship (e.g.with NJCBI, BATJIC etc.) or an employer sponsored apprenticeship which included the achievement of a City and Guilds of London Institute Advanced Craft Certificate.

EXPERIENCED WORKER CARD - This card is available to everyone with on the job

experience

Types of CSCS Cards

• The GOLD SUPERVISOR CARD is available for supervisor and

technician occupations

• Achievement of an NVQ or SVQ level 3 in a relevant occupation is required to

apply for this CSCS card

• For those who do not have an NVQ or SVQ level 3 application is by the

experienced manager card

• CSCS has recently introduced the Profiled Route which is for highly competent

supervisors

• All applicants must pass the supervisor level Construction Skills health and safety

test.

Types of CSCS Cards

• Competency assessed member are expected to apply for a

white/ yellow - professionally qualified person card

• for competency assessed members of CSCS approved Professional

Bodies, such as ICE, CIOB, RICS

• Pass the Managerial and Professional (also known as the MAP)

ConstructionSkills health and safety test

Types of CSCS Cards

BLACK CARD - MANAGER

The black card is available manager occupations

• Building Site Manager
• Civil Engineering Site Manager
• Construction Plant and Equipment Manager
• Building Site Manager (Conservation)
• Architectural Technologist
• Etc.

All applicants must pass the Managerial and Professional (known as MAP) Construction Skills health and safety test

Types of CSCS Cards

YELLOW CARD - REGULAR VISITORS

The yellow Regular Visitor Card has been introduced for those people who frequently visit a construction site, but have no construction 'site' skill (such as delivery drivers, etc) The card is issued on a personal basis via application form, the applicant will need to take and pass the ConstructionSkills health and safety test CSCS Operative health and safety The card has been designed to allow access to a Construction Site to be made easier, as the health and safety test status can reduce the amount of site induction that is required.

Types of CSCS Cards

Important Notes: Although the health and safety tested status can reduce the amount of site health and safety induction required, some site-specific health and safety induction may also be required The issue of this card does not relieve the site managers from their legal obligation to ensure the health, safety and welfare of people entering their sites

Types of CSCS Cards

How would you recognise a hazardous substance?

• 1. by a symbol on the container?
• 2. by its smell?
• 3. it will be in a metal container
• 4. The colour of the label on the container

correct answer 1

A few typical questions from the safety skills test

Which of the following accounts for most accidents per year

• n construction sites?
• 1. trench collapses
• 2. slips, trips and falls
• 3. electrocution
• 4. hits by vehicles

correct answer 2

A few typical questions from the safety skills test

An employee has a fall and is obviously unconscious. What is the first thing to do?

• 1. Put them in the recovery position
• 2. Send for the first aider
• 3. Try to protect them from further injury
• 4. Find out if there are any witnesses

correct answer 2

A few typical questions from the safety skills test