Russian baseline datasets for climatological climatological Russian - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Bulygina O. N., Razuvaev V. N. Russian baseline datasets for Russian baseline datasets for climatological climatological studies over Northern Eurasia studies over Northern Eurasia and their use in analyses of contemporary and their use in analyses of contemporary climatic changes over the Russia climatic changes over the Russia

RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION INFORMATION – – WORLD DATA CENTER WORLD DATA CENTER (RIHMI (RIHMI-

• WDC)

WDC) 6, 6, Korolev Korolev str str. . Obninsk Obninsk, , Kaluga Kaluga Reg., 249035, Russia Reg., 249035, Russia E E-

• mail:

mail: bulygina bulygina@meteo.ru @meteo.ru Internet: Internet: http:// http://www.meteo.ru www.meteo.ru

RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION – – WORLD DATA CENTER (RIHMI WORLD DATA CENTER (RIHMI-

• WDC)

WDC)

Main sources of RI HMI -WDC Data Fund acquisition

RIHMI-WDC Data Fund

Observation networks of other organizations

Roshydromet observation network

Roshydromet Research Institutes

GTS Internationa data exchange

Main types of hydrometeorological information available from RI HMI -WDC Data Fund

Climatological Data:

• Meteorology
• Aerology
• Hydrology
• Marine meteorology
• Oceanography
• Agrometeorology

On-line data flow

(GTS Schedule):

• Meteorology
• Aerology
• Marine meteorology
• Oceanography

RIHMI-WDC Data Fund

41 515 ML

2 356 000

Meteorological stations in Russia

Meteorological stations

Main problems

1. Search of missing data and filling in gaps in State Fund Databases of standard meteorological observations. 2. Creation of appropriate metadata sets (stations history, physics-geographic description etc.). 3. Search and digitizing of non-standard meteorological

• bservations data (meteorological expeditionary data,

weather data from old tables forms, snow observations in mountains, etc.). 4. Creation of specialized high-quality data sets.

The missing data in standard meteorological observations ( On computer-readable media in RIHMI RIHMI-

• WDC )

WDC )

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 1885 1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

%

Origin of data inhomogeneity in Russia

• Change in the observation procedure
• Change in meteorological data processing procedures
• Instrumental change
• Displacement of meteorological stations

Meteorological observations in Russia

( Change in the observation procedure and change in meteorological data processing procedures)

Years Times\ day Format 1891 - 1935 Three (7, 13, 21 Local Time) A 1936 - 1965 Four (1, 7, 13, 19 LT) B 1966 - 1976 Eight (3, 6, 9… Moscow Time) C 1977 - 1984 Eight (3, 6, 9… Moscow Time) D 1985 - 1992 Eight (3, 6, 9… Moscow Time) E 1993 - now Eight (3, 6, 9… Greenwich Time) E

3-HOURLY DATA SET Air temperature Water vapour pressure Dew-point temperature Relative humidity Sea level pressure Station level pressure Air pressure tendency Visibility Total cloud amount Lower cloud amount Cloud genera Height of cloud base Wind speed Wind direction Precipitation Present weather Past weather Surface temperature Ground state Atmospheric phenomena DAILY DATA SET Mean daily air temperature Maximum air temperature Minimum air temperature Daily precipitation Snow depth Snow coverage Characteristics of site Minimum of relative humidity Minimum of surface temperature Wind speed maximum Atmospheric phenomena Atmospheric phenomena duration Daily total and low cloud amount Sunshine duration

List of meteorological elements

Snow cover observations

Changes in codes of visibility ( Example )

. . . 30000 16000 20000 80 400 800 40 04 300 600 30 03 200 400 20 02 100 200 10 01 <100 <10 00 180 X9 . . . 40 Х2 20 Х1 >20 Х0 Visibility (m) Visibility (m) Visibility (m) Visibility (m) Code 1960 – now 1950- 1959 1947- 1949 Before 1947

Daily, whole year No 320 Daily, whole year No 240 Daily, whole year No 160 Daily, whole year No 120 Daily, whole year No 80 Daily, whole year (n/a since 1970) No 60 Hourly, whole year No 40 Hourly, whole year Hourly, warm period 20 Hourly, whole year Hourly, warm period 15 Hourly, whole year Hourly, warm period 10 Hourly, whole year Hourly, warm period 5 Hourly, whole year (since 1970) No 2 Natural surface Clean surface Depth (cm)

Soil temperature observations

Creation of specialized high-quality data sets:

Creation of long-time series of meteorological

• bservations on computer-readable media

Data rescue and filling in gaps in databases Formation of metadata sets; Elimination of inhomogeneity in meteorological data

series that is caused by the change in observation and processing procedures, instrumental change, etc.

Ensuring the opportunity of regular update of data sets

with current information.

Baseline Climatological Data Sets

http://www.meteo.ru/climate/

• MEAN MONTHLY AIR TEMPERATURE DATA SET FROM 476 RUSSIAN STATIONS
• MONTHLY PRECIPITATION DATA SET FROM 476 RUSSIAN STATIONS
• MEAN MONTHLY AIR PRESSURE ( STATION LEVEL) DATA SET FROM 476

RUSSIAN STATIONS

• MONTHLY SUNSHINE DURATION DATA SET FROM 476 RUSSIAN STATIONS
• SOIL TEMPERATUTA DATA SET
• DAILY AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION DATA SET FROM 223

METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS OVER THE FORMER USSR TERRITORY

• DATA SET “SNOW COVER CHARACTERISTICS FROM 223 METEOROLOGICAL

STATIONS OVER THE FORMER USSR TERRITORY”

• snow cover state characteristics for fixed routes observations

Record format in data files (MEAN MONTHLY AIR TEMPERATURE DATA SET)

Line end character 2 83-84

• /-

Air temperature in December 5 78-82 14 … … … … . Blank 1 29

• /-

Air temperature in March 5 24-28 5 Blank 1 23

• /-

Air temperature in February 5 18-22 4 Blank 1 17 In 0C, accurate within 0.10C Air temperature in January 5 12-16 3 Blank 11 Year 4 7-10 2 Blank 1 6 WMO index of station 5 1-5 1 Notes Field name Field length Position Field numbe r

Snow cover extent

9

depth data Complementary flag of snow

8

Snow depth

7

Day

6

Month

5

Year

4

Longitude

3

Latitude

2

Index WMO

1

Field contents

N

The format of data set of snow cover characteristics for stations site observations

The format of data set of snow cover state characteristics for fixed routes observations

Extent of crust along a route (0-10) 10 Extent of snow cover along a route (0-10) 9 Extent of snow cover over route surroundings (0 -10) 8 Route type 7 Day 6 Month 5 Year 4 Longitude 3 Latitude 2 Index WMO 1 Field contents N Snow cover type 21 Snow covering type 20 General water amount (mm) 19 Water equivalent of snow cover (mm) 18 Thickness of pure water (sm) 17 Thickness of water-inundated snow cover (sm) 16 Thickness of crust layer (mm) 15 Snow density (g/smA3) 14 Snow cover depth minimum (sm) 13 Snow cover depth maximum (sm) 12 Snow cover depth average (sm) 11 Field contents N

Analysis of climate change

CLIMATOLOGY DEPARTMENT CLIMATOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Climate monitoring Applied climatology Preparation and issuing of climatic manuals Creation of specialized high-quality data sets

WEATHER CONDITIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA IN 2008 Mean annual air temperature anomalies for the period of 1939- 2008 averaged over the territory of Russia.

Climate monitoring

2008

β = 0,2 0C/10yr

• 2.0
• 1.5
• 1.0
• 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

∆Т [ 0C ]

Air temperature anomalies in January 2008. Insets show mean monthly and mean daily air temperatures in January 2008 at meteorological stations Marresalya, Anadyr’ and Ust’-Koksa.

Climate monitoring

Precipitation total in July 2008 against normal. Insets show monthly precipitation total series in July and daily precipitation in 2008 at meteorological stations Moskva, Chertkovo, Kislokan, and Srednekolymsk

Climate monitoring

Anomalies of the number of days with snow covering more than 50% of the area around a meteorological station in the winter of 2007-2008 (as against mean long-term values for the period 1961-1990). The insets show: а) early dates of snow covering more than 50% of the area around a meteorological station and mean daily values of the extent of snow cover on the territory around meteorological stations Ishim (28573) and Okhotsk (31088).

Climate monitoring

Extreme events

(Bulygina O.N., Razuvaev V.N.,Korshunova N.N., Groisman, P. Ya.,2007: Climate variations and changes in extreme climate events in Russia., Environ. Res. Lett. 2 N4 (October-December 2007)045020, 7 pp.) Linear trend coefficients ( n /10 yr ) in the time-series of number of days with abnormally high (a) and low (b) temperatures. Time period 1951-2006.

a) b)

in Winter (DJF) in Winter (DJF) in Summer (JJA) in Summer (JJA)

Analysis of climate change

Linear trend coefficients ( n /10 yr ) in the time-series of number of days with abnormally high diurnal temperature range (DTR) Time period 1951-2006.

in Winter (DJF) in Summer (JJA) Extreme events

1 – -0.3 ≤ k < -0.1, 2 – -0.1 ≤ k < 0, 3 – 0 < k ≤ 0.1, 4 – 0.1 < k ≤ 0.2, 5 – 0.2 < k ≤ 0.3, 6 – 0.3 < k ≤ 0.4, 7 – 0.4 < k ≤ 0.6, 8 – reliability ≥ 95%, 9 – insignificant trend Linear trend coefficients (оC for a decade) of mean annual soil temperatures at the 320-cm depth in 1965 – 2006.

( ARTEM B. SHERSTYUKOV

“Climate changes and their consequence in permafrost zone of Russia”.,2009)

( Bulygina O.N., Razuvaev V.N.,2007: Changes in snow cover characteristics over the Russian territory in recent decades )

Linear trend coefficients in the time series of the number

• f days with snow cover exceeding 1 cm for 1951-2006

Snow cover

Handbook “Climate of Russia” Electronic version

It is possible to regularly update the database of statistical characteristics. No DBMSs are used. The Handbook deals directly with tabulated files of the database of statistical characteristics. Database of statistical characteristics is equipped with: Selection program, Browser, Printer. For the list of meteorological stations selected from the catalog, the Handbook makes it possible to: Choose the indicated statistical parameters from the database’s tables, Display the results of the station sample, Save the data in the data file, Print the data.

Preparation and issuing of climatic manuals

Result of the station sample from the catalog in the window “Selection of stations”

Result of the station sample on the map

Selection of tables in the window “Preparing the enquiry (dialog window” on the PC screen. Output tables on the PC screen. Saving as files

• r printing is possible.

Russian hydrometeorological baseline data sets may be used for creation of specialized data sets for NEESPI Information Data Base.

CONCLUSION

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