RRIN NIGERIA R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F - - PDF document

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RRIN NIGERIA R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F - - PDF document

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02 11 2012 H INSTITUTE C R A E S E R RUBBER O F N I G E R I A IYANOMO BENIN CITY RUBBER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF NIGERIA P M B 1049, IYANOMO,BENIN CITY EDO STATE, NIGERIA. R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O

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02‐11‐2012 1

RUBBER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF NIGERIA P M B 1049, IYANOMO,BENIN CITY EDO STATE, NIGERIA.

R E S E A R C H

RUBBER

IYANOMO BENIN CITY

O F N I G E R I A

INSTITUTE

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

RRIN NIGERIA

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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02‐11‐2012 2

Relative Abundance of Mistletoe in Hevea

Plantation in Edo State, Nigeria.

*Orumwense, K.O., Eguavoen, O. I., Aigbodion, A.I.,Anegbeh, P.O. and Omorusi, V.I Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P M B 1049, Iyanomo ‐Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. * kensmwense@gmail.com.

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION

  • The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a

commercial plantation crop.

  • Cultivated for its economic importance

because of the production of a sap‐ like extract known as latex from which natural rubber is obtained.

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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02‐11‐2012 3

  • Rubber plant is often attacked by several

pathogens and pests

  • This diseases affect all parts of rubber plant :

leaf, stem and branches, roots e.t.c

  • If left uncontrolled, it posses a very serious

treat to the entire plantation and the rubber industry.

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

MATURE RUBBER PLANTATION IN BENIN

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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  • Mistletoe is an air‐borne parasitic plant which

lives off the sap of the host

  • Two species are known to be very common

with the rubber tree namely :

  • A. Loranthus incanus recognised by its yellow

flowers

  • B. Loranthus brunneur with the red flower.
  • The parasite grows from seed deposited by

birds on the tree trunk

  • Mistletoe spreads silently and slowly

throughout the plantation

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

Loranthus incanus on Hevea branch NIG 800

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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Large presence of mistletoe on Hevea branch

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

Loranthus incanus recognised by its yellow flowers

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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Typical Loranthus incanus flower

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the level of the incidences of the plant parasite and the level of clonal susceptibility.

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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MATERIALS

  • Design : 40 hectare polyclonal garden
  • Location : RRIN South – South, Nigeria.
  • latitude 6000’ – 6015N
  • longitude 5030 ‐ 5045E
  • Altitude 27m above see level
  • Annual rainfall ranging from 1230mm –

2580mm

  • Monthly temperature falls between 280‐300C.

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

Six (6) Hevea clones comprising of ‐ (a) Indigenous clones : NIG 800, NIG 801, NIG 803 (b) Exotic clones: RRIM707, PR 107, GT 1 were identified and assessed. (a) Fifty (50) rubber trees per clone were randomly selected, marked and assessed for the incidences of the disease.

  • Data were recorded and analysed using Parry's

(1990) based on infection category

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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RESULTS

Table 1: Clones identified at the polyclonal garden in RRIN

Clones Cultivation Total No.

  • f

plant sampled

  • No. of plants

detected with Mistletoe NIG 800 Indigenous 50 41 NIG 801 Indigenous 50 26 NIG 803 Indigenous 50 19 GT 1 Exotic 50 28 PR 107 Exotic 50 31 RRIM 707 Exotic 50 33

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

Table 2. Percentage Disease Index (PDI) for clones assessed.

CLONE P D I D C NIG 800 62.00(±13.93) Severe NIG 801 53.48(±13.69) Severe NIG 803 14.30(±12.48) Light GT 1 48.00(±8.68) Moderate PR 107 17.50(± 7.37) Light RRIM 707 28.25(±6.73) Moderate

PDI=Percentage Disease Index with standard error in parenthesis. DC = Disease Category.

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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  • All the clones assessed were remarkably

susceptible to mistletoe infestation

  • NIG 800 clone shows high susceptibility with

82% of trees assessed having PDI 62(±13.93), while NIG 803 shows least susceptibility, with 38% of trees assessed and PDI 14.30(±12.48)

  • The exotic clones considered as an important

variety in the past known for its resistance to mistletoe has tended to become susceptible.

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

  • RRIM 707 clone shows high susceptibility ,

66% of assessed trees with PDI 28.25 (±6.73), while GT 1 was 56% of assessed trees with PDI 48.00 (±8.68).

  • Unlike the mature plantation, other rubber

diseases were observed .

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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From literature birds are known to be the agent

  • f dispersal as shown below

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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Mature field adjacent to site of study

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

OBSERVATIONS

  • In the study area, the plantation was well

infested by mistletoe

  • The presence of some Palm trees close to the

field of survey were observed

  • There exist a mature plantation adjacent to

this field of study with similar clones as shown above

  • Interest[y. none off the clones were infested

with the plant parasitic mistletoe

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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  • Previously, the Characterisation of natural

rubber latex from mistletoe infested Hevea tree of NIG 804 clones was analysed by Akinlabi et al (2005). Their finding revealed that there is a relationship between the level

  • f infestation and the quantity of latex exuded

from the tree whereas no relationship was noticed between the level of infestation and the quality of natural rubber latex.

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

CONCLUSION

  • Rubber is important to the socio‐economic life of

many nations today

  • Impact of the mistletoe infestation on Hevea host

in this study was severe but if allowed to continue could become a serious threat to the survival of the Hevea plantation.

  • Early detection is still been recommended as a

way of checking its spread.

  • However, research is ongoing to under study the

influx and spread of birds within the plantation

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA

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THANK YOU

R U B B E R R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E O F NIGERIA