Nigeria-Largest Producer and consumer global National cowpea demand - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Science of Podborer Resistant Cowpea

Public Presentation on Bt Cowpea

Naman Talaka!

Nigeria-Largest Producer and consumer global National cowpea demand deficit for Nigeria- >500,000 t National productivity average around 350Kg/ha grains Cultivated in cereal-based system Grown everywhere mostly in savannas Mode of utilisation-traditional, low level industrial

Dr M F Ishiyaku

FOODS

Sucking bug complex

▪ Acanthomia spp ▪ Anoplocnemis curvipes ▪ Riptortus dentipes ▪ Nezara viridula

Maruca Moth Maruca larva

FEEDS ON YOUNG LEAVES FEEDS ON FLOWER BUDS FEEDS ON FLOWERS FEEDS ON YOUNG PODS BY BURROWING INTO PODS WITH HEAVY MARUCA INFESTATION SUCKING BUGS & STORAGE WEEVILS WILL HAVE NOTHING! MARUCA CAUSES UPTO 80% YIELD LOSS

SURMOUNTING CONSTRAINTS

• 1. INSECTICIDE SPRAYS

EXPENSIVE *UNAFFORDABLE TO RESOURCE POOR FARMERS *USES UP PRECIOUS FOREIGN RESERVE UNSAFE TO HEALTH *CAUSES DEATH, SICKNESS, DISABILITY etc UNSAFE TO ENVIRONMENT *KILLS BENEFICIAL ORGANISMS, RESIDUAL

SAMPEA 7- High yielding semi-erect, brown SAMPEA 8-Insect Tolerant, early SAMPEA 9-Medium Maturing-Savannah SAMPEA 10-Striga and Alectra Resistant SAMPEA 11-Good for Dry season, nematode resistant etc SAMPEA 18

Screened 15,000 accessions, no resistance Resistance in Vigna vexillata (wild relative) Unsuccessful wide crossing e.g. Fatokun et al History of safe use GMOs since 1992-maize, cotton, rice, garden eggs etc The Bt Gene originate from a saprophytic and ubiquitous soil borne bacteria Gene product (the Cry protein) has long history

• f safe use by farmers as sprays since ancient

times

Transformed with CryA1b gene from Bacillus thurengensis Gene construct pBSF16, Selectable (bar) reporter (uidA) genes for Phosphinothricin acetyl Transfarase (PAT) and Glucuronidase (GUS) Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1

A B C D E F G H I

Transgenic Plants infested with larva All larvae that fed on Transgenic plants (those with Bt genes in them) died.

W h y ?

▪ Confirm lab observation under field

conditions

▪ Efficacy of gene under natural

environment of production

▪ Expression level ▪ Interaction of genotype by

Dr M F Ishiyaku

environment if any

Application for CFT to National Biosafety Committee

▪ GENETIC CONFINEMENT ▪ MATERIAL CONFINEMENT ▪ GENE EFFICACY

Dr M F Ishiyaku

Interaction with NBC to scrutinize application Verify measures put in place

Dr M F Ishiyaku

CFT APPROVAL PROCESS:INTERACTION WITH REGULATORS

Dr M F Ishiyaku

PERMIT FOR CFT GRANTED BY THE BIOSAFETY OFFICE- MARCH 5, 2009

Dr M F Ishiyaku

Moving from Laboratory to Field

Dr M F Ishiyaku

Planting CFT

At bud initiation each test plant in all plots was infested with 40 1st instar larvae every 3 days until maturity This artificial insect pressure is more than thrice one can find in nature Planting of transgenic events

Dr M F Ishiyaku

709 GM IT86D-1010 Non GM parent

Dr M F Ishiyaku

Non GM Check 710 GM

Netting was introduced to ensure that infested larvae cause maximum damage possible

709A-IMPROVED IT86D-1010 UNIMPROVED 1023J-IMPROVED

Data collection

▪ Agronomic ▪ Entomological-reaction to

Maruca

▪ Biosafety compliance-visits by

NBC

Dr M F Ishiyaku

Relative Performance in Grain Yields of Transgenic Cowpea lines and the check

40 35 30 25 20 15 709A 252D IT86D-1010 10 5 2010 2011 2012

CFTs Repeated for 4 yrs. Repeated similar good results lead to the selection of event 709 and used for further breeding

Dr M F Ishiyaku

Non transgenic No difference in Seed Outlook between Transgenics and non transgenics

Dr M F Ishiyaku

NEED FOR INTROGRESSION:CONSUMER PREFERENCE

GENERATE F1 HYBRIDS FROM LOCAL VARIETIES (WHITE & BROWN SEEDS) FIRST BACKCROSS-MARKER TOOLS SECOND BACKCROSS THIRD, FOURTH & FIFTH BACKCROSSES NEED FOR EFFECTIVE MARKERS SELECT ELITE LINES FOR MR&LOCAL GENOME