September 2016
September 2016 At a glance Largest independent cement producer in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
September 2016 At a glance Largest independent cement producer in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
September 2016 At a glance Largest independent cement producer in Africa, 44Mta capacity operational as of September 2016 29.3Mta capacity across three state-of-the-art plants in Nigeria, Sub- Saharan Africas largest cement market
At a glance
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- Largest independent cement producer in Africa, 44Mta capacity operational as of September 2016
– 29.3Mta capacity across three state-of-the-art plants in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa’s largest cement market – 1.5Mta due onstream in Congo in H2 2016, and 0.7Mta import facility in Sierra Leone
- Delivering strong financial and operating performance
– FY 2015 revenues of ₦491.7bn – FY 2015 EBITDA of ₦262.4bn at 53.4% margin – Q2 2016 net debt of ₦293.3B, gearing of 43.1%
- On track for a diversified pan-African business profile
– Target of >75Mta capacity in 17 countries
- Largest company on Nigerian Stock Exchange
– Market capitalisation $10bn; ca. 30% of total NSE capitalisation – A bellwether on the cement sector and on Africa’s growth
Strong Financial Growth
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57.8% 55.5% 58.3% 59.5% 57.0% 53.4% 50% 52% 54% 56% 58% 60% 100 200 300 400 500 600 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Revenues (₦B) EBITDA (₦B) EBITDA margin (%)
19.4% CAGR 17.5% CAGR
₦B
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Nigeria (manufactured) Nigeria (imported) Cameroon Congo Ethiopia Ghana Senegal Sierra Leone South Africa Tanzania Zambia
Strong Volume Growth
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19.5% CAGR
Increasing proportion of non-Nigerian volumes as new plants achieve good gains in market share
Million tonnes
Our presence – existing and planned
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- Present capacity 43.6Mta across 8 countries
- Nigeria – 29.25Mta
- South Africa – 3.3Mta
- Tanzania – 3.0Mta
- Ethiopia – 2.5Mta
- Senegal – 1.5Mta
- Cameroon – 1.5Mta
- Zambia – 1.5Mta
- Ghana – 1.0Mta
- 2.2Mta new capacity coming online in Q4
- 1.5Mta integrated plant in Congo
- 0.7Mta import facility in Sierra Leone in Q4
- Remain committed to scale of expansion
- But expansion schedule will depend on FX availability
- Priorities will be:
- 1. New markets able to generate FX for Group
- 2. Increasing utilization of existing assets
- 3. Brownfield expansions
- Group aims to be >75Mta and a top-5 producer
Senegal 1.5-3.0 Mta Ghana 2.5 Mta Cameroon 1.5-3.0 Mta Ethiopia 5.0 Mta Tanzania 3.0 Mta Zambia 1.5-3.0 Mta South Africa 3.3 Mta Liberia 0.5 Mta Côte d’Ivoire 3.0 Mta Kenya 1.5-3.0 Mta Zimbabwe 1.5 Mta Congo 1.5 Mta Niger 1.5 Mta Mali 1.5 Mta Nigeria 38-41 Mta Sierra Leone 0.7 Mta
Why Sub-Saharan Africa? Why Cement?
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Cement demand driven by increasing population, urbanisation and prosperity Sub-Saharan Africa significantly lags global average per-capita cement consumption Huge opportunity for African producers to expand, replace imports, especially in West Africa, much of which lacks limestone Africa is the last major growth market for cement with relatively little surplus capacity at present High capital cost of entry, construction time and access to resources are key barriers to entry Key markets are Nigeria, Ethiopia, South Africa; cement ‘majors’ with high net debt/EBITDA are less able to take on additional debt to to finance entry to these markets Cement is an essential building material with no viable substitutes, Africa needs billions of tonnes in the coming decades
Dangote Cement is the only large-scale player in Sub-Saharan African Cement markets
Many incumbents are sub- scale, use older technologies, so are vulnerable to well- funded industry disruptors
Overview of African Cement Market
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- Increasing political stability enabling rapid economic growth
- Steady population growth, younger profile increases need for building
- Emerging middle-class, increasing consumerisation and access to
financial services e.g. banking, mortgages, credit
- Increasing demand for more and higher grades of cement as
urbanisation continues across the continent, demanding more infrastructure, housing and commercial building
Positive Long-Term Mega Trends
Source: Industry Sources, BMI. 1. Global average includes China.
- Unlocking of natural resources (oil, commodities)
- Increased manufacturing capabilities (for both domestic consumption
and exports)
- Increasing inward investment as aid is replaced by commercial funding
- Accelerating technological adoption, enabling ‘leap-frogging’
- In early build-out phase of development, cement is used in ‘economic
multipliers’ e.g. infrastructure, with positive feedback for cement demand
Supportive Growth Factors
- Historical SSA GDP growth of 4.6% between 2010 – 2014
- Expected SSA GDP growth of 4.2% between 2014 – 2018 (World Bank)
- Construction industry value forecast to grow at 6.5% CAGR
between 2015 – 2017
Attractive Macro Economic Situation Rapid Increase in Urbanisation Presents Strong Opportunity
408m 1,427m 634m 1,046m 1,041m 2,473m 2010 2050
Urban Rural Liberia Niger Ethiopia Mali Zimbabwe Sierra Leone Tanzania Senegal Kenya Nepal Cameroon Côte d’Ivoire Zambia Ghana
Laos
Congo
Palestine Pakistan
Nigeria 100 200 300 400 500 600 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
Global Average: 573kg(1)
Materially Lower Cement Consumption in Africa
GNI US$ Per-capita cement consumption (Kg)
Cement consumption in Africa has high and long-term growth potential
- Over 1.4B Africans are forecast to live in urban areas by 2050, which is
> 4x North America’s current population
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Strategic Raw Material Access
Location, quality and quantity of Dangote Cement’s limestone reserves is a key competitive advantage
- Limestone
is the key and irreplaceable ingredient
- f all types of modern cement
- Commercially viable deposits of limestone are relatively
scarce across many parts of Africa – Ideally need high-quality limestone to be near demand centres, fuel and distribution network
- Nigeria has a relative abundance of quality limestone
especially in key southern regions near to demand centres, export facilities – Nigeria also has good-quality coal that we will mine to achieve self-sufficiency in fuel
- Absence of limestone in much of West and East Africa,
especially coastal states, forces those countries to import bulk cement or its intermediate product, clinker, usually from Far East and Nigeria
- Limestone reserves close to existing facilities each with a
life of mine in excess of 30 years
- Dangote Cement plans an ‘export to import’ strategy to
serve West Africa and Cameroon from Nigerian factories, exporting by road and in time by sea
Limestone in Nigeria is high quality and close to demand centres
Goal Vision
Strategic Initiatives and Goals
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Grow and diversify across the last and potentially most attractive major growth market for cement
Strategic Pillars / Long-Term Goals Consolidate expansion across Africa Achieve leadership in key markets Tap high-value export markets Capture local markets with superior quality and service Adhere to global standards of governance Improve sustainability
Strive to obtain a #1 or #2 position in each market, with at least 30% share Serve landlocked markets with high sales prices and margins, generate FX to offset imported raw materials Serve markets with delivered product instead of factory gate sales; use financial strength to improve service, reduce costs Achieving international standing through good governance enables us to access global financial markets Be most energy and CO2 efficient company in our industry, with low environmental footprint when compared to peers
- Key elements of business model
– Target high-growth, populous markets with cement deficits and older/less efficient producers – Be the leader in quality, costs and service wherever we operate – Expand quickly and profitably when rivals are hampered by debt or smaller scale
A strategy to become a respected and world-class business leader
To deliver superior and sustainable risk-adjusted ROI, IRR on our investments To be Africa’s leading producer of cement, respected for the quality of its products and services and for the way it conducts its business
Value Creation
Size and buying power enables favourable procurement of plants at lower cost; brownfield increases returns Careful market selection looks for countries with good resources, cement deficit, ageing peers and investment incentives Larger scale of plants built with high degree of standardisation and prefabrication to reduce capex, improve returns New quarries enable
- ptimal mining of
highest quality raw materials, improving product quality Good emissions control helps environment, improves competitiveness in face of increasing industry regulation Strong focus on quality ensures best-quality materials, manufacturing processes and end products, reduces waste Fuel strategy improves margins by bulk procurement, switch to lower-cost kiln/power fuels e.g. coal Larger kiln sizes enables higher-efficiency production of clinker in most expensive step of production Use of modern vertical rolling mills enables finer cement grinding, improves quality with positive impact on setting time for block makers Highly automated packing and loading reduces manual loading, enables higher throughput through packing lines Ability to buy/operate trucks in bulk enables superior distribution capabilities, extends market reach
Strong competitive advantages delivering improved returns for shareholders
=
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Board and Committee Structure
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Board of Directors
Aliko Dangote (1) Onne van der Weijde Devakumar Edwin Sani Dangote Abdu Dantata Olakunle Alake Joseph Makoju Olusegun Olusanya Emmanual Ikazoboh* Ernest Ebi* Fidelis Madavo Douraid Zaghouani Dorothy Ufot*
Finance and General Purpose Committee Olusegun Olusanya(1) Devakumar Edwin Sani Dangote Olakunle Alake Emmanuel Ikazoboh Ernest Ebi Fidelis Madavo Audit and Risk Committee Ernest Ebi(1) Devakumar Edwin Olusegun Olusanya Sani Dangote Olakunle Alake Emmanuel Ikazoboh Fidelis Madavo Remuneration and Governance Committee Emmanuel Ikazoboh Devakumar Edwin Sani Dangote Olusegun Olusanya Abdu Dantata Joseph Makoju Ernest Ebi Nomination Committee Aliko Dangote(1) Olusegun Olusanya Emmanuel Ikazoboh Ernest Ebi Fidelis Madavo Technical Committee Fidelis Madavo(1) Devakumar Edwin Olakunle Alake Abdu Dantata Joseph Makoju Ernest Ebi Douraid Zaghouani Statutory Audit Committee(2) Robert Ade-Odiachi(1) Olakunle Alake Joseph Makoju Olusegun Olusanya Sada Ladan-Baki Bridget Shiedu
Note: * denotes Independent Non-Executive Directors. 1. Chairman of Committee. 2. The Statutory Audit Committee is not a Committee of the Board.
56 58 106 106 166 214 50 100 150 200 250 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Annual Report Pages
Strong Corporate Governance
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- Achieved Premium Listing status on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, August 2015
- Followed rigorous audit of governance policies
- June 2016 appointment of first female director, Mrs Dorothy Ufot, SAN
- Adds strong legal knowledge
- Two Independent Non-Executive Directors appointed in 2014
- Ernest Ebi
- Emmanuel Ikazoboh
- Group-wide risk management initiative
- Improved Annual Report providing stakeholders with more information
and greater transparency
- Implementation of key policies to meet international standards of governance
International standards of governance EHSS commitments
- EHSS Head Massimo Bettanin appointed Q2 2016
- Formerly adviser to DCP during its work with ERM consultancy
- Major Environment, Health & Safety and Social initiative
- Standard approaches to be rolled out across all territories
- Occupational Health & Safety Management System
- Improves on plant-by-plant approach adopted so far
- Teams being recruited to Dangote Cement EHSS program in 2016
- Working to adopt IFC Performance Standards
- Will adopt NSE’s Sustainability Reporting guidelines when introduced,
probably for 2017 reporting year
- Likely to be based upon GRI G4 Sustainability reporting Guidelines
- Carbon disclosure likely from 2017
Improving corporate disclosure
Highlights for H1 2016
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Financial results
- Revenue up 20.6% to ₦292.2B
- EBITDA down 10.2% to ₦132.5B at 45.4% margin, on lower
selling price, higher fuel costs in Nigeria and plants in ramp-up
- EPS down 13.7% to ₦6.23
- Net debt of ₦293.3B, gearing ratio of 43.1%
Operational highlights
- Group cement volumes up 59.6% to nearly 13.0Mt
- Record sales volumes in Nigerian market,
up 38.8% to more than 8.7Mt after price reduction
- West & Central Africa sales volumes up 185% to 2.6Mt*
- South & East Africa sales volumes up 79.6% to 1.6Mt*
- Good start in Tanzania with strong market share gains
- Appointment of Dorothy Ufot as first woman on Board
- Appointment of Massimo Bettanin as Head of EHSS
– Brief to prepare Dangote Cement to comply with proposed Sustainability Disclosure Guidelines from 2017
*As of 1st January 2016, Ethiopia was regrouped into the West & Central operating region
Regional revenues (₦bn)
Six months to 30th June 2016 2015 Change Nigeria 216.6 207.8 4.2% West & Central Africa * 49.9 17.1 192% South & East Africa 26.1 17.3 50.9% Inter-company sales (0.4)
- Total
292.2 242.2 20.6%
Regional sales volumes (‘000 tonnes) +45.4% +00.0%
2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 H1 2015 H1 2016 Nigeria W&C Africa S&E Africa
Financial Overview
Six months to 30th June 2016 2015 ₦B ₦B % change Comments Revenue 292.2 242.2 20.6%
Maiden H1 contributions from non-Nigerian factories and improved revenue from Nigeria
Cost of sales (139.2) (84.5) 64.7%
Higher fuel costs in Nigeria owing to gas disruption
Gross profit 153.0 157.7 (3.0%) Gross margin 52.4% 65.1%
57% in Nigeria, 17% Pan-Africa
EBITDA 132.5 147.5 (10.2%)
Lower selling price and higher fuel costs in Nigeria, plus impact of plants in ramp-up
EBITDA margin 45.4% 60.9% EBIT 98.0 122.4 (19.9%) EBIT margin 33.6% 50.5% Net finance income 26.8 6.3
Net gain of N42.7B on translation of net assets denominated in foreign currency
Profit before tax 124.9 128.7 (3.0%) Income tax (expense)/credit (21.4) (6.9) 210%
Effective tax rate is 17.2% at Group, 10% in Nigeria
Profit for the period 103.4 121.8 (15.1%) Earnings per share 6.23 7.22 (13.7%) 14 Income Statement
Financial Overview
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Kiln fuel (cement plant) 36% Power Plant 10% Limestone 1% Mine costs 2% Gypsum 5% Packaging 10% Refractories 1% Other variable 3% Maintenance 5% O&M contract 3% Direct wages 6% Plant general 6% SG&A 12%
% of average cash costs per tonne (Nigeria, 2016 ytd)
(cont’d)
Approximately 60% of cash costs US$ based
Financial Overview
16 Movement in net debt Cash ₦B Debt ₦B Net debt ₦B As at 1st January 2016 40.8 (245.0) (204.2) Cash generated from operations before changes in working capital 113.9
- 113.9
Changes in working capital 7.6
- 7.6
Income tax paid (0.7)
- (0.7)
Capital expenditure (54.6)
- (54.6)
Other investing activities (3.1)
- (3.1)
Change in non-current prepayments 7.1
- 7.1
Net interest payments (19.8)
- (19.8)
Net loans obtained (repaid) 79.4 (79.4)
- Other cash and non-cash movements
14.8 (18.0) (3.2) Dividend paid (136.3)
- (136.3)
As at 30th June 2016 49.1 342.4 293.3
(cont’d)
17 As at As at 30/06/16 31/12/15 ₦B ₦B Property, plant and equipment 1,065.2 917.2 Other non-current assets 26.1 25.1 Intangible assets 6.3 2.6 Current assets 224.6 125.2 Cash and cash equivalents 49.1 40.8 Total Assets 1,371.3 1,110.9 Non-current liabilities 84.8 57.2 Current liabilities 257.6 153.4 Debt 342.4 255.6 Total liabilities 691.0 466.0 Net Assets 680.2 644.7 Net debt as % of net assets 43.1% 33.3%
Financial Overview
Balance sheet
(cont’d)
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Analysis of Debt
₦bn Short-term Long-term Total %
Naira 62.8 207.3 270.1 78.9% US$ 20.4 4.4 24.8 7.2% Rand 3.2 39.1 42.3 12.4% Other 5.2 5.2 1.5%
- DCP has low US$ debt exposure
- BUT: DCP Nigeria lends funds to country operations in US$
- Results in gain on translation as Naira devalues
Nigeria Performance
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- Record H1 sales up 38.8% to nearly 8.8Mt
- Q2 sales up 31.8% despite recent price increases
- Market share of 66% vs 58% in H1 2015
- Imports rapidly falling away at lower price
- Gas disruption worsens, weighs on margins, along with
lower selling price in Nigeria following Sept 15 price cut
– Coal now on Obajana 1&2 since early July
- Successful marketing initiatives target 14,000+ retail outlets
- Impact of devaluation in late June not yet felt
– At $1=₦285 cash costs rose by 25% – Protection of margin is main objective Nigeria performance
Six months to 30th June 2016 2015 Change
Volumes sold (kt) 8,766 6,315 38.8% Revenue (₦B) 216.6 207.8 4.2% EBITDA (₦B) 124.1 144.3 (14.0%) EBITDA margin 57.3% 67.4%
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2014 2015 2016
Quarterly sales (‘000 tonnes)
+36.3% +45.4%
* Excluding corporate costs and eliminations (see note 4 to accounts)
+31.8%
Fuel Costs in Nigeria
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- Kiln fuel is the major cost of cement production
- Group margins are affected by mix of fuel in Nigerian kilns
- Preference is to run on gas
- Disruption and maintenance have lead to shortages
since 2014, thus affecting margins
- Back-up LPFO often not available locally, forcing
production shutdowns prior to use of coal (especially 2014)
- Gas priced in US$ but paid in naira, so is affected by FX
- Locally bought or mined coal is priced in Naira
- Switch to coal has several positive impacts
- Cheaper and more reliable than gas
- Also eliminates need for expensive LPFO as back-up, or
imported coal
- Reduces FX need for imported fuel
- Could potentially run all lines 100% on local coal
at lower cost than gas
- DCP committed to disclosing CO2 emissions in line
with good practice and potential NSE requirements
+46% +47%
H1 2016
(H1 15)
Obajana Ibese Gas 50% (88%) 26% (83%) Coal 12% (7%) 52% (17%) LPFO 39% (5%) 22% (0%) Kiln fuel mix H1 2016 Relative cost of alternative fuels vs gas per tonne of clinker Obajana Ibese Own-mined coal 0.7x 0.7x Locally bought coal 0.8x 0.8x Imported coal 1.2x 0.9x Gas 1.0x 1.0x LPFO 2.5x 1.8x
Good Progress with Coal Upgrades
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- Decided 2-3 years ago to diversify and de-risk fuel supplies
- Most coal mills will be operational by end of September 2016
- Immediate and positive impact on margins
- Already using locally purchased coal
- Blending with imported coal to assure optimal quality
- Begin mining our own coal at Ankpa, Kogi State in November 2016
- Quality is good enough to use 100%, not blend
- Coal will transform profitability of Gboko (previously 100% LPFO)
+46% +47% Update on coal mills Obajana Capacity Operational date Line 1 2.5Mta June 2016 Line 2 2.5Mta July 2016 Line 3 5.0Mta December 2014 Line 4 3.0Mta October 2016 Ibese Capacity Operational date Line 1 3.0Mta September 2014 Line 2 3.0Mta October 2014 Line 3 3.0Mta September 2016 Line 4 3.0Mta September 2016 Gboko Capacity Operational date Line 1 2.0Mta September 2016 Line 2 2.0Mta October 2016
Ibese Obajana Mines Gboko
West & Central Africa
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- Strong performance across the region
- Sales volumes up 185% to nearly 2.6Mt, including Ethiopia
- Revenues rise 227% to ₦49.9B, EBITDA up 230%
- Excellent sales increases across the region
– Senegal sales up 58% – Ghana up 74% – Cameroon up 240% – Ethiopia up 860%
- Strong market shares achieved
– Senegal 29% share – Ethiopia 28% share – Cameroon 47% share
- Congo set for operations in October 2016
- Sierra Leone expected ready by October 2016
H1 sales ('000 tonnes)
400 800 1,200 1,600 2,000 2,400 2015 2016
West & Central Africa performance
Six months to 30th June 2016 2015 Change
Volumes sold (kt) 2,562 898 185% Revenue (₦B) 49.9 17.1 192% EBITDA (₦B) 11.8 3.6 230% EBITDA margin 23.7% 21.0%
West & Central Africa
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Cameroon
- GDP growing at c5% but slowing on lower oil price
- Infrastructure investment continues but at more
modest levels
- Cement pricing generally stable, $110 at June 2016
- Our sales volumes up 240%, leading supplier with
47% market share a year after opening Ghana
- Solid economic growth but high inflation because
- f fuel costs, Government revenues impacted by
low oil price, fuel shortages, blackouts not helping construction
- Improved supply and logistics enabled us to
increase market share to 15% on improved sales
- Allocated 1,000 trucks to bring cement from
Nigeria, improving local delivery capability
- Importing from Nigeria provides non-duty
alternative to imports from outside ECOWAS
- Pricing supportive at about $133 in June
Ethiopia
- Economy slowed by drought and subsequent
flooding
- Government committed to infrastructure
- $500m World Bank financing for power, transport
- Strong sales performance, nearly 1Mt, gained 28%
market share in year since opening
- Pricing at about $74/tonne in June 2016
Senegal
- Economy slowing because of lack of key export
goods
- But government has approved $370m
infrastructure investment for roads and power
- Strong sales despite maintenance downtime
- Achieving 29% market share
- Increasing export sales to Mali, also targeting
Gambia and Liberia for bulk cement
- Typical ex-factory price was $79 in June 2016
South & East Africa
24 H1 sales ('000 tonnes)
200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2015 2016
South & East Africa performance
Six months to 30th June 2016 2015 Change
Volumes sold (kt) 1,656 922 79.6% Revenue (₦B) 26.1 17.3 50.9% EBITDA (₦B) 1.1 3.3 (67.4%) EBITDA margin 4.2% 19.3%
- Sales volumes up 79.6% to more than 1.6Mt
- Revenues up 50.9% to ₦26.1B
- EBITDA falls 67.4% owing to lower pricing across
the region, FX challenges and fuel costs in Tanzania
- South Africa volumes up 18% despite poor economy
- Zambia makes good maiden H1 contribution
- Tanzania makes solid start, now a leading supplier
with 23% monthly share in June 2016
South & East Africa
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South Africa
- Economy weak on China slowdown, Brexit worries
- But infrastructure investment set to rise
- Strong 18% volume growth despite economy
- Pricing pressure on competition, new capacity
Tanzania
- Govt has ambitious plans for medium-term growth
but climate is subdued at present following VAT increases
- Infrastructure and housing drive cement demand
- Price competition and new DCP capacity has driven
prices down to about $80
- Solid start to operations at Mtwara, quickly
becoming a leading supplier across Tanzania
- Reliance on diesel gensets will subdue margins until
coal-fired power plant is completed Zambia
- Low copper prices impact export earnings,
Kwacha depreciation vs US$
- Increased unemployment, 20% inflation, power
shortages
- Infrastructure stalling, limited new projects,
‘wait and see’ pending election in August
- But increasing demand from Malawi despite
import permits
- Despite inflation, cement prices under pressure
$72/tonne in June
- Dangote Cement achieves 40%-45% share in first
year
Corporate Developments
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- Dorothy Ufot, SAN, appointed as first female Director
- Brings considerable experience as a leading commercial lawyer
- Substantial experience in international business law
- Strong expertise in international commercial arbitration
- Massimo Bettanin appointed Head of EHSS
- Previously advised Dangote Cement while at ERM
- Helped develop EHSS policies for Dangote Industries
- Will manage development of EHSS strategy and implement roll-out,
monitoring and reporting across all sites
- Prepares DCP to improve disclosure of Sustainability efforts in line with global best practices
+46% +47%
Update on Trading and Outlook for 2016
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- Strong 15% volume growth maintained in Nigeria in Q3 to date
- Would lock in 20% volume growth in Nigeria even if September - December are flat
- Nigeria price increase of ₦600/bag on 29th August
- Covers impact on costs of Naira devaluation, inflation, as previously indicated
- Coal mining to begin in November
- Eliminates need for unreliable gas, expensive LPFO and imported coal
- Could be self-sufficient in fuel when mining is underway
- Fuel mix deteriorated in Q3, so conversion will reverse disruption and fuel cost increases
- New capacity coming online in October
- Congo (1.5Mta)
- Sierra Leone (0.7Mta)
+46% +47%
$130 $140 $150 $160 $170 $180 $190 ₦ 1,000 ₦ 1,200 ₦ 1,400 ₦ 1,600 ₦ 1,800 ₦ 2,000 ₦ 2,200
Ex-factory price before discounts
Naira per bag US$ per tonne
Investor Relations
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