Road Maintenance & Preservation: An Innovative Green & Productive Approach
Outline of Presentation • Introduction • Flexible and Concrete Pavements • Resurfacing: Current Practice and Issues • What Road Owners Really Want • E-Krete - The Green Answer to Your Pavement Problems • Comparison • Machineries used (Premix vs E-Krete) • Conclusions
Introduction • First recorded use of asphalt as a road building material was in Babylon around 625 B.C. while concrete was a more recent phenomenon, around 1894 with the placement in Bellefontaine, Ohio • Asphalt, cheaper - roads, expressways , air and sea ports • Concrete Pavement, being more durable has taken over the duty particularly in areas of high and heavy traffic such as road junctions, bus bays, bus lanes and aircraft parking area to name a few. • With traffic jumping by leaps and bounds in recent memory è increased frequency of pavement restoration. Rise in raw materials has also made pavement restoration an expensive exercise. Not surprisingly, pavement restoration works have come under heavy scrutiny- unnecessary wastes, environmental implications and escalating costs (particularly that of asphalt)
Typical Layers of Pre-Mix
Flexible and Rigid Pavements • Flexible pavements have base courses • Rigid pavements are constructed of of broken stone pieces either compacted Portland Cement concrete slabs resting into place or glued together with bitumen on a prepared sub base of granular to form asphalt. Commonly known as material or directly on a granular asphalt or asphalt concrete pavements subgrade. Commonly known as concrete or premix. pavement.
Problems with Current Materials Inherent characteristics of the materials used to make roads. For Flexible Pavement, this include:- § Asphalt’s greatest enemy is water and U.V. § Being a by-product of crude oil, motor oil and hydraulic fluids will destroy Asphalt § U.V. destroys the asphaltic binder that holds the aggregate. § Asphalt absorbs and retains heat. § Oxidation begins immediately on fresh asphalt. § Cracks in asphalt lead to base failure by water intrusion. § Coal tar sealers are extremely toxic.
Problems with Current Materials Though there are fewer concerns with Rigid pavements, the following problems do exist:- § Spalling § Cracks § Slippery surface
Current Practices of Pavement Restoration Flexible Pavements Time-consuming and Milling expensive processes, Top-up that produces TRAFFIC Compaction CONGESTION and other inconveniences Rigid Pavement as a result; Requires Hacking of old concrete many men and Base Preparation machines to Casting of Concrete accomplish
Issues with Current Practices • Takes long time to do • Causes inconveniences to road users, e.g. traffic congestion • Costly • Many environmental implications- noise, pollution etc • Wastage of natural resources • Treat pavements as expense not an ASSET • Possible health issues
What Road Owners Want Good resurfacing materials with the following characteristics: A durable wearing surface unaffected by U.V., water, and 1. automotive fuels and fluids A paving material that is cost effective, price stable, low 2. maintenance, and environmentally friendly (reduces Urban Heat Islands) A paving material that bonds to new asphalt, severely 3. oxidized asphalt and concrete A paving material that is fast and easy to apply, has good 4. skid properties and low noise riding surface Comes in various colors to suit different needs and are 5. versatile
Solution: Resurfacing • We can do away with all this hacking and milling altogether è SAVES TIME & $$ • Possible because the roads in US and Singapore are basically structurally sound, thanks to the vigilance of our Road Authorities (DOTs in US and LTA in Singapore) • It is vital that any defects must be repaired early when they are only at the surface. • WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY
E-Krete: The Green Solution • A US product from the State of Mississippi, USA • A cementitious polymer composite micro-overlay (PCMO) for roads (both rigid and flexible) and bridges, even steel ones. • Used in US since 1996 with little or no defects • The only EPA approved material for road use. • LEEDS approved (helps cools surface temp by about 7 degree C) • APPROVED BY: NASA, E.P.A., D.O.T, FAA • Currently undergoing trial with LTA, NTU and NParks • Already used in some local projects
Main Characteristics of E-Krete • A water-based, cementitous • Resistance to acids, water, polymer composite motor and hydraulic oils • Fast curing ( Can be open to • Partner of EPA’s “Design for traffic within 2 hours in Sunny Environment” arm Singapore, 5 hours at night) • LEEDS approved • On the average only 3mm • Non-toxic and safe in all thickness handling conditions • Good skid properties (Friction • Mixing is at room temperature number can be varied from so no need to worry about BPN 50s to 90s) being scalded by hot liquid • Offers slight flexibility • Comes in variety of colors • Better Night time Visibility
E-Krete Application E-Krete can be applied manually using a pull blade or done by a placer machine. It can also be sprayed on using a hopper. Pull-‑Blade ¡ Placer ¡Machine ¡with ¡ Hopper ¡Spray ¡ Flex ¡Sled ¡
E-Krete Application High Capacity Work Horse for Expressways
Application: An Easy 3-Step Process STEP ¡1 ¡ STEP ¡2 ¡ STEP ¡3 ¡ Thorough ¡cleaning ¡to ¡ Mixing ¡of ¡E-‑Krete ¡ ¡ Lay ¡E-‑Krete ¡ ¡ remove ¡debris ¡ ( ¡Powder ¡(cement/aggregate ¡+ ¡Resin) ¡ Any repair work is also simple. Just mark out area of repair and apply over with fresh E-krete. Good as NEW
Current Practice vs Using E-Krete Description Current E-Krete Conclusion Method Clean Surface Yes Yes Milling Machine Yes No 1 machine for E- Laying Machine With Fresh With E-Krete Krete VS Asphalt at least 3 machines for Premix Compaction Machine Yes No Curing Yes Yes
Summary: Five Benefits of E-Krete Characteristics Reason Benefits Low Maintenance a. Resistant to U.V., water, acid rain and automotive a. Money saved can be spent on other more fuels & hydraulic fluids important priorities b. Effective and efficient Budget Planning b. Cost Effective (In terms of Life Cycle Costs) c. Stable Price (immune to oil price volatility d. 10-year warranty ensure money saved over life of Warranty Green a. Leaves no carbon footprint a. Helping the Environment b. Reduces Urban Heat Island Built-up b. Reduce Electricity Bills c. EPA and LEEDS approved c. Help save Depleting Natural Resources Fast and Easy No Milling. Bonds well to New/oxidized Asphalt and Saves time and Money Application Concrete Good Skid Properties/ Use Specially Formulated Aggregate size mix blend Safer/ more pleasant travel for Motorists Low Noise Riding Surface Variety of Colours Cater to the different needs of Traffic Management Safer roads for Everyone Control
COMPLETED PROJECTS 2009 – May, 2012
Staircase leading to Budget Terminal, Singapore Changi Airport
VIP Check-in, Terminal 3, Singapore Changi Airport
Progress Galvanizing, 19 Tuas Road
Baggage Area, Terminal 3, Singapore Changi Airport
Slip Road to Terminal 2, Singapore Changi Airport
Slip Road to Budget Terminal, Singapore Changi Airport
Clementi Mall
Up-Ramp to, and Down-Ramp from Terminal 2, Singapore Changi Airport
Up-ramp to and Down-ramp from Departure Hall, Terminal 3, Singapore Changi Airport
Taxiway Markings leading to/from Runways, Singapore Changi Airport
Taxi Stand at Arrival Hall, Terminal 2, Singapore Changi Airport
Sony @ 1 Tuas Road
Give Way to Bus Boxes at Selected Bus Stops at Ang Mo Kio and Bukit Batok
Container Parking Bay and Footpath at OCWS Logistics Pte. Ltd. (Tuas)
Departure Hall, Terminal 3, Singapore Changi Airport
Brani Gate 13, Port of Singapore Authority
Singapore Bus Services, Clementi Bus Interchange
Singapore Bus Services, Clementi Bus Interchange
Slip Road to Departure Hall, Terminal 3, Singapore Changi Airport
Airside Roadway Markings at Terminal 2 Baggage Area, Singapore Changi Airport
Fire Station 1, Singapore Changi Airport
Sentosa Cove North, Sentosa
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