Digital Data Preservation Digital Data Preservation Research into a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Digital Data Preservation Digital Data Preservation Research into a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Digital Data Preservation Digital Data Preservation Research into a solution for preservation of digital Research into a solution for preservation of digital information information Barry M. Lunt, Ph.D.; Professor, Information Barry M. Lunt,

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 1 1

Digital Data Preservation Digital Data Preservation

Research into a solution for preservation of digital Research into a solution for preservation of digital information information Barry M. Lunt, Ph.D.; Professor, Information Barry M. Lunt, Ph.D.; Professor, Information Technology, BYU Technology, BYU Matthew R. Matthew R. Linford Linford, Ph.D.; Associate Professor, , Ph.D.; Associate Professor, Chemistry & Biochemistry, BYU Chemistry & Biochemistry, BYU Feng Feng Zhang, Ph.D. student; Chemistry & Biochemistry Zhang, Ph.D. student; Chemistry & Biochemistry Ryan Ryan Sydenham Sydenham, B.S student; Mechanical Engineering , B.S student; Mechanical Engineering

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 2 2

Presentation Outline Presentation Outline

  • Defining the Problem

Defining the Problem

  • Evidences of the Problem

Evidences of the Problem

  • Stimuli toward Research

Stimuli toward Research

  • Existing Optical Storage

Existing Optical Storage

  • Research Progress

Research Progress

  • Conclusion

Conclusion

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 3 3

Defining the Problem Defining the Problem

  • All current methods of storing digital information

All current methods of storing digital information are ephemeral, by historical standards: are ephemeral, by historical standards:

  • Magnetic: 30

Magnetic: 30 – – 50 years 50 years

  • Optical (recordable): 7

Optical (recordable): 7 – – 23 years 23 years

  • Solid state (Flash memory): 10

Solid state (Flash memory): 10 – – 12 years 12 years

  • Much modern information has no analog

Much modern information has no analog counterpart counterpart

  • Digital information does not gracefully degrade

Digital information does not gracefully degrade

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 4 4

Evidences: Evidences:

“ “Longevity of CD Media Longevity of CD Media” ” – – Research at the Research at the Library of Congress Library of Congress

  • 125 CDs, randomly selected from 60,000 collection

125 CDs, randomly selected from 60,000 collection

All CDs experience the same conditions (normal storage and circulation)

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 5 5

Evidences: Evidences:

“ “Longevity of CD Media Longevity of CD Media” ” – – Library of Congress Library of Congress Accelerated aging test Accelerated aging test

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 6 6

Evidences: Evidences: “ “Longevity of CD Media Longevity of CD Media” ” – – Library of Congress Library of Congress Accelerated aging test Accelerated aging test

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 7 7

Evidences: Evidences:

NIST NIST – – Accelerated aging test, CD Accelerated aging test, CD-

  • Rs

Rs

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 8 8

Evidences: Evidences: NIST NIST – – Accelerated aging test, CD Accelerated aging test, CD-

  • Rs

Rs

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 9 9

Evidences: Evidences: Fred Byers (NIST): Fred Byers (NIST): Accelerated aging test, CD Accelerated aging test, CD-

  • Rs

Rs Projected Time to Failure: 14.75 years; 23.09 Projected Time to Failure: 14.75 years; 23.09 years years

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 10 10

Evidences: Evidences: International Journal for the Preservation International Journal for the Preservation

  • f Library and Archival Material
  • f Library and Archival Material

The Relative Stabilities of Optical Disc Formats The Relative Stabilities of Optical Disc Formats

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Stimuli: Stimuli: Computerworld Computerworld

  • www.computerworld.com/blogs/note/625

www.computerworld.com/blogs/note/625

  • Marian

Marian Prokop Prokop, 7/22/05 , 7/22/05 “ “Federal employees involved in preservation and Federal employees involved in preservation and archiving want the optical disks they use to have a archiving want the optical disks they use to have a lifespan of at least 40 years, according to a survey. lifespan of at least 40 years, according to a survey. The Government Information Preservation The Government Information Preservation Working Group is working the National Institute Working Group is working the National Institute

  • f Standards and Technology to establish a long
  • f Standards and Technology to establish a long-
  • term, or archival, standard measurement for

term, or archival, standard measurement for recordable CD and DVD media. recordable CD and DVD media.” ”

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 13 13

Stimuli: Stimuli: Digital Documents Digital Documents

  • Digital photos

Digital photos

  • Digital videos

Digital videos

  • Computer software

Computer software

  • Computer models

Computer models

  • Blogs

Blogs

  • Other personal websites

Other personal websites

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 14 14

Stimulus Stimulus

  • “

“Predicting the Life Expectancy of Modern Predicting the Life Expectancy of Modern Tape and Optical Media Tape and Optical Media” ”

( (Vivek Vivek Navale Navale, National Archives and Records , National Archives and Records Administration; Aug 15, 2005, Administration; Aug 15, 2005, Vol Vol 9, #4) 9, #4) “ “[The study] shows the probability of failure as a [The study] shows the probability of failure as a function of time at 25 function of time at 25° °C and 50% RH. It predicts a C and 50% RH. It predicts a mean life time of mean life time of 1592 years 1592 years for CD for CD-

  • ROMS

ROMS stored under those conditions. stored under those conditions.” ”

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 15 15

  • Recording technologies

Recording technologies

  • Comparison of CD, DVD, BRD

Comparison of CD, DVD, BRD

  • Stamped

Stamped

  • ROM (writeable)

ROM (writeable) – – dye dye-

  • based

based

  • R/W (re

R/W (re-

  • writeable)

writeable) – – phase phase-

  • change

change

  • R/W (re

R/W (re-

  • writeable)

writeable) – – magneto magneto-

  • optical
  • ptical
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Technology Migration

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SEM of Stamped CD

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SEM of CD-R

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 19 19

Confocal image of CD-R

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 20 20

Recordable Optical Discs

  • Works primarily through the use of

cyanine dyes that absorb energy and create a pit-like structures that act as Amplitude Gratings.

  • Use Groove tracking for “Writing”
  • function. Pit-like Gratings for the

“Reading” function.

Courtesy of Mark Worthington

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 21 21

REWRITABLE OPTICAL DISCS

  • RW technologies use phase

change materials. Active layer (metallic stack) changes states when exposed to pulsed low energy level. Returns to reflective state when exposed to higher energy level. (crystal/amorphous)

Courtesy of Mark Worthington

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 22 22

Magneto Magneto-

  • Optical Technology

Optical Technology

  • Based on Curie point of magnetic materials

Based on Curie point of magnetic materials

  • Uses:

Uses:

  • Laser to heat material to near Curie point

Laser to heat material to near Curie point

  • Magnetic field to change magnetization

Magnetic field to change magnetization

  • Kerr effect in read

Kerr effect in read-

  • back

back

  • Features:

Features:

  • Magnetic domain as small as spot size of laser

Magnetic domain as small as spot size of laser

  • Nearly infinite R/W cycles

Nearly infinite R/W cycles

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 23 23

Research Progress to Date Research Progress to Date

  • Research on stability and adhesion of metal

Research on stability and adhesion of metal films films

  • Tape test for adhesion

Tape test for adhesion

  • Boil test for stability

Boil test for stability

  • Research on size and optical properties of

Research on size and optical properties of recorded bits recorded bits

  • Protective layer for recording

Protective layer for recording

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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 24 24

Recording Recording

  • Excellent optical contrast
  • Consistent spot characteristics
  • Can easily be made into the size necessary
  • Estimated lifetime of at least 1,000 years
  • Can be readily reduced to practice
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Mar 15, 2007 Mar 15, 2007 Family History Technology Family History Technology 25 25

Conclusion Conclusion

  • The problem is real
  • The need is great
  • Existing archival options are inadequate
  • Solutions exist using familiar materials and

processes