Scientific and Practical Centre for Arable Farming, NAS of Belarus Prospects of the formation of the National Bank of Plant Genetic Resources and International Cooperation in this area S.I. Grib Academician
N.I. Vavilov, an outstanding Russian scientist, stood at the origins of the national and globe strategies for the conservation, enrichment and rational use of cultivated plant genetic resources and their wild relatives. It was he who for the first time drew attention of the global scientific community to the huge variety of important for breeding genes found in the populations of wild and weed species and in the varieties of folk and professional breeding. The unique biological laws of N.I. Vavilov on the centers of origin of cultivated plants and homologous series in hereditary variability formed a basis for the doctrine about mobilization, conservation, study and use of world plant diversity. Initial material, as defined by the Academician N.I. Vavilov, is a keystone of breeding. Domestic and foreign breeders ꞌ experience shows that the initial gene pool of plants provides for more than 50% of success in breeding.
CLIMATE CHANGE SOILS’ VARIETY BY THE FERTILITY LEVEL IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS CHANGE IN THE SOWING STRUCTURE INCREASED HARMFULNESS OF ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC FACTORS’ EFFECT CHANGE IN THE SPECIES AND RACIAL COMPOSITION OF PLANT DISEASE-PRODUCING FACTORS AND ENTOMOPHAGES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF PRODUCTION NEED FOR THE DEVELOPED SYSTEMS OF ADAPTIVE COMPLEMENTARY VARIETIES NEW LEVEL OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE BREEDING PROCESS and etc.
The State Programme “Gene Pool” (Genofond) was developed, as mandated by the President of the Republic of Belarus A.G. Lukashenko (the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus of December 30, 1999 No. 2063), and formed the basis for the mobilization and conservation of plant genetic resources in the Republic aiming to: Address strategically important challenges in provision of both national food, bioresources and environmental security in the Republic Develop scientific support for the measures aimed to conserve and rationally use domestic and global plant resources Systematize the work on the management and analysis of plant resources Rationally use them in the national economy
Growth dynamics of the EX SITU collection of genetic resources of cultivated plants and natural flora in Belarus as of 2000-2017 a thousand samples 70,0 60,0 50,0 76,5 40,0 55,6 30,0 20,0 25,0 20,0 10,0 0,2 0,0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017
EX SITU collection of plant genetic resources of the Republic of Belarus as of 2017 The number of Organizations samples, pieces Scientific and Practical Centre for Arable Farming, NAS of Belarus 28838 Institute for Fruit Growing 5328 Scientific and Practical Centre for Potato, Fruit and Vegetable Growing, 1968 NAS of Belarus Institute for Vegetable Growing 3641 Palessky Institute of Plant Growing 607 Institute of Flax 831 Experimental Scientific Station on Sugar Beet 230 Institute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS of Belarus 1834 V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, NAS of Belarus 954 Central Botanical Garden, NAS of Belarus 14019 Institute of Forest, NAS of Belarus 12142 Belarusian State University 767 Belarusian State Agricultural Academy 5310 TOTAL 76469
Th e EX SITU collection of plant genetic resources of the Republic of Belarus accounts 76.5 thousand collection samples and includes the following crop/plant categories and their wild relatives: Сollections of grain crops, grain legumes, oil crops, cereal crops, industrial crops and fodder crops Сollection s of fruit, berry and nut crops and grapes Potato collections Vegetable collections Genetic collections Collections of natural populations of economically valuable and wild species Collections of flower, ornamental, woody, shrubby, greenhouse, medicinal and spicy-aromatic plants Collections of forest crops
Formed: base active target character genetic, core DNA collections of field agricultural, fruit, berry and vegetable crops and forest-forming species. 8
National Bank of Plant Genetic Resources of the Republic of Belarus The Gene Bank allows to concentrate the country’s plant diversity in one place, guarantee the relative security of its conservation, provide opportunities for the targeted study, expand access to plant genetic resources for domestic and foreign scientists. The collection fund of plant resources accounts more than 28 thousand collection samples. It includes 53 collections and combines 702 plant species, active and national base collections ( ex situ ) and target character and core collections.
The plant gene pool by crop groups 5% 1% 2% 2% 12% 1% 43% 8% 20% 3% зерновые зернобобовые крупяные масличные овощные технические pecies кормовые tic Природные популяции хозяйственно полезных видов Лекарственные и пряноароматические коллекционные образцы ЦБС НАН Беларуси прочие
Gene Bank’s Collection Fund (by the origin country per sample) Turkmeniya ZAF TUN YUG AUT ALB UZB AZE SWE TJK ARM TUR SYR USA SVN AUS SMR UKR BGR RUS BLR POL PAK MEX NOR KAZ NLD CAN IRN FRA DEU GEO MAR LVA JPN LBN ITA ISR KGZ CHE IND GBR CHL CZE FIN ETH DNK ESP CHN Gorn.Badahshan HUN EST GRC DZA EGY
National Collection of Potato Genetic Resources of the Scientific and Practical Centre for Potato, Vegetable and Fruit Growing 1. Base collection of Belarusian potato varieties in vitro ‒ 61 varieties represented by 501 lines 2. Species and interspecies hybrids Solanum in vitro ‒ 430 species 3. Variety collection of the global potato gene pool – 902 varieties, dihaploid collection – 87 samples, the collection of wild and primitive species sustained by tuber reproduction ‒ 518 samples, 67 species. Inventory of the sample collection of the Solanum species sustained in in vitro culture carried out.
Over the period of 2000-2017, the Belarusian potato varieties were developed based on the collection samples: Zhuravinka, Zarnitsa, Kolorit, Dubrava, Pramen, Vesnyanka, Uladar, Mag, Uanka, Ragneda, Universal, Aktsent, Maksimum, Vektar, Spadchyna, Darnitsa, Manifest, Volat, Lel, Bogach. In 2017, Karsan and Rubin varieties were handed over to the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties.
Collection of fruit, berry and nut crops and grapes Institute for Fruit Growing The collection of fruit, berry and nut crops and grapes of the Institute for Fruit Growing comprises 5328 samples and is among the largest in Europe available collections held by Scientific Institutions. It includes the northernmost in Europe Fund of Walnut and Grape with no analogues by its crop composition. Collection funds are preserved in the live condition. Annually, region and district expeditionary surveys are conducted in the Republic to collect old-local varieties of these collections. Using the pool’s gene data, the breeders developed 73 varieties over the period of 2000-2017. Based on the variety study, 64 introduced varieties of fruit and berry crops were handed over to the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties.
Collections of Vegetable Crops Institute of Vegetable Growing Vegetable growing is of special importance in the agricultural sector. Output growth is impossible unless new varieties and hybrids are developed. Breeding is based on the replenishment, study and preservation of the genetic basis of vegetable crops. The vegetable crop collection numbers 3641 samples by 39 vegetable crop species. Crops Total number of samples New samples as of 2017 Solanaceae 1288 20 Alliaceae 602 - Cucurbitaceae 199 7 Leguminosae 590 - Brassicaceae/Cruciferae 365 - Root vegetables and herbaceous 556 14 crops Total 3600 41
Using the gene pool of vegetable crops for 2000-2017, which was formed in previous years, 112 new varieties and hybrids by 39 vegetable crops were developed and included in the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties, including Lipen, Agat and Izumrud tomatoes; Kinzhal and Varyag peppers; Gurman, Kolorit and Braginka cucumbers; Ptich broccoli; Sturon, Kamen and Slutich onion; Sarmat and Svetlogorsky winter garlic, Yarvinit spring garlic, Vesta beetroot, Minchanka and Litvinka carrot, Arfey and Prometey peas, Znichka beans, Veles horseradish, Elbrus crambe, Pan parsnip, Veselin hyssop, Deyan coriander, Danko savory. In 2017, Zaveya F1 cabbage, Klichevsky garlic, Vanada F1 table beet, Vulkan F1 carrot and Olimp daikon were tested at the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties.
COLLECTION OF SPICY-AROMATIC CROPS
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