Resources and International Cooperation in this area S.I. Grib - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Scientific and Practical Centre for Arable Farming, NAS of Belarus Prospects of the formation of the National Bank of Plant Genetic Resources and International Cooperation in this area S.I. Grib Academician N.I. Vavilov, an outstanding Russian
Scientific and Practical Centre for Arable Farming, NAS of Belarus
N.I. Vavilov, an outstanding Russian scientist, stood at the origins of the national and globe strategies for the conservation, enrichment and rational use of cultivated plant genetic resources and their wild relatives. It was he who for the first time drew attention of the global scientific community to the huge variety of important for breeding genes found in the populations of wild and weed species and in the varieties of folk and professional breeding. The unique biological laws of N.I. Vavilov on the centers
hereditary variability formed a basis for the doctrine about mobilization, conservation, study and use of world plant diversity. Initial material, as defined by the Academician N.I. Vavilov, is a keystone of breeding. Domestic and foreign breedersꞌ experience shows that the initial gene pool of plants provides for more than 50% of success in breeding.
REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
FACTORS’ EFFECT
PLANT DISEASE-PRODUCING FACTORS AND ENTOMOPHAGES
COMPLEMENTARY VARIETIES
BREEDING PROCESS and etc.
The State Programme “Gene Pool” (Genofond) was developed, as mandated by the President of the Republic of Belarus A.G. Lukashenko (the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus of December 30, 1999 No. 2063), and formed the basis for the mobilization and conservation
Address strategically important challenges in provision of both national food, bioresources and environmental security in the Republic Develop scientific support for the measures aimed to conserve and rationally use domestic and global plant resources Systematize the work on the management and analysis of plant resources Rationally use them in the national economy
0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0
0,2 20,0 25,0 55,6 76,5
a thousand samples
2000 2005 2010 2015 2017
Organizations The number of samples, pieces
Scientific and Practical Centre for Arable Farming, NAS of Belarus
28838
Institute for Fruit Growing
5328
Scientific and Practical Centre for Potato, Fruit and Vegetable Growing, NAS of Belarus
1968
Institute for Vegetable Growing
3641
Palessky Institute of Plant Growing
607
Institute of Flax
831
Experimental Scientific Station on Sugar Beet
230
Institute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS of Belarus
1834
V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, NAS of Belarus
954
Central Botanical Garden, NAS of Belarus
14019
Institute of Forest, NAS of Belarus
12142
Belarusian State University
767
Belarusian State Agricultural Academy
5310
TOTAL
76469 EX SITU collection of plant genetic resources of the Republic of Belarus as of 2017
The EX SITU collection of plant genetic resources of the Republic of Belarus accounts 76.5 thousand collection samples and includes the following crop/plant categories and their wild relatives:
industrial crops and fodder crops
species
medicinal and spicy-aromatic plants
The Gene Bank allows to concentrate the country’s plant diversity in one place, guarantee the relative security of its conservation, provide opportunities for the targeted study, expand access to plant genetic resources for domestic and foreign scientists. The collection fund of plant resources accounts more than 28 thousand collection samples. It includes 53 collections and combines 702 plant species, active and national base collections (ex situ) and target character and core collections.
The plant gene pool by crop groups
43% 20% 3% 8% 1% 2% 12% 5% 1% 2% зерновые зернобобовые крупяные масличные овощные технические кормовые Природные популяции хозяйственно полезных видов Лекарственные и пряноароматические коллекционные образцы ЦБС НАН Беларуси прочие
pecies tic
ALB ARM AUS AUT AZE BGR BLR CAN CHE CHL CHN CZE DEU DNK DZA EGY ESP EST ETH FIN FRA GBR GEO Gorn.Badahshan GRC HUN IND IRN ISR ITA JPN KAZ KGZ LBN LVA MAR MEX NLD NOR PAK POL RUS SMR SVN SWE SYR TJK TUN TUR Turkmeniya UKR USA UZB YUG ZAF
varieties in vitro ‒ 61 varieties represented by 501 lines
in vitro ‒ 430 species
gene pool – 902 varieties, dihaploid collection – 87 samples, the collection of wild and primitive species sustained by tuber reproduction ‒ 518 samples, 67
culture carried out. National Collection of Potato Genetic Resources
Vegetable and Fruit Growing
The collection of fruit, berry and nut crops and grapes of the Institute for Fruit Growing comprises 5328 samples and is among the largest in Europe available collections held by Scientific Institutions. It includes the northernmost in Europe Fund of Walnut and Grape with no analogues by its crop composition. Collection funds are preserved in the live condition. Annually, region and district expeditionary surveys are conducted in the Republic to collect old-local varieties of these collections. Using the gene pool’s data, the breeders developed 73 varieties over the period
study, 64 introduced varieties of fruit and berry crops were handed over to the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties.
Vegetable growing is of special importance in the agricultural sector. Output growth is impossible unless new varieties and hybrids are developed. Breeding is based on the replenishment, study and preservation of the genetic basis of vegetable crops. The vegetable crop collection numbers 3641 samples by 39 vegetable crop species.
Crops Total number of samples New samples as of 2017 Solanaceae 1288 20 Alliaceae 602
199 7 Leguminosae 590
365
crops 556 14 Total 3600 41
Using the gene pool of vegetable crops for 2000-2017, which was formed in previous years, 112 new varieties and hybrids by 39 vegetable crops were developed and included in the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties, including Lipen, Agat and Izumrud tomatoes; Kinzhal and Varyag peppers; Gurman, Kolorit and Braginka cucumbers; Ptich broccoli; Sturon, Kamen and Slutich onion; Sarmat and Svetlogorsky winter garlic, Yarvinit spring garlic, Vesta beetroot, Minchanka and Litvinka carrot, Arfey and Prometey peas, Znichka beans, Veles horseradish, Elbrus crambe, Pan parsnip, Veselin hyssop, Deyan coriander, Danko savory. In 2017, Zaveya F1 cabbage, Klichevsky garlic, Vanada F1 table beet, Vulkan F1 carrot and Olimp daikon were tested at the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties.
COLLECTION OF SPICY-AROMATIC CROPS
As a place for preserving a doublet collection, the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy’s repository is used (Gorki, Mogilev Region). The plant gene pool is widely used for academic programmes at the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy.
Crops Total
grains 1340 1340 grain legume 242 242
154 154 fodder grasses 116 116 fruit and berry 277 277 wood-shrub 376 376 nut 5 medicinal 95 95 flower-ornamental 2201 2201 greenhouse 371 371 spicy-aromatic 58 58 aquatic 26 26 fungi 49 49 Total 5310 5310
Included in the State Register and handed over to the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties in total Handed over to the State Inspectorate for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties during 2016
Vegetable crops ‒ 5 varieties Soft winter wheat ‒ 3 varieties Broad-leaved clover ‒ 1 variety Galega orientalis ‒ 3 varieties Spicy-aromatic ‒ 7 varieties Lupine ‒ 5 varieties Ornamental plants ‒ 4 varieties Yellow lupine ‒ 1 variety Spicy-aromatic ‒ 2 varieties Ornamental plants ‒ 4 varieties
Techniques to identify the gene pool of economic plants
Morphological markers UPOV characters for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability criteria e limited by biotic and abiotic factors Biochemical (protein) markers
F spectra of reserve and enzyme proteins (do not cover the entire genome) Advantages versus other types:
(Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) test criteria
Molecular-cytogenetic markers
(C-banding) used for identification
alloploid genomes
In situ hybridization (FISH, GISH, MFISH) DNA markers
Institute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS of Belarus
At present, the Institute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS
samples of plants and fungi.
Research and practical efforts in the field of plant introduction allowed to create a gene pool of ornamental and economically useful introduced plants of more than 14 thousand names, which is the National Heritage of the Republic of Belarus.
Collection Family Genera Species Samples Rare and endangered species of the Belarusian natural flora 47 121 166 243 Herbaceous ornamental plants 113 395 946 5531 Economically useful herbaceous plants 61 244 554 872 Xylophytes (wood plants) 75 207 1650 4379
TOTAL IN OPEN FIELD CONDITIONS 194 801 3179 11025
Greenhouse plant collections 173 791 2053 2994
TOTAL CULTIVATED 272 1532 5207 14019
In vitro collections 27 73 114 294 Herbarium plantarum 242 1357 5485 24921
The State Register of varieties and wood-shrub species of the Republic of Belarus includes 248 introduced species and the Central Botanical Garden’s own selection varieties allowed for production by legal persons and individuals in the Republic (149 varieties as of 2011-2016).
Традиционное наименование вида Наименование сорта Традиционное наименование вида Наименование сорта 2012 год Пажитник греческий Овари Голд Бел 2015 год Толокнянка обыкновенная Ушко Шалфей мускатный Сюрприз Гладиолус гибридный Зiмовы золак, Мiрскi замак 2013 год Фенхель обыкновенный Успех Ирис гибридный Розовые сны Амарант багряный Малиновый звон Рододендрон гибридный Академик Смольский, Янка Гербера гибридная Павлинка Сирень Минская красавица Грейпфрут Оранжевый карлик Лапчатка кустарниковая Снежинка Качим метельчатый Метелица 2016 год Лапчатка непальская Зорька Купальница европейская Светофор Чернушка посевная Славянка Лаванда Лазурная Ирис гибридный Юрий Пен Лимон Ароматный, Мейер Белорусский, Народный Ель европейская Сурвелишки Помело Богатырь Пихта белая Белопестрая Хеномелес Маулея Ароматный, Осенний 2015–2016 гг. Сосна обыкновенная Элегантная, Толстушка, Чупа Чупс, Кустистая, Раскидистая, Узденская, Восходящая, Имени челюскинцев, Малютка, Пирамид, Изумрудная, Ботаническая, Минчанка, Чижовская, Вожык, Желтоватая, Слуцкая, Бонсай, Лесная красавица (19 сортов) 2014 год Примула гибридная Таямнiца Роза гибридная Надежда Вереск обыкновенный Снежок, Пересвет
954 collection samples. 32 (48.5%) out of the species under study rarely occur in the territory of Belarus, rarely and very rarely, and 14 out of them are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus.
The collection of wild relatives and natural populations of plant genetic resources of the State Scientific Institution “V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, NAS of Belarus”
The Genetic Bank of forest tree species of Belarus was created for the long-term conservation in ex situ conditions and further use of the genetic resources of forest- forming species.
Number
species Number
samples Field collections, items Greenhouse Laboratory Wood-shrub plants 63 5900 31
Wood plants 133 6242 31
Total 12142
27
The bank ensures that the gene pool
forming species of Belarus is preserved and provides for the long-term storage of forest seed material. The collection of forest genetic resources in natural stands is represented by 17 forest genetic reserves (4800 ha), plus forest stands covering an area of 1160 ha, and plus trees in the amount of 2730 pieces. The study and conservation of the gene pool in artificial plantings is carried
plus trees − 24 hectares (300 clones), in the collection for testing of plus trees’ generations − 25 ha (1270 families) and in the climatype collection − 52 ha (267 climatypes). In the forest fund of Belarus, more than 40% of a new forest area is annually created using breeding planting material to increase productivity and improve its qualitative composition.
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
2013 2014 2015 2016
Объемы переработки и хранения семенного сырья
4 9 14 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Лесовосстановление селекционным посадочным материалом, тыс. га
Seed collections of field crops of the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Scientific and Practical Centre for Arable Farming” Collections of fruit and berry crops of the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Institute for Fruit Growing” Potato collections of the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Scientific and Practical Centre for Potato, Vegetable and Fruit Growing” Collections of plant genetic resources of the State Scientific Institution “Institute of Genetics and Cytology” Plant live collections and herbarium of the world flora of the Central Botanical Garden Belarus’s natural flora herbarium of the V.F. Kuprevich Institute
THE COUNTRY HOLDS 6 OUT OF 12 COLLECTIONS
plant genetic resources of the Republic
species and their relatives and stores 76.5 thousand samples
Genetic Resources of the Republic of Belarus, more than one thousand of cultivated plant varieties were developed during the programme period of 2000-2017 occupying an area
thousand hectares were reforested (40% of the total reforestation volume)
Red Book of the Republic of Belarus and subject to protection were preserved
Participation of the Republic of Belarus in the activity of the International Plant Genetic Resources Network ensured. Scientific collaboration with the international organization “Biodiversity International” acting under the FAO auspices, with international agricultural research centres and gene banks across the globe effected. Meaningful involvement of the Republic of Belarus to address the global challenge of biodiversity conservation and coordinate the activities under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity achieved.
More than 3.5 thousand collection samples by 10 crops of various ecologic and geographic
been studied at the Belarusian Base Point of the All-Russian Institute over this period allowing to identify potential sources of economic characters recommended for use in Belarusian and Russian breeding.
Involved in the activities of Eoropean work groups:
Participants of the GRIN-Global Workshop, Prague, the Czech Republic
Participants of the Regional Training Workshop 2017 for EURISCO National Focal Points, Gatersleben, Germany http://www.ecpgr.cgiar.org/fileadmin/_processed_/csm_cover_EURISCO2017_7 508755346.jpg
GRIN-Global is the software that enables gene banks to store and manage information related to plant genetic resources and provide this information across the globe.
On 10 November 2017, on the World Science Day for Peace and Development and in anticipation of the 130th anniversary of N.I. Vavilov’s birth, the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming” had the solemn unveiling of the memorial sign dedicated to the National Bank of Plant Genetic Resources of the Republic of Belarus. The memorial sign recalls an open book with the words of the creator of the richest in the world collection of plant resources ‒ Academician N.I. Vavilov.