Genomic selection +Sexed semen +Precision farming = New deal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Genomic selection
 +Sexed semen
 +Precision farming


= New deal for dairy farmers ?

Laurent Journaux General secretary of France Génétique Elevage

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

SIA souvenir…

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

After a long period of stability Many changes in dairy production including 3 majors

innovations

Genomic Selection Sexed semen Precision dairy farming

What are the impacts of this technologies ? How their combinations can change dairy farming ?

Introduction

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Holstein 2,500,000 cows, 68% recorded Milk: 9,125 kg Montbéliarde 670,000 cows, 61% recorded Milk: 6,158 kg Normande 430,000 cows 56% recorded Milk: 6,176 kg 72,000 dairy farmers, 3,686,000 dairy cows 10 local breeds 150,000 cows

Dairy cattle in France

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Increasing of herd size, Divide by 2 of pick up points for the same volume (28 Ml)

50 000 pick up points 1990 to 25 000 in 2020…

Trend in France

Herd size (dairy cattle in performance recording)

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Genomic selection

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

+2 +2 +4 +1 +5

• 3

+3

• 2

Candidates Young animal with

• nly genotypes

GEBV = ∑ marker effects + polygenic effect Effect of each marker to estimate Reference population Bulls with Genotypes + Phenotypes (average daughter performances) Calibrate prediction equations

What is genomic selection?

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

QTL detection 1996 -1999 Marker Assisted Selection (MAS 1) 8 traits, 5 QTL /traits Marker Assisted Selection (MAS 2) 25 traits, 30-40 QTL /traits Pre-selection tool: full brothers selection before testing Fine Mapping Genomic selection 35 traits, 300-400 QTL/traits 2008 -2010 From 2010 (males) 2001 -2007 R²:+0.05 R²:+0.20, 0.30 R²: +0.30,0.40 From 2011 (females)

Steps toward Genomic Selection in France

R²: ++0.10 + affordable chip

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Breeding programs in dairy cattle without Genomic Selection

Age of the bull 2 years 5 years Mated to 400 cows 100-150 daughters get proofs birth X ⇒USE FOR AI Estimation of breeding values SELECTION

PROGENY TESTING PROGRAM:

➢A long process: > 5 years ➢A costly process: maintaining 10 bulls to

• nly use 1 for AI

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Age of the bull 2 years 5 years birth ⇒USE FOR AI X Estimation of breeding values, from genomics 3 months:

Genomic Selection: a revolution

➢Breeding values

available for all traits routinely evaluated

➢For males and females,

with the same accuracy

➢A shortened generation

interval

➢A better accuracy at the

time of pre-selection (compared with Parent Average)

⇒An increased genetic

gain!

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

From 2009, European breeding partners (breeding associations, computing centers, breeding companies) have decided to join their forces to share:

European reference population

• data (reference population, 54k, bulls)
• and know-how (tight collaboration with

research centers and universities)

A specific organization for research and operation

• Operation

– SAS

• Capital by Breeding companies 


who invested in the research

– Exclusive licence of operation for 5 years

• Research Co-funding

– INRA ALLICE – INRA ALLICE APIS-GENE (GIS AGENAE)

• Transfert and roll-out

– UMT 3G – Valogène

Inovative points

Share cost of genetic evaluation with farmer organization (250 k€/year) Royalties for intellectual property linked to research (350 à 400 k€/year)

to invest on the next steps

Reduction of expenses for French farmers

International cooperation

buying Chips New tools (EuroG10k)

VALOGENE has a commercial activity

Large return on investment

Royalty paid in APIS-GENE

cumul : 1 208 K€

4ème génération

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New chains, new calendars

Sex control Parentage test Potential parents proposal GEBV Mutation tests Each week 6 times a year

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The quick success of Young bulls in France

From S. Moureaux, Institut de l’élevage

81% 19%

74% 26% 74% 26%

2010 2013

42% 58% 37% 63% 0.66

1st AI with young bulls 1st AI PT bulls

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Impact on cows

• Interest of the female

genotying:

⇒Herd management, ⇒heifers sells, ⇒mating, ⇒…

Accuracy of GEBV Increasing selection intensity More genetic progress

Number of females genotyped for herd management…

Genotyping for farmers

00 13,750 27,500 41,250 55,000

2011 2012 2013 2014

49,985 34,662 26,329 2,166

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More genetic progress…

Holstein

In the vanguard
 for the others ruminants

2015 2015 2015 2016

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Sexed semen

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Use of the difference of

content of DNA between X an Y chromosome

A sort of semen

Low yield Good accuracy

The technology

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Sexed semen

• Purity of semen : 90 %
• Fertility : -10 to 20%
• Price : +30€/AI

Jérôme CHABANNE

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Use of sexed semen

% 1st AI with sexed semen per breed in 2013 Total AI with sexed semen

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Use of sexed semen

67% of sexed semen is used on heifers 99% of sexed semen is female sexed 60% of sexed semen is used for 1st AI

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Precision dairy farming

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Evolution of farms structure

↗ herd size and work productivity ↗ monitoring needs

Change in the economic context

Prices volatility and end of quotas need to improve efficiency

New societal demands

Consumers : welfare, environment, products quality Farmers : workload, constraints, income

ICT tools availability

An environment conducive to the development of Precision Dairy Farming

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“ Management of livestock farming by continuous

automated real-time monitoring/controlling of production/ reproduction, health and welfare of livestock and environmental impact.” Berckmans, 2012

Definition

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What is Precision Dairy (Livestock) Farming?

RFID Farmer Animal

Biological parameters (production, behaviour,…)

Sensors

Data transfer

Data storage and interpretation

Alerts and advice

Information display

Consultation Observations Decision/Action Feedback Feedback

Automatisms

Control Automated action (milking, feeding,…)

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

The rise of sensors and automatisms in Dairy Farming

Tail ¡position ¡– ¡Calving ¡detection ¡ (accelerometer, ¡gyrometer) Vaginal ¡t° ¡-­‑ ¡Calving ¡detection ¡ (thermometer) Abdmominal ¡contractions ¡– ¡Calving ¡detection ¡ (pressure ¡sensor) Milk ¡quantity ¡and ¡composition ¡– ¡ Health, ¡feeding,… (Milk ¡meter, ¡optical ¡sensor) Rumen ¡t° ¡and ¡pH ¡– ¡Health ¡ (Thermo ¡and ¡pH ¡meter) Hormone ¡and ¡enzyme ¡analysis ¡– ¡ Reproduction, ¡health ¡ (in ¡line ¡chemical ¡analysis) Feeding ¡behaviour ¡-­‑ ¡Health ¡ (microphone, ¡accelerometer) Feed ¡quantity ¡– ¡feeding ¡ (scale) Animal ¡physical ¡activity ¡– ¡Heat ¡detection ¡ (pedometer, ¡accelerometer) Live ¡weight ¡– ¡Health ¡and ¡feeding ¡ (scale) Gait ¡– ¡Lameness ¡detection ¡ (pressure ¡sensor) Electronic ¡Id ¡– ¡Herd ¡management ¡ (RFID ¡tag)

And it is only the beginning !

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Capabilities of smart, 
 connected products

Source, Porter 2014

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From smart product…

Source, Porter 2014

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… to system of systems

Source, Porter 2014

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To help the farmer to take the right decision…

RFID Farmer Animal

Biological parameters (production, behaviour,…)

Sensors

Data transfer

Data storage and interpretation

Alerts and advice

Information display

Consultation Observations Decision/Action Feedback Feedback

Automatisms

Automated action (milking, feeding,…)

Decision help systems

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Animal level

➢ Future technologies (3D imaging, drones,...) = new opportunities ➢ Improvement of alerts detection performances (sensitivity/specificity)

Farm/Farmer level

➢ Need to deliver advice and not only information or alerts ➢ Autonomous decision or action towards the farm without farmer ?

Animal population level

➢ Can sensors data be useful to detect emerging epizootic diseases (as Twitter) ➢ Genetic selection on new traits recorded by sensors

Consumer/population/governmental level

➢ New demands like animal welfare : how to measure it is a challenge ? ➢ Could sensors data be used by policy makers (subsidy, control,…) ?

Precision Dairy Farming (future) possibilities

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

To a system who take the decision in autonomy…

RFID Farmer Animal

Biological parameters (production, behaviour,…)

Sensors

Data transfer

Data storage and interpretation

Alerts and advice

Information display

Consultation Observations Decision/Action Feedback Feedback

Automatisms

Automated action (milking, feeding,…)

Decision help systems

Control Control

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Simultaneous use and impacts…

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A reality for the farmers, an opportunity to optimize

Culling, matting plan, genetic trend

Genomic evaluation brings

accurate genetic values for heifers a SELECTION tool for herd management (replacement) Amplified by combined use of sexed semen

Combined Investment to build competitive herds that will be

• n production after 2015

Combine GEBV and 
 sexed semen

Same herd size Group of 10 heifers

14 straws of sexed semen

• 280 €

10 genotypings

• 800 €

3 heifers sold

+900 €

Genetic progress

• +7 ISU pts *5€ *4 cows*2,5 lactations+490 €

‒ Total gain : +310 € per group of 10 heifers

Economic balance

Oct 2013

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Heat detection Fine management of heifers or cows for AI with sexed

semen

Increase tracability of straw with automatic identification of

straw (bare code)

…

Combine Sexed semen
 and PDF

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Transfer of technologies from human to livestock

production…

Individual management

Including all the recorded information Including genotyping Including epigenetic information (expression of genetic

information)

New traits for selection

Health, activity, fine composition of the products

Combine GEBV and PDF

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Mana- gement

Repro- duction

Genetic

Combine all of them…

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Conclusion

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Continuous adaptation to new technologies… Technologies evolution are coming faster and more

frequently

If a farmer want to use these innovations

He can integrate these new tools (all or some of them) He must imagine another way to work He has to think to the global coherence of his production system

Economical side Technical side Management / labor side …

New tools – New farmers ?

CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Thank you for your attention

Thanks to all contributors : S Barbier, P Le Mezec, M Benoit, D Boichard, C Allain…