Resistance Behavior of Resistance Behavior of Transforming Material - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Resistance Behavior of Resistance Behavior of Transforming Material Transforming Material T Kotil * and H Sehitoglu Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Y. I. Chumlyakov Siberian Physical and Technical Institute, Tomsk, Russia * Currently at sabbatical leave from Aerospace Engineering Department Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Electrical Resistance Behavior Electrical Resistance Behavior Of Transforming Material Of Transforming Material ! Martensitic Transformation of Shape Memory Alloys ! Electrical Resistance Measurement Techniques and Application in Material Science ! Variation of Electrical Resistance During Thermal and Mechanical Loading of the Shape Memory Alloys ! Conclusion Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Martensitic Transformation of Transformation of Martensitic Shape Memory Alloys Shape Memory Alloys ! Martensitic Transformation ! Determination of the Transformation – Strain Measurement – Neutron Diffraction Techniques – Electrical Resistance Measurement ! Application of the Shape Memory Materials – Non-Medical Application – Medical Application Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Electrical Resistance Measurement Electrical Resistance Measurement and Application in Material Science and Application in Material Science ! Micro-Ohm Resistance Measurement ! Slip Nucleation and Plastic Deformation ! Determination of the Fatigue Life ! Mechanical Behavior of the Thin Film ! Transformation Behavior of Shape Memory Alloys Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Experimental System Experimental System Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Monotonic Tensile Loading Monotonic Tensile Loading (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) 800 0.60 NiTi10Cu[012] ε = 5% 0.55 700 Stress-Strain 0.50 Resistance-Strain 600 0.45 0.40 500 Stress [MPa] 0.35 100°C ∆ R/R 400 0.30 0.25 300 0.20 20°C 200 0.15 0.10 100 0.05 0 0.00 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Strain [%] Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Cycle Test Thermal Cycle Test (Fe29Ni18Co4Ti Shape Memory Material) (Fe29Ni18Co4Ti Shape Memory Material) 4.0 0.6 Fe29Ni18Co4Ti [CR] o C 10 Min + 600 o C 85 Min + WQ 1150 0.4 3.5 Thermal Cycle, σ = 400 MPa Strain 3.0 0.2 Resistance 2.5 0.0 Strain [%] ∆ R/R 2.0 -0.2 -0.4 1.5 -0.6 1.0 -0.8 0.5 -1.0 0.0 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 o C Temperature Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Cycle Test Thermal Cycle Test (NiTi NiTi Shape Memory Material) Shape Memory Material) ( 10 1.0 NiTi [111] σ = 225 MPa 9 Strain 0.8 8 Resistance 7 0.6 6 Strain [%] ∆ R/R 5 0.4 4 3 0.2 2 1 0.0 0 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 o C Temperature Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Cycle Test Thermal Cycle Test (NiTi NiTi Shape Memory Material) Shape Memory Material) ( 10 1.0 NiTi [123] σ = 175 MPa 9 Stress 0.8 8 Resistance 7 0.6 6 Strain [%] ∆ R/R 5 0.4 4 3 0.2 2 1 0.0 0 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 o C Temperature Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Cycle Test Thermal Cycle Test (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) 5.0 0.50 NiTi10Cu [011] 4.5 σ = 0 MPa 0.45 4.0 0.40 Strain Resistance 3.5 0.35 3.0 0.30 Strain [%] ∆ R/R 2.5 0.25 2.0 0.20 1.5 0.15 1.0 0.10 0.5 0.05 0.0 0.00 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 o C Temperature Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Cycle Test Thermal Cycle Test (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) 6 0.6 5 0.5 ∆ R/R (Trasformation Only) 4 0.4 Strain % 3 0.3 2 0.2 NiTi10Cu[012] Strain ( σ = 125 MPa) 1 0.1 Strain ( σ = 175 MPa) Resistance ( σ = 125 MPa) Resistance ( σ = 175 MPa) 0 0.0 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 o C Temperature Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Cycle Test Thermal Cycle Test (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) NiTi10Cu[012] 0.9 σ = 125 MPa σ = 175 MPa 0.8 ∆ R/R (Trasformation Only) 0.7 0.6 0.5 Cooling Cycle 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Heating Cycle 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Strain % Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Cycle Test Thermal Cycle Test (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) 200 0.9 NiTi10Cu [111] 180 0.8 o C Temperature = -60 Stress 160 0.7 Resistance ∆ R/R (Trasformation Only) Recovery Resistance 140 0.6 Stress [MPa] 120 0.5 100 0.4 80 0.3 60 0.2 40 0.1 20 0.0 0 -0.1 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Strain [%] Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Cycle Test Thermal Cycle Test (NiTi NiTi Shape Memory Material) Shape Memory Material) ( 400 0.16 NiTi [111] Temperature = 20 o C 350 0.14 Stress Resistance 300 0.12 ∆ R/R (Transformation Only) 250 0.10 Stress [MPa] 0.08 200 150 0.06 100 0.04 50 0.02 0 0.00 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Strain [%] Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Monotonic Tensile Loading Monotonic Tensile Loading (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) 250 0.5 250 0.5 NiTi10Cu[111] NiTi10Cu[111] ε = 5% ε = 5% ∆ R/R (Transformation Only) ∆ R/R (Transformation Only) 200 Cycle 1 0.4 200 0.4 Cycle 2 Stress Stress Resistance Resistance Stress [MPa] Stress [MPa] 150 0.3 150 0.3 0.2 100 100 0.2 Thermal Recovery X Thermal Recovery X 0.1 50 50 0.1 0.0 0 X 0 X 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Strain [%] Strain [%] Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Monotonic Tensile Loading Monotonic Tensile Loading (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) 250 0.5 250 0.5 NiTi10Cu[012] NiTi10Cu[012] ∆ R/R (Transformation Only) ∆ R/R (Transformation Only) ε = 5% ∆ε = 5% 200 0.4 200 0.4 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Stress Stress Stress [MPa] Stress [MPa] Resistance 150 0.3 150 0.3 Resistance 100 0.2 100 0.2 X X 50 0.1 50 0.1 Thermal Recovery Thermal Recovery X X 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Strain [%] Strain [%] Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Thermal Recovery Thermal Recovery (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) (NiTi10Cu Shape Memory Material) 5 0.5 NiTi10Cu [012] ε = 5% Cycle 1 4 0.4 Strain Thermal Recovery Resistance Thermal Recovery 3 0.3 Strain [%] ∆ R/R 2 0.2 1 0.1 0 0.0 20 40 60 80 100 o C Temperature Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig

Conclusions Conclusions ! Variation of the electrical resistance is a good indication of the transformation. ! Resistance change due to the elasto-plastic deformation is much smaller then the transformation. ! Electrical resistance is a better representation of the transformation then the strain. ! A good relation is obtained between the amount of transformation and resistance change during thermal cycle loading. ! Two-stage transformation is observed during monotonic tensile loading but single stage during unloading period. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champanig