Refrigerant Consumption in Fishing Vessels operating in the Waters - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Refrigerant Consumption in Fishing Vessels operating in the Waters of Pacific Islands Countries MOP27 SIDE EVENT November 1, 2015, Conrad Hotel Dubai-UAE

(Presentation via skype) ( yp )

Ribanataake Awira Fisheries Development Advisor Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency

Overview of presentation

1. 1. The The fisheries sector fisheries sector contribution to PICs contribution to PICs economies economies 2. Trend in the number of fishing vessels operating g p g in the FFA region 3. Types of refrigeration technology used technology used 4. Regional Estimation of HCFC usage 5. Implication of non- compliance and some concerns 6. Way forward

Contribution of Fisheries to PICs economies Contribution of Fisheries to PICs economies

Value of tuna catch taken from WCP-CA

• For 2014 WCP-CA

total tuna catch was

• 2.6 million mt (worth

USD5.5 bn)

• Around 60% of

t h f WCP catch from WCP- CA is from FFA waters

• worth USD 3 bn
• worth USD 3 bn.
• 36% or USD1.1 bn

is taken by FFA is taken by FFA fishing fleet.

FFA database 2015

Target species and fishing methods

• 4 key target

species are species are skipjack, Yellowfin, Bigeye and Bigeye and Albacore

• Main fishing

g methods are Purse seine and seine and longline

Tuna markets and their value

For the same year-2014 Tuna loin imports by major markets in the US, Japan and EU is valued to more than USD 156 M to more than USD 156 M Canned tuna trade by FFA member countries is almost exclusively to EU market, valued at USD 93 M The value of sashimi and non-canned tuna trade with Japan and the US p was USD 81 M

FFA database 2015

Access revenue from licensing

FFA database 2015

Employment opportunities in tuna fisheries development

FFA database 2015

Tuna fishing contribution to GDP

FFA database 2015

How many vessels out there in FFA countries waters How many vessels out there in FFA countries waters

Distribution by Gear Type

GSR records for 3rd March for 3 March 2015, listed a total of 1270 vessels

FFA database 2015

Distribution by flags

FFA database 2015

Types of refrigeration technology in the yp g gy marine fishing sector

Purse seine vessels

• Purse seine uses brine

immersion freezing

• The method is very ideal for

i k f i l i f quick freezing large quantity of catch T t f th b i

• Temperature of the brine

solution is -18oC The refrigeration technologies

• The refrigeration technologies

used are R22 and Ammonia.

Long line fishing vessels

• Short ranged vessels uses

RSW at -18oC or ice RSW at 18 C or ice slurry

• Long range uses a

Long range uses a combination of RSW at - 18oC and blast freezers - 70oC.

• 40oC for storage

40 C for storage

• Therefore require an

highly efficient refrigerant highly efficient refrigerant = R22

Pole and line vessels

• Like purse seine they also

Like purse seine they also uses brine immersion at -18oC at -18 C

• The type of refrigeration

technologies used: R22 technologies used: R22 and Ammonia

Fish Carriers

Blast freezers - Blast freezers - 70oC to -40oC for storage Therefore require an highly efficient refrigerant R22 refrigerant R22 Type of refrigeration 22 technology – R22 is dominant

Estimation of how much HCFC is used Estimation of how much HCFC is used

Age distribution of vessels operating in FFA waters and type of refrigerant used

Regional trend in the consumption of HCFC

HCFC‐22 holding capacity for various type of fishing vessels chartered

230.00 234.00 245.00

200 00 225.00 250.00 275.00

MT

and flagged in FFA member countries

75 00 100.00 125.00 150.00 175.00 200.00

uantity in M

5.00

0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00

Fish Carrier Long Line Pole and Line Purse seiner

Qu Type of vessel

Regional trend in the consumption of HCFC - contd

Implication of non Implication of non-

• compliance and some concerns

compliance and some concerns

Some concerns on non-compliance

• GSP + : THE GENERALIZED System of

GSP + : THE GENERALIZED System of Preferences Plus (GSP+)EU new trade arrangements that came into force on 1 January 2014 under Regulation (EU) No 978/2012. - Eligibility under Regulation (EU) No 978/2012. Eligibility criteria requires that a country complies to 27 international treaties

• Under the Montreal Protocol: Trade sanctions can be

imposed in such case of non-compliance.

27 treaties required under GSP+

1.International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

• 10. Abolition of Forced Labour

Convention (No 105).

• 19. Stockholm Convention on

persistent Organic Pollutants 2.International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural

• 11. Forced Compulsory Labour

Convention (No 29)

• 20. Convention on International Trade

in Endangered Species Economic Social and Cultural Rights Convention (N 29) in Endangered Species 3.International Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

• 12. Equal Remuneration of Men and

Women Workers for Work Equal Value Convention (No 100)

• 21. Convention on Biological

Diversity 4 Convention on the Elimination of 13 Discrimination in Respect of 22 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4.Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

• 13. Discrimination in Respect of

Employment and Occupation Convention (No 111)

• 22. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

5.Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

• 14. Freedom of Association and

Protection of the Right to Organise Convention (No 87)

• 23. Kyoto Protocol to the UN

Framework Convention on Climate Change Treatment or Punishment Convention (N 87) Change 6.Convention on the Rights of the Child

• 15. Application of the Principles of

the Right to Organise and to Bargain

• Collectively. Convention (No 98)
• 24. UN Single Convention on

Narcotic Drugs (1961) 7.Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of

• 16. International Convention on the

Suppression and Punishment of the

• 25. UN Convention on Psychotropic

Substances (1971) Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid Substances (1971) 8.Minimum Age for Admission to Employment (No 138)

• 17. Montreal Protocol on Substances

that depletes the Ozone Layer

• 26. UN Convention against Illicit

Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988)

• 9. Prohibition and Immediate Action
• 18. Basel Convention on the Control
• 27. Mexico UN Convention Against

for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (No 182)

• f Transboundary Movements of

Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. g Corruption

Case example: Cost of retrofitting R404A has proves to be very costly e.g. In Fiji, it cost one fishing company around US$60 000 to cost one fishing company around US$60,000 to retrofit one long line fishing vessel Reduction in cooling efficiency e g a drop by Reduction in cooling efficiency, e.g a drop by 15% of cooling efficiency as compared to R22

• Quick freezing is very critical to maintain good quality
• Therefore quick freezing units will always require highly efficient

cooling refrigerants

R404A has zero ODP but very high GWP of R404A has zero ODP but very high GWP of 3920 Not the best option as alternative to R22 p

Way Way-

• forward

forward

Sustainable Development- Balancing Act

The tuna fisheries for the PIC region supports a billi ( l b l) d ll i d t billion (global) dollar industry For many of the PIC this is the main economic resource they have resource they have. The sustainability and successes of maintaining and developing this industry to maximise benefits and developing this industry to maximise benefits – depends entirely on refrigeration technology – no refrigeration no fisheries g The sustainability of the marine-ecosytems depends entirely on a healthy ozone layer. p y y y All PIC are Parties to the Montreal Protocol

Balancing act - contd

• There is a need to do more in-depth study of the full fisheries

cold chain management and on all refrigeration technologies – g g g there is no one size fits all

• In the immediate need, HCFC usage (supply, use, demand) by

the marine fishing sector at the national, regional and g , g international level has to be mapped and addressed

• Look at the transitional cost implications, both economic and

social.

• There is a need to develop a holistic and comprehensive

approach for the PIC guided by the sustainable development goals for this region: Economic: Social and Environmental--- g g

• It can truly be said, that for this complex global industry: No

refrigeration no fishery

Concluding Remarks