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Recovered Refrigerant Recovered Refrigerant Recovered Refrigerant Recovered Refrigerant Management Management The Installed Bank as a Transitioning Resource The Installed Bank as a Transitioning Resource Bangkok Technology Conference

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Recovered Refrigerant Recovered Refrigerant Recovered Refrigerant Recovered Refrigerant Management Management

The Installed Bank as a Transitioning Resource The Installed Bank as a Transitioning Resource

Bangkok Technology Conference Bangkok Technology Conference June 2013 June 2013 Michael Bennett Michael Bennett

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Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Ozone Depletion and Climate Change

Michael Bennett RRA Ltd Michael Bennett RRA Ltd Advancing Ozone & Climate Protection Advancing Ozone & Climate Protection Technologies: Next Steps Technologies: Next Steps -

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Refrigerant Flow Refrigerant Flow

NEW SPECIFICATION REFRIGERANT RECOVERED REFRIGERANT RECLAMATION DESTRUCTION E M I S

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INSTALLED BANK OF REFRIGERANT

R E C O V E R R E Y C L E

S S I O N

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How Big Is The Bank How Big Is The Bank

Consumption of new refrigerant: Consumption of new refrigerant:

Manufacture + Imports Manufacture + Imports – Exports Exports

Size of refrigerant bank approximately 5 x Size of refrigerant bank approximately 5 x consumption consumption A country with consumption of 400 tonnes of A country with consumption of 400 tonnes of refrigerant will have an installed bank in the order of refrigerant will have an installed bank in the order of A country with consumption of 400 tonnes of A country with consumption of 400 tonnes of refrigerant will have an installed bank in the order of refrigerant will have an installed bank in the order of 2,000 tonnes 2,000 tonnes Much of the installed bank can become available for Much of the installed bank can become available for recycling and reuse recycling and reuse Every kilogram reused is one that need not be Every kilogram reused is one that need not be manufactured or imported manufactured or imported

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The Bank is a Resource The Bank is a Resource

It is a buffer that provides elasticity in the supply of refrigerant It is a buffer that provides elasticity in the supply of refrigerant for industry for industry It can extend the life of installed plant It can extend the life of installed plant

Postpone capital expenditure Postpone capital expenditure Option to wait for newer technology Option to wait for newer technology Maintain original performance Maintain original performance Maintain original performance Maintain original performance

It is available to all industry operators with requisite skills and It is available to all industry operators with requisite skills and equipment equipment Available to be recovered during service when reuse is common Available to be recovered during service when reuse is common Large opportunity at end Large opportunity at end-

of
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life that is now being taken

life that is now being taken advantage of in many countries advantage of in many countries

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Industry Profile Industry Profile

800 1000 1200 80 100 120

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200 400 600 20 40 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 # Companies Employees

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Profile of Refrigerant Use Profile of Refrigerant Use

800 1000 1200 80 100 120 # Companies

80% refrigerant use by small number of larger contractors

200 400 600 20 40 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 # Companies Employees

contractors

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Policy and Regulations Policy and Regulations

The lowest cost refrigerant you can use should be the one The lowest cost refrigerant you can use should be the one you already own you already own It would reasonable for new refrigerant to have a higher It would reasonable for new refrigerant to have a higher cost than recovered refrigerant but this is not universally cost than recovered refrigerant but this is not universally the case the case Governments and industry may implement policies that Governments and industry may implement policies that Governments and industry may implement policies that Governments and industry may implement policies that provide realistic pricing of new refrigerant provide realistic pricing of new refrigerant

Levies and duties can elevate the cost and provide revenue Levies and duties can elevate the cost and provide revenue Import restrictions provide the ability to require licences Import restrictions provide the ability to require licences and impose conditions such as end and impose conditions such as end-

of
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life management

life management

Recovery, reuse and disposal should be standard industry Recovery, reuse and disposal should be standard industry procedure procedure

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Program Funding Program Funding

Whether managed by government or industry regulations, Whether managed by government or industry regulations, and recovery and disposal programs require funding and recovery and disposal programs require funding Regulations require implementation, reporting and Regulations require implementation, reporting and enforcement enforcement Programs require establishment, management, Programs require establishment, management, Programs require establishment, management, Programs require establishment, management, promotion promotion The workforce requires education and training The workforce requires education and training Initial capital may be required for recycling, reclamation Initial capital may be required for recycling, reclamation and destruction facilities and destruction facilities Local industry will invest if the regulatory mix is right Local industry will invest if the regulatory mix is right

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Key Components and Processes Key Components and Processes

Testing Testing Recovery Recovery Recycling Recycling Storage Storage Reuse Reuse Alternatives Alternatives Recycling Recycling Cylinders Cylinders Alternatives Alternatives Disposal Disposal

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On Site Decision On Site Decision

Will the system continue to remain in operation

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If yes and quality acceptable recover and recycle into pump down cylinder then reinstall after service If no and quality acceptable recover and recycle into storage cylinder If quality unacceptable recover into a disposal cylinder Test refrigerant

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Testing Testing

Various types of refrigerant Various types of refrigerant identifiers/analysers identifiers/analysers Simplest and cheapest identifies Simplest and cheapest identifies R22 with a pass/fail function set at R22 with a pass/fail function set at 95% 95% purity purity Next unit identifies R12, R134a, Next unit identifies R12, R134a, R22, and hydrocarbons, has a R22, and hydrocarbons, has a printer printer option

ption

Current best available unit will Current best available unit will identify most refrigerants and identify most refrigerants and blends blends

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Testing Testing

If refrigerant is not tested its quality cannot be known If refrigerant is not tested its quality cannot be known Problems caused by impure and contaminated refrigerant are Problems caused by impure and contaminated refrigerant are many and may include: many and may include:

Poor performance Poor performance Higher power consumption Higher power consumption Higher maintenance costs Higher maintenance costs System failure System failure

In Australia refrigerant may be removed from a system and In Australia refrigerant may be removed from a system and reinstalled without meeting new specification reinstalled without meeting new specification If the refrigerant is to installed elsewhere or sold it must meet If the refrigerant is to installed elsewhere or sold it must meet new specification but this requirement is not enforced new specification but this requirement is not enforced The very high cost of refrigerant in Australia has led to the The very high cost of refrigerant in Australia has led to the increased recycling and reuse of refrigerant and high sales of increased recycling and reuse of refrigerant and high sales of refrigerant analysers refrigerant analysers

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Recovery and Recycling Recovery and Recycling

Recovery units that handle most Recovery units that handle most refrigerants refrigerants have become relatively have become relatively inexpensive inexpensive Compact units weigh around 15 Compact units weigh around 15 kgs kgs so are very portable (gas cylinder so are very portable (gas cylinder extra) extra) Recovery units that also recycle cost Recovery units that also recycle cost about about 30% more 30% more and will remove oil, and will remove oil, moisture, and particulates to varying moisture, and particulates to varying degrees degrees Recovery/recycle machines do not Recovery/recycle machines do not remove or separate other remove or separate other refrigerants but do provide a cleaner refrigerants but do provide a cleaner reusable product reusable product

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Cylinders Cylinders

There are various types of gas cylinders There are various types of gas cylinders required required

Pump down cylinders Pump down cylinders – these are clean these are clean cylinders used for holding refrigerant cylinders used for holding refrigerant from a system while it is being repaired from a system while it is being repaired

r serviced
r serviced

Recovery cylinders for reusable Recovery cylinders for reusable refrigerant refrigerant – these are clean cylinders these are clean cylinders refrigerant refrigerant – these are clean cylinders these are clean cylinders used to store reusable/recycled used to store reusable/recycled refrigerant refrigerant Recovery cylinders for Recovery cylinders for unusable/contaminated refrigerant unusable/contaminated refrigerant – – these cylinders are used to store and these cylinders are used to store and transport refrigerant that cannot be transport refrigerant that cannot be reused reused – this refrigerant and that will be this refrigerant and that will be sent for destruction sent for destruction

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Cylinders Cylinders

What is meant by clean? What is meant by clean?

Internally clean Internally clean – no other refrigerants or no other refrigerants or contaminants contaminants – pump down cylinders may be pump down cylinders may be devalved devalved and steam cleaned after each use but OK to reuse if and steam cleaned after each use but OK to reuse if same refrigerant type and quality known same refrigerant type and quality known

Where can cylinders be obtained? Where can cylinders be obtained?

Bought from various Bought from various suppliers and there are many suppliers and there are many international manufacturers international manufacturers Sizes vary but 22 Sizes vary but 22 litre litre and 65 and 65 litre litre capacity capacity tyical tyical Hired Hired from refrigerant and from refrigerant and industrial gases suppliers industrial gases suppliers

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Storage Storage

If not reused immediately in the same system If not reused immediately in the same system recovered reusable refrigerant may be stored for recovered reusable refrigerant may be stored for later use later use Once contained in an appropriate cylinder reusable Once contained in an appropriate cylinder reusable refrigerant may be stored indefinitely refrigerant may be stored indefinitely refrigerant may be stored indefinitely refrigerant may be stored indefinitely Cylinders should be stored undercover out of direct Cylinders should be stored undercover out of direct sunlight to prevent overheating sunlight to prevent overheating Regular leak testing should be undertaken to ensure Regular leak testing should be undertaken to ensure the integrity of the cylinder and the integrity of the cylinder and valve valve

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Reuse Reuse

Recovered refrigerant that meets acceptable specifications may Recovered refrigerant that meets acceptable specifications may be reused successfully be reused successfully The Australian requirement for purity for all refrigerant sold is The Australian requirement for purity for all refrigerant sold is the internationally accepted standard for new refrigerant AHRI the internationally accepted standard for new refrigerant AHRI 700. 700. This standard requires all refrigerant to have a minimum purity This standard requires all refrigerant to have a minimum purity

f 99.5%
f 99.5%

This standard requires all refrigerant to have a minimum purity This standard requires all refrigerant to have a minimum purity

f 99.5%
f 99.5%

For recovered refrigerant this level of purity is almost For recovered refrigerant this level of purity is almost impossible to obtain without the use of large and expensive impossible to obtain without the use of large and expensive reclamation equipment reclamation equipment Whilst we would never recommend the use of refrigerant with Whilst we would never recommend the use of refrigerant with lower purity many of the systems operating in Australia will lower purity many of the systems operating in Australia will contain such refrigerant contain such refrigerant

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Alternatives and Retrofitting Alternatives and Retrofitting

Reuse of existing refrigerant may not always be the best Reuse of existing refrigerant may not always be the best

ption
ption

It may be better to replace old inefficient plant It may be better to replace old inefficient plant Retrofitting may provide for improved performance and Retrofitting may provide for improved performance and efficiency leading to lower costs and lower indirect efficiency leading to lower costs and lower indirect emissions emissions emissions emissions Numerous alternatives for R22 have already been Numerous alternatives for R22 have already been commercialised for various applications commercialised for various applications

R417A R417A R422A B C D R422A B C D R427A R427A R434A R434A

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Disposal Disposal

Numerous technologies available Numerous technologies available

HTI HTI Plasma Arc Plasma Arc Thermal Oxidation Thermal Oxidation Some technologies are Some technologies are relocatable relocatable

Many destruction plants installed and operating Many destruction plants installed and operating Many destruction plants installed and operating Many destruction plants installed and operating

Indonesia Indonesia Japan Japan China China Europe Europe USA USA Australia Australia

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Khob Khob Khun Khun Krab Krab Khob Khob Khun Khun Krab Krab Thank you very much Thank you very much

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