Recent Overview on Reuse and Biotransformation of Industrial Sludge - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Recent Overview on Reuse and Biotransformation of Industrial Sludge - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Recent Overview on Reuse and Biotransformation of Industrial Sludge into Organic Fertilizer through Vermicomposting Presented by : Lee Leong Hwee Supervisors: : 23 rd June 2016 Date Outline of Content 1 Introduction 2 Formation of

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Recent Overview on Reuse and Biotransformation of Industrial Sludge into Organic Fertilizer through Vermicomposting

Presented by : Lee Leong Hwee Supervisors: Date : 23rd June 2016

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1 Introduction 2 Formation of Industrial Sludge 3 Management of Industrial Sludge 4 Vermicomposting 5 Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge 6 Conclusion 7 References

Outline of Content

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  • 1. Introduction

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1 Introduction

 Industrial sludge is one of the main by-products produced from the treatment of industrial wastewater  Solid or semi-solid material, consisting of

  • Compounds removed from the wastewater
  • Substances added into the chemical and biological
  • peration units

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 Contains a lot of contaminants:

  • Organic
  • Inorganic
  • Chemicals
  • Microbial pollutants

 Composition may vary considerably, depending on the treatment processes  Processing and disposal of sludge is challenging and complex

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1 Introduction (Continued…)

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  • 2. Formation of

Industrial Sludge

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 Industrial sludge is the setteable by-products generated from different treatment stages  Can be classified into:

  • Primary sludge
  • Secondary sludge
  • Activated sludge
  • Chemical sludge

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2 Formation of Industrial Sludge

Fig 1 Sludge generation points of typical wastewater treatment scheme (Turovskiy and Mathai, 2006)

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 Primary sludge

  • Produced from the primary treatment
  • Grey in colour, strongly odorous, high percentage of
  • rganic matters
  • Solid content: 2–7%

 Secondary sludge

  • Produced from the secondary treatment (biological

treatment)

  • Brownish, consisted of biological solids and biomass

produced by the microorganisms, inert materials

  • Solid content: 6-8%

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2 Formation of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)

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 Activated sludge

  • Produced from activated sludge process in the

secondary treatment system

  • Dark grey or dark brown in colour, flocculent

appearance

  • Made up of a mass of microorganisms, inert materials,

non-biodegradable suspended solids

  • Solid content: 0.4-1.5%

 Chemical sludge

  • Produced from the chemical treatment
  • Chemicals are used to remove and precipitate solids,

improve sedimentation processes

  • Darker in colour, low dewatering characteristics

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2 Formation of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)

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  • 3. Management of

Industrial Sludge

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3 Management of Industrial Sludge

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Three most common disposal methods 1. Incineration 2. Landfilling 3. Land application

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3 Management of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)

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Land Application

 Convenient and economic disposal alternatives  More preferable

  • Valuable source of nutrients
  • Contains high organic matter content

 Reduce the use or inorganic fertilizer  Recycling and reuse of waste are preferred for sustainable development

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3 Management of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)

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Problems and Issues

 Presence of pollutants and contaminants

  • Threaten soil quality and crop yield
  • Contaminate human food chain

 Uncontrolled application can cause

  • Overfertilization
  • Ammonia toxicity
  • Accumulation of heavy metals in soil
  • Increase soil alkalinity
  • Ground water pollution
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3 Management of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)

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Possible way of reusing industrial sludge

 Integrating with other treatment and stabilization processes

  • Volume reduction
  • Odor control
  • Pathogen and toxic compounds removal
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3 Management of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)

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Current treatment methods

 Comprises of few stages:

  • Thickening – remove moisture to reduce sludge

volume

  • Pre-treatment or conditioning – alter the

characteristics of sludge to enhance performance

  • Post-treatment – stabilize and detoxificate the

sludge

  • Dewatering – remove all the water
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  • 4. Vermicomposting

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4 Vermicomposting

Vermicomposting

  • Natural conversion of biodegradable waste into organic fertilizer (Lim et al.,

2016)

Organic Waste + Amendments Earthworms & Microorganisms Vermicompost (Organic Fertilizer)

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Advantages of vermicomposting process (Singh et al., 2011):

  • Short Processing time
  • High nutrients recovery

Benefits of vermicompost (Sim and Wu, 2010):

  • Rich in nutrients
  • Improve soil texture
  • Improve plant growth

4 Vermicomposting (Continued…)

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  • 5. Vermicomposting
  • f Industrial

Sludge

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5 Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge

Sludge Amendments Earthworm Observation Ref Paper-mill sludge Totato-plant debris

  • E. fetida
  • 2:1 mixture ratio of

tomato-plant debris and sludge

  • Higher proportion of

tomato-plant debris showed higher amount of humic acid Fernán dez- Gómez et al., 2013 Pulp and paper mill sludge Cow dung, food processing waste P. excavatus

  • Total phoposrus increase

(76.1%)

  • Total nitrogen increase

(58.7%)

  • Total organic carbon

decrease (74.5 %) Sonow al et al., 2013

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5 Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)

Sludge Amendments Earthworm Observation Ref Pressmud sludge Cow dung, Jeevamirtham Azospirillum

  • E. eugeniae
  • Increased in nitrogen,

phosphorus and potassium content

  • Decreased organic

carbon and C:N ratio Vasant hi et al., 2014 Pressmud sludge Cow dung

  • E. fetida
  • Increased in nitrogen,

phosphorus, sodium, electrical conductivity and pH

  • Decreased in C:N ratio

and potassium Bhat et al., 2014

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5 Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)

Sludge Amendments Earthworm Observation Ref Bakery industry sludge Cow dung

  • E. fetida
  • Increased in growth and

reproduction of the earthworms Yadav et al., 2015 Food industry sludge Cow dung, poultry droppings, biogas plant slurry

  • E. fetida
  • Increased in earthworms

biomass

  • Increased in total

nitrogen, total available phosphorus, total sodium and total potassium

  • Decreased in C:N ratio

and pH Garg et al., 2012

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  • 6. Conclusion

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6 Conclusion

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 Earthworms are able to remove harmful pathogens, ingest heavy metals and mineralize nitrogen and phosphorus  Vermicompost has high content of organic matter and nutrients  Vermicomposting can be used to manage various type

  • f industrial sludge
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  • 7. References

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7 References

  • Rupani PF, Singh RP, Ibrahim MH, Esa N. 2010. Review of current palm oil mill effluent (POME)

treatment methods: Vermicomposting as a sustainable practice. World Applied Sciences Journal 11:70-81.

  • Lee, D.-J., Tay, J.-H., Hung, Y.-T., Chang, C.-Y.: Handbook of Environment and Waste Mangement:

Land and Groundwater Pollution Control, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, pp. 149-175 (2014)

  • Fuerhacker, M., Haile, T.M.: Treatment and reuse of sludge. In: Barcelo, D., Petrovic, M. (ed) Waste

water treatment and reuse in the Mediterranean Region, Springer-Verlag, pp. 63-92 (2011)

  • Williams, W.T.: Waste Treatment and Disposal, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, pp. 63-162 (2005)
  • Crites, R.W., Middlebrooks, E.J., Bastian, R.K., Reed, S.C.: Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems,

2nd edn. Taylor & Francis Group, pp 411-460 (2014)

  • Liu, S.X.: Food and Agricultural Wastewater Utilization and Treatment, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons Ltd,

pp 195-223 (2014)

  • Kwon, Y.T., Lee, C.W., Yun, J.H.: Development of vermicast from sludge and powdered oyster shell. J

Clean Prod 17, 708-711 (2009)

  • Sanin, F.D., Clarkson, W.W., Vesilind, P.A.: Sludge Engineering: The Treatment and Disposal of

Wastewater Sludges, DEStech Publications, pp. 319-364 (2010)

  • Xue, R.M.: Analysis on the disposal of sludge of wastewater treatment plants. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol

24, 159 (2010)

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7 References

  • Quintern, M.: Full scare vermicomposting and lan utilization of pulpmill solids in combination with

municipal biosolids (sewage sludge). Ecol Environ 180, 65-76 (2014)

  • Fernández-Gómez, M.J., Díaz-Ravina, M., Romero, E., Nogales, R.: Recycling of environmentally

problematic plant wastes generated from greenhouse tomato crops through vermicomposting. Int J Environ Sci Technol 10, 697-708 (2013)

  • Sonowal, P., K, D., Khwairkpam, M., Kalamdhad, A.S.: Feasibility of vermicomposting dewatered

sludge from paper mills using Perionyx excavatus. Eur J Environ Sci 3, 17-26 (2013)

  • Bhat, S.A., Singh, J., Vig, A.P.: Genotoxic assessment and optimization of pressmud with the help of

exotic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 8112-8123 (2014)

  • Vasanthi, K., Chairman, K., Ranjit Singh, A.J.A.: Sugar factory waste (vermicomposting with an epigeic

earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae), Amer J Drug Disc Devel 4, 22-31 (2014)

  • Yadav, A., Garg, V.K.: Nutrient recycling from industrial solid wastes and weeds by vermicomposting

using earthworms. Pedosphere 23, 668-677 (2013)

  • Zucconi, F., Pera, V., Forte, M., De Bertoldi, V.: Evaluating toxicity of imature compost. Biocycle 22,

54-57 (1981)

  • Yadav, A., Suthar, S., Garg, V.K.: Dynamics of microbiology parameters, enzymatic activities and

worm biomass production during vermicomposting of effluent treatment plant sludge of bakery industry. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 14702-14709 (2015)

  • Garg, V.K., Surthar, S., Yadav, A.: Management of food industry waste employing vermicomposting
  • technology. Bioresource Technol 126, 437-443 (2012)

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THANK YOU

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