Recent Overview on Reuse and Biotransformation of Industrial Sludge - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Recent Overview on Reuse and Biotransformation of Industrial Sludge into Organic Fertilizer through Vermicomposting Presented by : Lee Leong Hwee Supervisors: : 23 rd June 2016 Date

Outline of Content 1 Introduction 2 Formation of Industrial Sludge 3 Management of Industrial Sludge 4 Vermicomposting 5 Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge 6 Conclusion 7 References 2

1. Introduction 3

1 Introduction  Industrial sludge is one of the main by-products produced from the treatment of industrial wastewater  Solid or semi-solid material, consisting of  Compounds removed from the wastewater  Substances added into the chemical and biological operation units 4

1 Introduction (Continued…)  Contains a lot of contaminants:  Organic  Inorganic  Chemicals  Microbial pollutants  Composition may vary considerably, depending on the treatment processes  Processing and disposal of sludge is challenging and complex 5

6 Industrial Sludge 2. Formation of

2 Formation of Industrial Sludge  Industrial sludge is the setteable by-products generated from different treatment stages  Can be classified into:  Primary sludge  Secondary sludge  Activated sludge  Chemical sludge Fig 1 Sludge generation points of typical wastewater treatment scheme (Turovskiy and Mathai, 2006) 7

2 Formation of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)  Primary sludge  Produced from the primary treatment  Grey in colour, strongly odorous, high percentage of organic matters  Solid content: 2–7%  Secondary sludge  Produced from the secondary treatment (biological treatment)  Brownish, consisted of biological solids and biomass produced by the microorganisms, inert materials  Solid content: 6-8% 8

2 Formation of Industrial Sludge (Continued…)  Activated sludge  Produced from activated sludge process in the secondary treatment system  Dark grey or dark brown in colour, flocculent appearance  Made up of a mass of microorganisms, inert materials, non-biodegradable suspended solids  Solid content: 0.4-1.5%  Chemical sludge  Produced from the chemical treatment  Chemicals are used to remove and precipitate solids, improve sedimentation processes  Darker in colour, low dewatering characteristics 9

3. Management of Industrial Sludge 10

3 Management of Industrial Sludge Three most common disposal methods 1. Incineration 2. Landfilling 3. Land application 11

3 Management of Industrial Sludge (Continued…) Land Application  Convenient and economic disposal alternatives  More preferable  Valuable source of nutrients  Contains high organic matter content  Reduce the use or inorganic fertilizer  Recycling and reuse of waste are preferred for sustainable development 12

3 Management of Industrial Sludge (Continued…) Problems and Issues  Presence of pollutants and contaminants  Threaten soil quality and crop yield  Contaminate human food chain  Uncontrolled application can cause  Overfertilization  Ammonia toxicity  Accumulation of heavy metals in soil  Increase soil alkalinity  Ground water pollution 13

3 Management of Industrial Sludge (Continued…) Possible way of reusing industrial sludge  Integrating with other treatment and stabilization processes  Volume reduction  Odor control  Pathogen and toxic compounds removal 14

3 Management of Industrial Sludge (Continued…) Current treatment methods  Comprises of few stages:  Thickening – remove moisture to reduce sludge volume  Pre-treatment or conditioning – alter the characteristics of sludge to enhance performance  Post-treatment – stabilize and detoxificate the sludge  Dewatering – remove all the water 15

4. Vermicomposting 16

4 Vermicomposting Vermicomposting • Natural conversion of biodegradable waste into organic fertilizer (Lim et al., 2016) Earthworms & Microorganisms Organic Waste Vermicompost + Amendments (Organic Fertilizer) 17

4 Vermicomposting (Continued…) Advantages of Benefits of vermicompost vermicomposting process (Sim and Wu, 2010): (Singh et al., 2011): • Rich in nutrients • Short Processing time • Improve soil texture • High nutrients recovery • Improve plant growth 18

5. Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge 19

5 Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge Sludge Amendments Earthworm Observation Ref Paper-mill Totato-plant E. fetida - 2:1 mixture ratio of Fernán sludge debris tomato-plant debris and dez- sludge Gómez - Higher proportion of et al., tomato-plant debris 2013 showed higher amount of humic acid Pulp and Cow dung, P. - Total phoposrus increase Sonow paper mill food excavatus (76.1%) al et sludge processing - Total nitrogen increase al., waste (58.7%) 2013 - Total organic carbon decrease (74.5 %) 20

5 Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge (Continued…) Sludge Amendments Earthworm Observation Ref Pressmud Cow dung, E. eugeniae - Increased in nitrogen, Vasant sludge Jeevamirtham phosphorus and hi et Azospirillum potassium content al., - Decreased organic 2014 carbon and C:N ratio Pressmud Cow dung E. fetida - Increased in nitrogen, Bhat et sludge phosphorus, sodium, al., electrical conductivity 2014 and pH - Decreased in C:N ratio and potassium 21

5 Vermicomposting of Industrial Sludge (Continued…) Sludge Amendments Earthworm Observation Ref Bakery Cow dung E. fetida - Increased in growth and Yadav industry reproduction of the et al., sludge earthworms 2015 Food Cow dung, E. fetida - Increased in earthworms Garg et industry poultry biomass al., sludge droppings, - Increased in total 2012 biogas plant nitrogen, total available slurry phosphorus, total sodium and total potassium - Decreased in C:N ratio and pH 22

6. Conclusion 23

6 Conclusion  Earthworms are able to remove harmful pathogens, ingest heavy metals and mineralize nitrogen and phosphorus  Vermicompost has high content of organic matter and nutrients  Vermicomposting can be used to manage various type of industrial sludge 24

7. References 25

7 References  Rupani PF, Singh RP, Ibrahim MH, Esa N. 2010. Review of current palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment methods: Vermicomposting as a sustainable practice. World Applied Sciences Journal 11 :70-81.  Lee, D.-J., Tay, J.-H., Hung, Y.-T., Chang, C.-Y.: Handbook of Environment and Waste Mangement: Land and Groundwater Pollution Control, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, pp. 149-175 (2014)  Fuerhacker, M., Haile, T.M.: Treatment and reuse of sludge. In: Barcelo, D., Petrovic, M. (ed) Waste water treatment and reuse in the Mediterranean Region, Springer-Verlag, pp. 63-92 (2011) Williams, W.T.: Waste Treatment and Disposal, 2 nd edn. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, pp. 63-162 (2005)   Crites, R.W., Middlebrooks, E.J., Bastian, R.K., Reed, S.C.: Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems, 2 nd edn. Taylor & Francis Group, pp 411-460 (2014) Liu, S.X.: Food and Agricultural Wastewater Utilization and Treatment, 2 nd edn. John Wiley & Sons Ltd,  pp 195-223 (2014)  Kwon, Y.T., Lee, C.W., Yun, J.H.: Development of vermicast from sludge and powdered oyster shell. J Clean Prod 17, 708-711 (2009)  Sanin, F.D., Clarkson, W.W., Vesilind, P.A.: Sludge Engineering: The Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater Sludges, DEStech Publications, pp. 319-364 (2010)  Xue, R.M.: Analysis on the disposal of sludge of wastewater treatment plants. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 24, 159 (2010) 26

7 References  Quintern, M.: Full scare vermicomposting and lan utilization of pulpmill solids in combination with municipal biosolids (sewage sludge). Ecol Environ 180, 65-76 (2014)  Fernández-Gómez, M.J., Díaz-Ravina, M., Romero, E., Nogales, R.: Recycling of environmentally problematic plant wastes generated from greenhouse tomato crops through vermicomposting. Int J Environ Sci Technol 10, 697-708 (2013)  Sonowal, P., K, D., Khwairkpam, M., Kalamdhad, A.S.: Feasibility of vermicomposting dewatered sludge from paper mills using Perionyx excavatus . Eur J Environ Sci 3, 17-26 (2013)  Bhat, S.A., Singh, J., Vig, A.P.: Genotoxic assessment and optimization of pressmud with the help of exotic earthworm Eisenia fetida . Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 8112-8123 (2014)  Vasanthi, K., Chairman, K., Ranjit Singh, A.J.A.: Sugar factory waste (vermicomposting with an epigeic earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae ), Amer J Drug Disc Devel 4, 22-31 (2014)  Yadav, A., Garg, V.K.: Nutrient recycling from industrial solid wastes and weeds by vermicomposting using earthworms. Pedosphere 23, 668-677 (2013)  Zucconi, F., Pera, V., Forte, M., De Bertoldi, V.: Evaluating toxicity of imature compost. Biocycle 22, 54-57 (1981)  Yadav, A., Suthar, S., Garg, V.K.: Dynamics of microbiology parameters, enzymatic activities and worm biomass production during vermicomposting of effluent treatment plant sludge of bakery industry. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 14702-14709 (2015)  Garg, V.K., Surthar, S., Yadav, A.: Management of food industry waste employing vermicomposting technology. Bioresource Technol 126, 437-443 (2012) 27

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