Re mo te Se nsing Pla tfo rms a nd Se nso rs MODUL E : 16 RE - - PDF document

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Re mo te Se nsing Pla tfo rms a nd Se nso rs

MODUL E : 16 RE MOT E SE NSI NG PL AT F ORMS AND SE NSORS UNI T : 03 RE MOT E SE NSI NG

Ob je c tive s

 At the e nd o f this se rie s o f le c ture s, yo u sho uld b e a b le to :

1.

De fine te rms.

 T

e rms a nd c o nc e pts a re no te d in the mo dule syno psis a nd hig hlig hte d in the pre se nta tio n.

 I

mpo rta nt fo r a ll c o urse o b je c tive s 2.

Disc uss the diffe re nt c o nc e pts o f re so lutio n a s the y re la te to re mo te se nsing .

 Co urse o b je c tive 8.

3.

De sc rib e the re mo te se nsing pla tfo rms a nd the ir po ssib le use s.

 Co urse o b je c tive 8.

4.

De sc rib e the re mo te se nsing se nso rs a nd the ir po ssib le use s.

 Co urse o b je c tive 8.

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Ob je c tive s

5.

L ist a nd de sc rib e the diffe re nt use s o f re mo te se nsing fo r e c o lo g ic a l re se a rc h a nd na tura l re so urc e ma na g e me nt

 Co urse o b je c tive 8.

I nstrume nts

 Re mo te se nsing instrume nts c o nsist o f two pa rts:

 Pla tfo rm – Suppo rt (physic a l, e ne rg y, c o mmunic a tio n, da ta pro c e ssing

a nd sto ra g e ).

 E

xa mple : L a ndsa t 7 is a pla tfo rm (ho lds se ve ra l se nso rs)  Se nso r – Me a sure s e le c tro ma g ne tic ra dia tio n

 E

xa mple : E nha nc e d T he ma tic Ma ppe r + (E T M+)

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Re so lutio n

 De pe nds o n the se nso r a nd a spe c ts o f the pla tfo rm.

 Spa tia l re so lutio n

 Insta nta ne o us fie ld o f vie w (IF

• V) is the sma lle st a re a tha t a se nso r c a n sa mple .

 Pixe l size / g ra in  De pe nds o n the se nso r a nd the dista nc e fro m the ta rg e t (pla tfo rm de pe nde nt).  E

T M+ 15-60m re so lutio n de pe nding o n wa ve le ng th

 Spe c tra l re so lutio n

 T

he numb e r a nd width (wa ve le ng ths) o f the spe c tra l ra dia tio n tha t the instrume nt is c a pa b le o f de te c ting .

 One instrume nt mig ht me a sure se ve ra l wa ve le ng ths  E

T M+

 Visib le lig ht: b a nds 1-5, 7  T

he rma l infra re d: b a nd 6

 Pa nc hro ma tic : b a nd 8

Re so lutio n

 Ra dio me tric re so lutio n

 Se nso r se nsitivity to the ma g nitude o f the e le c tro ma g ne tic ra dia tio n.  Brig htne ss le ve ls

 T

e mpo ra l re so lutio n

 T

he time b e twe e n re pe a t me a sure s o f the sa me a re a .

 De pe nds to a la rg e de g re e o n the pla tfo rm  L

a ndsa t (E T M+): 16 da ys

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Pla tfo rm

 Pla tfo rm – Suppo rt (physic a l, e ne rg y, c o mmunic a tio n, da ta

pro c e ssing a nd sto ra g e ).

 Sa te llite , a irpla ne , dro ne , ro c ke t, b a llo n, e tc  A sing le pla tfo rm mig ht suppo rt se ve ra l se nso rs  E

xa mple : L a ndsa t 7 is a pla tfo rm (ho lds se ve ra l se nso rs)

Pla tfo rms

 F

ixe d

 T

ripo ds

 Che rry Pic ke rs/ Cra ne s

 Mo ving

 Air Bo rne

 Ba llo o n (c a ptive / te the re d, fre e )  Birds  Airc ra ft  Glide rs  Uma nne d Ae ria l Syste ms

 Spa c e b a se d

 Ge o sta tio na ry  Sun sync hro no us

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Pla tfo rms

 So me impo rta nt c ha ra c te ristic s o f re mo te se nsing pla tfo rms

 Ma ss  Altitude (influe nc e s the insta nta ne o us fie ld o f vie w)  Orb it  Size  Suppo rt c a pa b ilitie s  Ve lo c ity  E

ndura nc e

 Co st  (Se nso rs)

Airc ra ft

 Ca n c a rry a va rie ty o f se nso rs  Ve ry lo w to hig h flig ht a ltitude s

 I

nte ra c ts with se nso r q ua lity to de te rmine spa tia l re so lutio n

 T

• ma inta in spa tia l re so lutio n a t hig he r a ltitude s ne e d b e tte r se nso rs

 T

e c hnic a l a nd physic a l limits  L

imite d e ndura nc e

 Spa tia l re so lutio n va rie d (0.1 c m to 1 m)  T

e mpo ra l re so lutio n po te ntia lly insta ntane o us

 L

• w to hig h c o st

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Sa te llite s

 Ca rry a fe we r type s o f se nso rs  Orb ita l a ltitude va rie s, b ut hig he r tha n a irc ra ft  E

ndura nc e is va ria b le , b ut typic a lly lo ne r tha n a irc ra ft

 Spa tia l re so lutio n is re la tive ly c o a rse (0.5 m)  T

e mpo ra l re so lutio n insta ntane o us to se ve ral da ys

 Co st is ve ry hig h

Sa te llite s

 Orb its

 T

he a ltitude tha t a sa te llite o rb its a t de pe nds o n the o rb ita l spe e d.

 Clo se r to the E

a rth the fa ste r the sa te llite o rb its (a lso the fa ste r the o rb it de c a ys a nd the sho rte r the life spa n o f the sa te llite .

 T

he furthe r fro m the E a rth the slo we r the sa te llite o rb its.  Ge o sta tio na ry

 Ob se rve s o nly o ne pa rt o f the E

a rth

 36,000 km a ltitude (spe e d de te rmine s o rb ita l a ltitude )  E

q ua to ria l o rb it

 24 ho ur o rb ita l pe rio d  Insta nta ne o us te mpo ra l re so lutio n  (Co a rse spa tia l re so lutio n (~1 km))

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Sa te llite s

 Sun sync hro no us

 Ob se rve s a pa rt o f the E

a rth a t the sa me lo c a l time .

 Me a ns tha t the a ng le tha t the sunlig ht hits the E

a rth (a ng le o f inc ide nc e ) is the sa me a nd c a n b e re mo ve d a s a fa c to r influe nc ing re fle c ta nc e .  600 - 1400 km a ltitude (re la tive ly lo w to me dium o rb its)  Po la r o rb it  ~90 minute o rb ita l pe rio d  T

e mpo ra l re so lutio n: se ve ra l da ys (~16 da ys)

 (Me dium to hig h spa tia l re so lutio n ima g e s)

http:/ / www.se o s-pro je c t.e u/ mo dule s/ re mo te se nsing / re mo te se nsing -c 02-p01.html

Sa te llite s

Orb its

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Se nso rs

 Se nso r – Me a sure s e le c tro ma g ne tic ra dia tio n

 Ac tive se nso r – E

mits ra dia tio n o f a spe c ific wa ve le ng th a nd re c o rds wha t is re fle c te d (e xa mple : ra da r g un)

 Pa ssive se nso r – Re lie s o n a n e xte rna l so urc e o f ra dia tio n (Sun) a nd

re c o rds the re fle c te d ra dia tio n.

 E

xa mple : E nha nc e d T he ma tic Ma ppe r + (E T M+)

Se nso rs

 Se nso rs a re c la ssifie d b y the wa ve le ng ths o f e le c tro ma g ne tic

ra dia tio n with whic h the y inte ra c t.

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Se nso rs

Ac tive se nso r a dva nta g e s



We a the r inde pe nde nt

 Mic ro wa ve c a n pe ne tra te c lo uds



Sun inde pe nde nt

 Da y o r nig ht



Pe ne tra te so il

 Ra da r



Me a sure so il mo isture

Ac tive se nso r disa dva nta g e s



I nte rfe re nc e fro m o the r so urc e s



F e w spe c tra l c ha ra c te ristic s o f c o mmo n se nso rs



Ana lysis is e xpe nsive



E xpe nsive to b uild

Se nso rs

 Visua l/ Optic a l

 Histo ric a lly pho to g ra phs  Wa ve le ng ths: visib le a nd ne a r infra re d (VNI

R) 300-3000nm

 Visua l inte rpre ta tio n is c o mmo n  Mo re a na lytic a l tre a tme nts a va ila b le fo r dig ita l ima g e s

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Se nso rs

 T

he rma l

 T

he rma l infra re d (middle a nd lo ng wa ve le ng th infra re d)

 Wa ve le ng th: 3000-5000 nm  T

e mpe ra ture o n the E a rth a nd o c e a n te mpe ra ture s

 F

ire s

Se nso rs

 Mic ro wa ve s

 Ac tive o r pa ssive se nso rs  Wa ve le ng ths 1 mm to 1 m  Ca n pe ne tra te c lo uds  Me a sure e le va tio n o f la nd  Me a sure wind o ve r wa te r (e ffe c t o f wind o n wa ve s)  Ac tive ve rsio ns c a n o pe ra te a t nig ht

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Se nso rs

 Se le c ting a n a ppro pria te se nso r

 Purpo se  E

xte nt

 Re so lutio n  Wa ve le ng ths

Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing

 Ag ric ulture

 Cro p c o nditio n a sse ssme nt  Cro p stre ss mo nito ring  Cro p type c la ssific a tio n  Cro p yie ld e stima tio n  So il ma pping  So il mo isture c o nte nt

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Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing

 F

• re stry

 F

• re st c o ve r ma pping

 De fo re sta tio n ma pping  F

ire de te c tio n a nd ma pping

 Bio ma ss e stima tio n  Spe c ie s inve nto ry

Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing

 Oc e a n

 Sto rm fo re c a sting  Co a sta l ve g e ta tio n mo nito ring  Oil spills

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Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing

 E

nviro nme nta l

 We tla nd de line a tio n a nd ma pping  Wa te r q ua lity mo nito ring

Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing

 Hydro lo g y

 Wa te rshe d ma pping  Surfa c e wa te r a sse ssme nt  Sno w me lt run-o ff

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Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing

 L

a nduse / L a ndc o ve rma pping

 Wildlife pro te c tio n  E

nc ro a c hme nt

Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing

 Wildlife ma na g e me nt?  E

c o lo g ic a l re se a rc h?