11/17/2016 Re mo te Se nsing Pla tfo rms a nd Se nso rs MODUL E : 16 RE MOT E SE NSI NG PL AT F ORMS AND SE NSORS UNI T : 03 RE MOT E SE NSI NG Ob je c tive s At the e nd o f this se rie s o f le c ture s, yo u sho uld b e a b le to : De fine te rms. 1. T e rms a nd c o nc e pts a re no te d in the mo dule syno psis a nd hig hlig hte d in the pre se nta tio n. I mpo rta nt fo r a ll c o urse o b je c tive s Disc uss the diffe re nt c o nc e pts o f re so lutio n a s the y re la te to re mo te 2. se nsing . Co urse o b je c tive 8. De sc rib e the re mo te se nsing pla tfo rms a nd the ir po ssib le use s. 3. Co urse o b je c tive 8. De sc rib e the re mo te se nsing se nso rs a nd the ir po ssib le use s. 4. Co urse o b je c tive 8. 1
11/17/2016 Ob je c tive s L ist a nd de sc rib e the diffe re nt use s o f re mo te se nsing fo r e c o lo g ic a l 5. re se a rc h a nd na tura l re so urc e ma na g e me nt Co urse o b je c tive 8. I nstrume nts Re mo te se nsing instrume nts c o nsist o f two pa rts: Pla tfo rm – Suppo rt (physic a l, e ne rg y, c o mmunic a tio n, da ta pro c e ssing a nd sto ra g e ). E xa mple : L a ndsa t 7 is a pla tfo rm (ho lds se ve ra l se nso rs) Se nso r – Me a sure s e le c tro ma g ne tic ra dia tio n E xa mple : E nha nc e d T he ma tic Ma ppe r + (E T M+) 2
11/17/2016 Re so lutio n De pe nds o n the se nso r a nd a spe c ts o f the pla tfo rm. Spa tia l re so lutio n Insta nta ne o us fie ld o f vie w (IF o V) is the sma lle st a re a tha t a se nso r c a n sa mple . Pixe l size / g ra in De pe nds o n the se nso r a nd the dista nc e fro m the ta rg e t (pla tfo rm de pe nde nt). E T M+ 15-60m re so lutio n de pe nding o n wa ve le ng th Spe c tra l re so lutio n T he numb e r a nd width (wa ve le ng ths) o f the spe c tra l ra dia tio n tha t the instrume nt is c a pa b le o f de te c ting . One instrume nt mig ht me a sure se ve ra l wa ve le ng ths E T M+ Visib le lig ht: b a nds 1-5, 7 T he rma l infra re d: b a nd 6 Pa nc hro ma tic : b a nd 8 Re so lutio n Ra dio me tric re so lutio n Se nso r se nsitivity to the ma g nitude o f the e le c tro ma g ne tic ra dia tio n. Brig htne ss le ve ls T e mpo ra l re so lutio n T he time b e twe e n re pe a t me a sure s o f the sa me a re a . De pe nds to a la rg e de g re e o n the pla tfo rm L a ndsa t (E T M+): 16 da ys 3
11/17/2016 Pla tfo rm Pla tfo rm – Suppo rt (physic a l, e ne rg y, c o mmunic a tio n, da ta pro c e ssing a nd sto ra g e ). Sa te llite , a irpla ne , dro ne , ro c ke t, b a llo n, e tc A sing le pla tfo rm mig ht suppo rt se ve ra l se nso rs E xa mple : L a ndsa t 7 is a pla tfo rm (ho lds se ve ra l se nso rs) Pla tfo rms F ixe d T ripo ds Che rry Pic ke rs/ Cra ne s Mo ving Air Bo rne Ba llo o n (c a ptive / te the re d, fre e ) Birds Airc ra ft Glide rs Uma nne d Ae ria l Syste ms Spa c e b a se d Ge o sta tio na ry Sun sync hro no us 4
11/17/2016 Pla tfo rms So me impo rta nt c ha ra c te ristic s o f re mo te se nsing pla tfo rms Ma ss Altitude (influe nc e s the insta nta ne o us fie ld o f vie w) Orb it Size Suppo rt c a pa b ilitie s Ve lo c ity E ndura nc e Co st (Se nso rs) Airc ra ft Ca n c a rry a va rie ty o f se nso rs Ve ry lo w to hig h flig ht a ltitude s I nte ra c ts with se nso r q ua lity to de te rmine spa tia l re so lutio n T o ma inta in spa tia l re so lutio n a t hig he r a ltitude s ne e d b e tte r se nso rs T e c hnic a l a nd physic a l limits L imite d e ndura nc e Spa tia l re so lutio n va rie d (0.1 c m to 1 m) T e mpo ra l re so lutio n po te ntia lly insta ntane o us L o w to hig h c o st 5
11/17/2016 Sa te llite s Ca rry a fe we r type s o f se nso rs Orb ita l a ltitude va rie s, b ut hig he r tha n a irc ra ft E ndura nc e is va ria b le , b ut typic a lly lo ne r tha n a irc ra ft Spa tia l re so lutio n is re la tive ly c o a rse (0.5 m) T e mpo ra l re so lutio n insta ntane o us to se ve ral da ys Co st is ve ry hig h Sa te llite s Orb its T he a ltitude tha t a sa te llite o rb its a t de pe nds o n the o rb ita l spe e d. Clo se r to the E a rth the fa ste r the sa te llite o rb its (a lso the fa ste r the o rb it de c a ys a nd the sho rte r the life spa n o f the sa te llite . T he furthe r fro m the E a rth the slo we r the sa te llite o rb its. Ge o sta tio na ry Ob se rve s o nly o ne pa rt o f the E a rth 36,000 km a ltitude (spe e d de te rmine s o rb ita l a ltitude ) E q ua to ria l o rb it 24 ho ur o rb ita l pe rio d Insta nta ne o us te mpo ra l re so lutio n (Co a rse spa tia l re so lutio n (~1 km)) 6
11/17/2016 Sa te llite s Sun sync hro no us Ob se rve s a pa rt o f the E a rth a t the sa me lo c a l time . Me a ns tha t the a ng le tha t the sunlig ht hits the E a rth (a ng le o f inc ide nc e ) is the sa me a nd c a n b e re mo ve d a s a fa c to r influe nc ing re fle c ta nc e . 600 - 1400 km a ltitude (re la tive ly lo w to me dium o rb its) Po la r o rb it ~90 minute o rb ita l pe rio d T e mpo ra l re so lutio n: se ve ra l da ys (~16 da ys) (Me dium to hig h spa tia l re so lutio n ima g e s) Sa te llite s Orb its http:/ / www.se o s-pro je c t.e u/ mo dule s/ re mo te se nsing / re mo te se nsing -c 02-p01.html 7
11/17/2016 Se nso rs Se nso r – Me a sure s e le c tro ma g ne tic ra dia tio n Ac tive se nso r – E mits ra dia tio n o f a spe c ific wa ve le ng th a nd re c o rds wha t is re fle c te d (e xa mple : ra da r g un) Pa ssive se nso r – Re lie s o n a n e xte rna l so urc e o f ra dia tio n (Sun) a nd re c o rds the re fle c te d ra dia tio n. E xa mple : E nha nc e d T he ma tic Ma ppe r + (E T M+) Se nso rs Se nso rs a re c la ssifie d b y the wa ve le ng ths o f e le c tro ma g ne tic ra dia tio n with whic h the y inte ra c t. 8
11/17/2016 Se nso rs Ac tive se nso r Ac tive se nso r a dva nta g e s disa dva nta g e s We a the r inde pe nde nt I nte rfe re nc e fro m o the r so urc e s Mic ro wa ve c a n pe ne tra te c lo uds F e w spe c tra l c ha ra c te ristic s o f c o mmo n se nso rs Sun inde pe nde nt Ana lysis is e xpe nsive Da y o r nig ht E xpe nsive to b uild Pe ne tra te so il Ra da r Me a sure so il mo isture Se nso rs Visua l/ Optic a l Histo ric a lly pho to g ra phs Wa ve le ng ths: visib le a nd ne a r infra re d (VNI R) 300-3000nm Visua l inte rpre ta tio n is c o mmo n Mo re a na lytic a l tre a tme nts a va ila b le fo r dig ita l ima g e s 9
11/17/2016 Se nso rs T he rma l T he rma l infra re d (middle a nd lo ng wa ve le ng th infra re d) Wa ve le ng th: 3000-5000 nm T e mpe ra ture o n the E a rth a nd o c e a n te mpe ra ture s F ire s Se nso rs Mic ro wa ve s Ac tive o r pa ssive se nso rs Wa ve le ng ths 1 mm to 1 m Ca n pe ne tra te c lo uds Me a sure e le va tio n o f la nd Me a sure wind o ve r wa te r (e ffe c t o f wind o n wa ve s) Ac tive ve rsio ns c a n o pe ra te a t nig ht 10
11/17/2016 Se nso rs Se le c ting a n a ppro pria te se nso r Purpo se E xte nt Re so lutio n Wa ve le ng ths Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing Ag ric ulture Cro p c o nditio n a sse ssme nt Cro p stre ss mo nito ring Cro p type c la ssific a tio n Cro p yie ld e stima tio n So il ma pping So il mo isture c o nte nt 11
11/17/2016 Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing F o re stry F o re st c o ve r ma pping De fo re sta tio n ma pping F ire de te c tio n a nd ma pping Bio ma ss e stima tio n Spe c ie s inve nto ry Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing Oc e a n Sto rm fo re c a sting Co a sta l ve g e ta tio n mo nito ring Oil spills 12
11/17/2016 Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing E nviro nme nta l We tla nd de line a tio n a nd ma pping Wa te r q ua lity mo nito ring Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing Hydro lo g y Wa te rshe d ma pping Surfa c e wa te r a sse ssme nt Sno w me lt run-o ff 13
11/17/2016 Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing L a nduse / L a ndc o ve rma pping Wildlife pro te c tio n E nc ro a c hme nt Use s o f Re mo te Se nsing Wildlife ma na g e me nt? E c o lo g ic a l re se a rc h? 14
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