Rationality, Man and Values Rationality, Man and Values Reason: The - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Rationality, Man and Values Rationality, Man and Values

►Reason: The act of reasoning

Reason: The act of reasoning

►E.g. Men are Rational

E.g. Men are Rational

• Aristotle

Aristotle

►Theoretical Reason

Theoretical Reason

• Thinking

Thinking per se per se

►Practical Reason

Practical Reason

• All men are rational

All men are rational

• Socrates is man, then ‘Socrates is mortal’

Socrates is man, then ‘Socrates is mortal’

Rationality & Values Rationality & Values

►Theoretical Reasoning

Theoretical Reasoning—> Existence —> Existence

►We are all thinking beings, ….

We are all thinking beings, ….

►Practical Reasoning

Practical Reasoning—> Action —> Action

►We are all actively/ intentionally engaged in performing actions,

We are all actively/ intentionally engaged in performing actions, hence, active-purposive beings hence, active-purposive beings

►Positive Sciences

Positive Sciences —> Facts —> Facts

►Normative Sciences

Normative Sciences —> Values —> Values

THE ENVIRONMENT THE ENVIRONMENT Man and Nature Man and Nature

► It

It Conception of Nature to Conception of Nature to thou thou Conception of Nature: A Conception of Nature: A Transition Transition

►

Value in Nature & Nature of Values Value in Nature & Nature of Values

►

The Moral Agents and Moral Subjects The Moral Agents and Moral Subjects

► Biology and Ethics: Biocentric worldview

Biology and Ethics: Biocentric worldview

Presuppositions of Presuppositions of It It

►Humans are centers of the Universe

Humans are centers of the Universe

►Humans are morally significant

Humans are morally significant

►Man is made in the image of God

Man is made in the image of God

►Destruction of Plants & Animals are not sinful

Destruction of Plants & Animals are not sinful

►

Natural world exist only for the benefit of human Natural world exist only for the benefit of human beings beings

►Nature had no intrinsic value

Nature had no intrinsic value

Conflicting Reasons Conflicting Reasons

► What is to be central?

What is to be central?

• Man is placed not relatively but absolutely centre of everything.

Man is placed not relatively but absolutely centre of everything.

• Man is a ‘titular god’

Man is a ‘titular god’

Species Politics during Enlightenment Species Politics during Enlightenment

►As the single being upon earth that possesses

As the single being upon earth that possesses understanding, (man) is certainly titular lord of nature understanding, (man) is certainly titular lord of nature and supposing we regard nature as teleological and supposing we regard nature as teleological system, he is born to be its ultimate end’ system, he is born to be its ultimate end’

• Kant
• Kant

►Kant finds a natural way to interpret centrality

Kant finds a natural way to interpret centrality