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Raritan River Basin TMDL Study: Water Quality Targets and Future - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Omni Environmental Raritan River Basin TMDL Study: Water Quality Targets and Future Simulations December 17, 2007 Presented to: Raritan Basin Watershed Alliance Technical Advisory Committee Presented by: Jim Cosgrove and Tom Amidon Omni

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Omni Environmental

Raritan River Basin TMDL Study: Water Quality Targets and Future Simulations

December 17, 2007 Presented to: Raritan Basin Watershed Alliance Technical Advisory Committee Presented by: Jim Cosgrove and Tom Amidon Omni Environmental LLC

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Omni Environmental

Purpose and Agenda

Purpose

Review water quality targets and future simulations

Agenda

Overview Water Quality Targets Orthophosphorus as effluent limit What will the TMDL achieve?

Snapshots by watershed area

Discussion

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Overview

Raritan River Basin TMDL Study

Provide technical basis for NJDEP to develop TMDLs as

necessary to address phosphorus and other conventional impairments in the Raritan River Basin

Extensive Monitoring Performed in 2004 and 2005

Data Summary

December 19, 2005 Report August 20, 2007 Presentation

State-of-the-Art Watershed Models Developed

Model Calibration and Validation

September 17, 2007 Presentation

Future Simulations (What would happen if …?)

Today’s Presentation

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Raritan Bay Tidal Raritan River

Raritan River Basin Watershed Models

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Why are We Picking on Phosphorus?

Phosphorus is a nutrient that can stimulate excessive

growth of plants and algae

Impact to dissolved oxygen (DO)

Large diurnal DO swings during summer low-flow periods Violations of minimum DO criteria during summer nights

Impact to pH due to photosynthesis

Large diurnal pH swings during summer low-flow periods Violations of maximum pH criteria during summer days

Excessive plants and algae

Phosphorus is causing these impacts in many waters in

the Raritan River basin (“rendering unsuitable”)

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Regulatory Thresholds

Low Dissolved Oxygen (DO) minimums

4 mg/l for Non-Trout Waters 5 mg/l for Trout Maintenance Waters 7 mg/l for Trout Production Waters

pH Criteria

6.5 minimum to 8.5 maximum (s.u.)

Lake criterion of 0.05 mg/l TP Stream criterion of 0.1 mg/l TP

Unless not “rendering unsuitable” for designated uses

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Assessing Impacts to pH

WASP simulates DO, but not pH Photosynthesis pumps DO into the water column and

utilizes CO2, which increases pH

High productivity results in diurnal swings of DO

and pH

Site-specific correlations of pH with DO during

summer

DO threshold based on the DO associated with pH of

8.5

Average DO threshold = 12 mg/l

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Relationship Between DO and pH

Dissolved Oxygen and pH (SBRR10)

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 07/28/05 07/30/05 08/01/05 08/03/05 08/05/05 08/07/05 08/09/05 DO (mg/l) or pH (s.u.) Measured pH DO Predicted pH Max pH Criterion r² = 0.64 Max DO based on pH of 8.5 is 10.8 mg/l

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Impacts of Point and Nonpoint Source Phosphorus Reductions

Nonpoint source reductions

Percent reduction of phosphorus in stormwater runoff

from urban and agricultural areas

Point source reductions

Dissolved orthophosphorus Organic phosphorus Implications for wastewater treatment and regulation

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Impact of NPS Reduction on TP

South Branch Raritan River at Solitude Lake Total Phosphorus

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 6/1/2002 6/21/2002 7/11/2002 7/31/2002 8/20/2002 9/9/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) N20P005 N60P005 N80P005 (MRC) 0.05 mg/l criterion [NSB_hyd_N20P0 05.xls]TP

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Impact of NPS Reduction on DO

Neshanic River at Reaville Rd. near Reaville (NR1)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) 0% Reduction [NSB_hyd_N20P00 5.xls]DO

Neshanic River at Reaville Rd. near Reaville (NR1)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) 0% Reduction 20% NPS Reduction [NSB_hyd_N20P00 5.xls]DO

Neshanic River at Reaville Rd. near Reaville (NR1)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) 0% Reduction 20% NPS Reduction 60% NPS Reduction [NSB_hyd_N20P00 5.xls]DO

Neshanic River at Reaville Rd. near Reaville (NR1)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) 0% Reduction 20% NPS Reduction 60% NPS Reduction 80% NPS Reduction [NSB_hyd_N20P00 5.xls]DO

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Impact of Point Source Reductions of OrthoP vs OrgP on DO

South Branch Raritan River at Studdiford Dr. in South Branch (SBRR10)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 8/1/2002 8/6/2002 8/11/2002 8/16/2002 8/21/2002 8/26/2002 DO Concentration (mg/l) Existing [NSB_hy d Calibr

South Branch Raritan River at Studdiford Dr. in South Branch (SBRR10)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 8/1/2002 8/6/2002 8/11/2002 8/16/2002 8/21/2002 8/26/2002 DO Concentration (mg/l) Existing MRC (OrthoP = 0.025 mg/l ; OrgP = 0.025 mg/l) [NSB_hy d Calibr

South Branch Raritan River at Studdiford Dr. in South Branch (SBRR10)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 8/1/2002 8/6/2002 8/11/2002 8/16/2002 8/21/2002 8/26/2002 DO Concentration (mg/l) Existing MRC (OrthoP = 0.025 mg/l ; OrgP = 0.025 mg/l) MRC* (OrthoP = 0.025 mg/l ; OrgP = 1.0 mg/l) [NSB_hy d Calibr

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Wastewater Treatment Implications

  • Typical secondary effluent (no P removal)

Most phosphorus is soluble orthophosphate

  • Phosphorus Removal Steps

Convert orthophosphorus to TSS

  • Chemical precipitation
  • Secondary environmental impacts (sludge production and TDS)
  • Biological phosphorus removal (BPR)
  • Concentrates P in TSS (~6% instead of ~2%)

Remove TSS

  • TP Limit creates major disincentive for BPR

BPR concentrates P in TSS by a factor 3

  • TSS effluent concentrations must be 3× lower to achieve the same effluent TP concentration

To satisfy effluent TP limit of 0.1 mg/l

  • TSS must be < 4 mg/L for non-BPR system with P content of 2% of TSS
  • TSS must be < 1.3 mg/L for BPR system with P content of 6% of TSS
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Implications for Wastewater Regulation

  • What if effluent limits were expressed as Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus

(Ortho P)?

OrthoP limits would be established as necessary to satisfy low DO and high pH

thresholds

OrgP levels would depend on TSS concentration and whether BPR was utilized

  • For TSS limit of 15 mg/l, OrgP would not exceed:
  • 0.3 mg/l without BPR
  • 0.9 mg/l with BPR

TP limits may still be necessary to satisfy lake criterion (0.05 mg/l) and instream

0.1 criterion

  • Environmental Benefits

Targeting OrthoP targets the real productivity culprit Eliminates disincentive for BPR

  • BPR eliminates or reduces chemical addition
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What will the TMDL Achieve?

Existing Condition

Calibrated Model

MRC (Most Reduced Condition)

80% NPS reduction Permitted PS flow at 0.05 mg/l (0.025 mg/l OrthoP)

Scenario 1

60% NPS reduction Permitted PS flows Effluent P concentrations vary by location to achieve water quality

targets

P concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 depending on size and location Very small dischargers left at existing effluent quality Some locations do not require reductions of point sources Dischargers set to long-term average associated with existing effluent limit

Other scenarios have been and will be considered

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Dissolved Oxygen

South Branch Raritan River at Mill Rd. in Middle Valley (SBR4)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing [NSB_hy d Calibr

South Branch Raritan River at Mill Rd. in Middle Valley (SBR4)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 [NSB_hy d Calibr

South Branch Raritan River at Mill Rd. in Middle Valley (SBR4)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hy d Calibr

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Total Phosphorus

South Branch Raritan River at Solitude Lake (SBRR3)

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 1/1/2002 2/20/2002 4/11/2002 5/31/2002 7/20/2002 9/8/2002 10/28/2002 12/17/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hyd_Calibrat ed 09182007.xls]T

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Dissolved Oxygen

South Branch Raritan River at Hamden Rd. in Landsdown (SBRR7)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing [NSB_hy d Calibr

South Branch Raritan River at Hamden Rd. in Landsdown (SBRR7)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 [NSB_hy d Calibr

South Branch Raritan River at Hamden Rd. in Landsdown (SBRR7)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hy d Calibr

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Dissolved Oxygen

South Branch Raritan River at Studdiford Dr. in South Branch (SBRR10)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing [NSB_hy d Calibr

South Branch Raritan River at Studdiford Dr. in South Branch (SBRR10)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 [NSB_hy d Calibr

South Branch Raritan River at Studdiford Dr. in South Branch (SBRR10)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hy d Calibr

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Total Phosphorus

North Branch Raritan River at Ravine Lake (NBRR3)

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 1/1/2002 2/20/2002 4/11/2002 5/31/2002 7/20/2002 9/8/2002 10/28/2002 12/17/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hyd_Calibrat ed 09182007.xls]T

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Dissolved Oxygen

Lamington River at Cowperthwaite Road in Burnt Mills (LR5)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 9/1/2002 9/6/2002 9/11/2002 9/16/2002 9/21/2002 9/26/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing [NSB_hy d Calibr

Lamington River at Cowperthwaite Road in Burnt Mills (LR5)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 9/1/2002 9/6/2002 9/11/2002 9/16/2002 9/21/2002 9/26/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 [NSB_hy d Calibr

Lamington River at Cowperthwaite Road in Burnt Mills (LR5)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 9/1/2002 9/6/2002 9/11/2002 9/16/2002 9/21/2002 9/26/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hy d Calibr

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Dissolved Oxygen

North Branch Raritan River at Route 202 in Bridgewater (NBRR7)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 9/1/2002 9/6/2002 9/11/2002 9/16/2002 9/21/2002 9/26/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing [NSB_hy d Calibr

North Branch Raritan River at Route 202 in Bridgewater (NBRR7)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 9/1/2002 9/6/2002 9/11/2002 9/16/2002 9/21/2002 9/26/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 [NSB_hy d Calibr

North Branch Raritan River at Route 202 in Bridgewater (NBRR7)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 9/1/2002 9/6/2002 9/11/2002 9/16/2002 9/21/2002 9/26/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hy d Calibr

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Dissolved Oxygen

Raritan River at Main Street in Manville (RR1)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing [NSB_hy d Calibr

Raritan River at Main Street in Manville (RR1)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 [NSB_hy d Calibr

Raritan River at Main Street in Manville (RR1)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hy d Calibr

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Total Phosphorus

Raritan River at Main Street in Manville (RR1)

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 1/1/2002 7/20/2002 2/5/2003 8/24/2003 3/11/2004 9/27/2004 4/15/2005 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [NSB_hyd_Calibrat ed 09182007.xls]T

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Dissolved Oxygen

Upper Millstone River Downstream of Railroad Crossing in Plainsboro (UMR3)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing [Upper_Calibrated_10162007.xl s]DO

Upper Millstone River Downstream of Railroad Crossing in Plainsboro (UMR3)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 [Upper_Calibrated_10162007.xl s]DO

Upper Millstone River Downstream of Railroad Crossing in Plainsboro (UMR3)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [Upper_Calibrated_10162007.xl s]DO

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Total Phosphorus

Upper Millstone River at Route 1 (M1)

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 1/1/2002 2/20/2002 4/11/2002 5/31/2002 7/20/2002 9/8/2002 10/28/2002 12/17/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [Upper_Calibrated_10162007.xl s]TP

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Dissolved Oxygen

Stony Brook at Route 206 in Princeton (SB3)

5 10 15 20 25 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing

[Stony hyd calibra

Stony Brook at Route 206 in Princeton (SB3)

5 10 15 20 25 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1

[Stony hyd calibra

Stony Brook at Route 206 in Princeton (SB3)

5 10 15 20 25 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC

[Stony hyd calibra

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Total Phosphorus

Stony Brook at Route 206 in Princeton (SB3)

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1/1/2002 2/20/2002 4/11/2002 5/31/2002 7/20/2002 9/8/2002 10/28/2002 12/17/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC

[Stony hyd calibra

Stony Brook at Alexander Road in Princeton (SB4)

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1/1/2002 2/20/2002 4/11/2002 5/31/2002 7/20/2002 9/8/2002 10/28/2002 12/17/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC

[Stony hyd calibra

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Dissolved Oxygen

Beden Brook at Province Line Rd. in Hopewell (BB2)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

Beden Brook at Province Line Rd. in Hopewell (BB2)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing Scenario 1 [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

Beden Brook at Province Line Rd. in Hopewell (BB2)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing Scenario 1 MRC [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

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Dissolved Oxygen

Beden Brook at Opossum Rd. in Montgomery

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

Beden Brook at Opossum Rd. in Montgomery

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing Scenario 1 [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

Beden Brook at Opossum Rd. in Montgomery

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing Scenario 1 MRC [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

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Total Phosphorus

Beden Brook Downstream of Pike Brook Confluence (BB3)

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 1/1/2002 2/20/2002 4/11/2002 5/31/2002 7/20/2002 9/8/2002 10/28/2002 12/17/2002 Concentration (mg/l) Existing Scenario 1 MRC [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]TP

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Dissolved Oxygen

Lower Millstone River at Manville Causeway (M7)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

Lower Millstone River at Manville Causeway (M7)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing MRC [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

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Dissolved Oxygen

Raritan River above Fieldville Dam (R4)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

Raritan River above Fieldville Dam (R4)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 7/1/2002 7/11/2002 7/21/2002 7/31/2002 8/10/2002 8/20/2002 8/30/2002 9/9/2002 9/19/2002 9/29/2002 Concentration (mg/l)

Existing MRC [Beden_hyd_calibrated.xls]DO

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Summary

Substantial point and nonpoint source

phosphorus reductions required to satisfy end points

Phosphorus reductions will result in

significant and noticeable water quality improvements

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Discussion