Radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel management: current challenges Anzhelika Khaperskaya State Corporation “Rosatom”, Russia
The current situation in SNF & RW management Volumes of solid radioactive waste, both in storage and in final disposal SNF accumulation worldwide Is the spent nuclear fuel a resource or a waste? Strategic options 250 000 t of SNF 370 000 t in storage SF discharged 120 000 t of from NPPs worldwide reprocessed spent fuel STATUS AND TRENDS IN SPENT FUEL AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT IAEA NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES No. NW-T-1.14, 2018
SNF Direct disposal SNF is stored for several decades and disposed in a geologic repository Finland, Sweden, USA, Canada, Germany 3
Reprocessing& Recycling today Reprocessing/Recycling – SNF is reprocessed, U and Pu reused as fuel in light water reactors or fast reactors – high level waste disposed in a geologic repository France, Russia, Japan, India and China ( countries with large and ambitions nuclear power programmes) Monorecycling today - MOX and repU fuel (up to 25% saving of nat U) World Map of MOX Fuel users 40 LWRs 14 AGRs 11 LWGRs 9 PHWRs World Map of repU Fuel users 4 Slide have been inspired in the e-learning material on SFM currently under development in the IAEA (NE department )
REMIX fuel – U& Pu multi - recycling in LWR reactors REMIX fuel is the mixture of U and Pu from LWR SNF reprocessing, with the addition of enriched uranium (natural or rep. U) . REMIX fuel enables multiple recycling of the entire quantity of U and Pu from SNF, with the 100% core charge and 20%- saving of natural uranium in each cycle. NPP irradiation SNF reprocessing cooling HLLW partitioning 5 year SNF HLW U-Pu mixture Rep U. Enrichment . NPP MA burning VVER / PWR recycle FABRICATION U & Pu Non-separated U-Pu U-Pu mixture U nat. Enriched rep. U repU (5,2%) REMIX Fas Enriched nat U (4,4%) Nat U 5 5
Advanced Fuel Cycles LWR Open Fuel Cycle URANIUM DEMAND Without recycling 100% Recycling in light water 75% reactors BN-800 Recycling in fast reactors 5% Advanced nuclear system with LWR and FR , recycling U and Pu can provide long term (thousand of years) supply of low carbon electricity 6
Infrastructure of Advanced Fuel Cycles in Russia SNF SNF storage SNF SNF Reprocessing PA Mayak SNF Reprocessing MCC SNF Energy production - NPPs HLW (LWR, FR) Fuel fabrication repU Pu FAs FAs HLW Am, Pu, Cm, Np MOX fuel Enrichment and U U, Pu fabrication fuel fabrication FAs FR/MSR REMIX fuel U fabrication U mining 7
Contact information A. Khaperskaya State Corporation “Rosatom” +7 (499) 949-43-44 AVKhaperskaya@rosatom.ru www.rosatom.ru 8
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