Quantifying the Impacts of Vegetation on Air Quality and Health Air - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Quantifying the Impacts of Vegetation on Air Quality and Health Air - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Quantifying the Impacts of Vegetation on Air Quality and Health Air quality measurements to support: Green Heart Louisville Louisville Superfund Research Program Pradeep Prathibha and Jay Turner Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical

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Quantifying the Impacts of Vegetation on Air Quality and Health

Air quality measurements to support:

Green Heart Louisville Louisville Superfund Research Program Pradeep Prathibha and Jay Turner Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis

  • St. Louis, Missouri, USA
  • St. Louis Area Monitoring Agencies Meeting
  • St. Louis University

May 23, 2018

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Three Synergistic Projects

Green for Good / St. Margaret Mary (SMM) School (PI: Turner)

Quantify pollutant removal by a near-road engineered vegetative buffer (continuation of FHWA/DOT through 08/18)

Green Heart Louisville (PI: Bhatnagar) Assess impact of increasing neighborhood greenspaces on cardiovascular health Louisville Superfund Research Program (PI: Srivastava) Project 4: Characterizing Urban- and Finer-Scale Spatial Variability for Select VOC Superfund Compounds (PI: Turner)

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Green for Good (G4G)/SMM Pilot Study

Objective: Quantify pollutant removal by near-road engineered vegetative buffer Passive sampling: Two-week monitoring (monthly) Simultaneous ultrafine particle (UFP) measurements at multiple sites High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling (Max Zhang group, Cornell U.)

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Engineered vegetative buffer - Installed Fall 2016

Green for Good (G4G)/SMM Pilot Study

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Passive sampling: Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

  • Pilot Study (through Summer 2017)

Periodic, nominally one-week integrated samples

  • Oct. 2017 – Aug. 2017

Two-week integrated samples collected once a month

roadway control buffer

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W i n . ' 1 6 W i n . ' 1 6 S p r . ' 1 7 S p r . ' 1 7 S u m . ' 1 7 S u m . ' 1 7 F a l l ' 1 7 W i n . ' 1 7 W i n . ' 1 7 W i n . ' 1 7 W i n . ' 1 7 W i n . ' 1 7 S p r . ' 1 8

NOx mixing ratio (ppb)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Road Control Buffer

Passive sampling: Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

  • Monotonic decrease: Road > Control > Buffer (8/13)
  • Control > Buffer (11/13)

Green for Good (G4G)/SMM Pilot Study

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Passive sampling: Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Seasonality of reduction

Winter Roadside NOx: 22 ppb Mean: +9% (N = 6) Mean reduction: 1.9 ppb Spring/Summer Roadside NOx: 6 ppb Mean: +23% (N = 4) Mean reduction: 1.5 ppb

  • Similar pattern for NO2

Green for Good (G4G)/SMM Pilot Study

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Passive sampling: Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Implications: Evidence suggests buffer removes oxides of nitrogen

  • NOx – percentage reduction highest in summer

– absolute reduction highest in winter

  • NO2 – reduction < 1 ppb at this site

NOTE

  • Measurements are conducted a few meters behind the buffer
  • Reductions will diminish with increasing distance

Green for Good (G4G)/SMM Pilot Study

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Next:

  • Continue passive sampling through Aug. 2018

– Run-to-run differences

  • Three multi-day high time-resolution sampling

– Simultaneous UFP measurements – Aerodyne Arisense AQ Sensor Systems NOx, CO, total oxidants, CO2, PM (0.4 – 17 microns)

  • CFD modeling of the buffer by Zhang Group (Cornell U.)

– Current: Developing methods to develop leaf area density

Green for Good (G4G)/SMM Pilot Study

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Green Heart Louisville

GREEN HEART PROJECT

University of Louisville The Nature Conservancy Institute for Healthy Air, Water, and Soil City of Louisville (various agencies) Cornell University Hyphae Design Lab US Forest Service Washington University in St. Louis

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Green Heart Louisville

Objective: Examine linkages between vegetation exposure and cardiovascular (CVD) health Mediators include air quality and psychosocial factors

HYPOTHESIS Exposure to neighborhood greenery diminishes CVD risk by decreasing levels of local air pollution

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Specific Aims

1. Evaluate baseline cardiovascular health in neighborhoods with sparse greenspaces 2. Determine how increasing greenspaces affects neighborhood characteristics

Air Quality, Demographics, Hospital admissions/mortality, changes to built environments

3. Assess the impact of increasing neighborhood greenspaces on CVD

INNOVATION: LARGE-SCALE INTERVENTION (GREENING)

Green Heart Louisville

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Health and wellness – Beyond CVD

Recruit 700 individuals from study area

  • Health status
  • Stress levels
  • Social cohesion
  • Disease risk (obesity, diabetes, heart disease)
  • 1. Before intervention: Baseline measurements
  • 2. After intervention: Repeated biennially

Green Heart Louisville

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Overall Monitoring Strategy

Green Heart Louisville

Control before intervention Control after intervention Planted area before intervention Planted area after intervention

space time

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Air Pollutant Measurement Objectives

  • 1. Assess efficacy of vegetation to reduce air pollution
  • Near-road
  • Neighborhood-scale

Green Heart Louisville

  • 2. Exposure estimates to support the health effects studies
  • Measurements to drive and validate land use regression

modeling (LUR) for residential-level pollutant estimates

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Pollutant Spatiotemporal Variability

Green Heart Louisville

Multi-pronged measurement strategy 1. Passive sampling 2. Mobile platform measurements 3. Fixed-site monitoring 4. Residential (indoor) monitoring (~40 homes)

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Passive Sampling

Green Heart Louisville

Two-week integrated sampling at 60 sites (Jason Su, UC Berkeley) Currently: NOx Next: Ozone VOCs Noise (10 sites)

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Mobile Platform and Fixed Site Monitoring

Green Heart Louisville

1. Mobile platform driving circuits across study area 2. Fixed monitoring to measure urban- and larger-scale background:

– Adjust mobile platform data for within-run variability – Quantify temporal variability

Wind speed, direction Temperature Noise UFP NO/NOx O3 CO2 Speciated VOC monitor

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Mobile Platform - Pilot Studies

Green Heart Louisville

1. Series of short-term (2-4 hrs) runs with ultrafine particle (UFP) counter

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Mobile Platform - Pilot Studies

Green Heart Louisville

1. Series of short-term (2-4 hr) runs with ultrafine particle (UFP) counter

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Mobile Platform - Pilot Studies

Green Heart Louisville

1. Series of short-term (2-4 hr) runs with ultrafine particle (UFP) counter 2. Measure throughout study domain with emphasis on UFP gradients near Watterson Expressway 3. Refine measurement plan and inform greening plan

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time, seconds

50 100 150 200 250 300

UFP concentration, #/cm3

10000 20000 30000 40000 1-second data mean from start-of-interval

Continuously drive in near-road conditions Park-and-measure

Green Heart Louisville

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Green Heart Louisville

Ultrafine Particle Near-Road Gradient

distance from near edge of Watterson Expy, meters

200 400 600 800

UFP concentration scaled to background

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Cliff Ave. south of Watterson Expy. Wednesday, 21 February 2018 8:20 - 9:00 AM EST Winds from the N/NW at ~6 mph

A B C D

UFP 5-Minute Park-and-Measure Study (Feb. 21, 2018)

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Louisville Superfund Research Center

Objective: Characterize select VOC Superfund Chemicals across an urban landscape

HYPOTHESIS VOC Superfund Chemicals exhibit high spatial variability in urban, and possibly neighborhood, scales because of differential patterns in emission sources and their zones of influence

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Louisville Superfund Research Program

fatty liver disease cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes

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Project 4 Team

Instrument Development – Brent Williams Group (WashU)

  • Nathan Kreisberg (Aerosol Dynamics, Inc.)

Study Design, Deployment, Data Analysis – Turner Group

  • Russ Barnett, Rick Strehl, Ray Yeager (UofL)
  • Jason Su (UC Berkeley)
  • Steve Hankey (Virginia Tech)

Louisville Superfund Research Program

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Aims

Instrument Development– Brent Williams Group (WashU) Design, construct, and validate a portable field gas chromatograph (GC) suitable for mobile monitoring (5-min resolution) Louisville Superfund Research Program

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Instrument Design

Louisville Superfund Research Program

  • Parallel sample

collection and analysis

  • Continuous monitoring
  • High spatial resolution
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Aims

Instrument Development– Brent Williams Group (WashU) Design, construct, and validate a portable field gas chromatograph (GC) suitable for mobile monitoring (5-min resolution) Study Design, Deployment, Data Analysis – Turner Group 1. Conduct mobile monitoring of select VOC Superfund Chemicals in geographic clusters 2. Construct LUR model to quantify small-area variation in ambient VOC 3. Predict residential level outdoor VOC exposures using LUR Louisville Superfund Research Program

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Greening Strategies

  • Neighborhood scale
  • Near-road (middle scale)

(a) Comparison between the current conditions of vegetation near Wyandotte Park and a hypothetical design case; (b) Preliminary simulation results comparing the effect of vegetation on downwind concentrations of inert gas species and 15 nm particles for the current condition, design case and no-tree case.

Current Design

(a) (b)

Green Heart Louisville