PVMD Delft University of Technology Learning objective 1. Maximum - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sep 29, 2023 633 likes •827 views

Cables Ravi Vasudevan PVMD Delft University of Technology Learning objective 1. Maximum Power Point Tracking 1. Introduction to MPPT 2. Indirect Methods 3. Perturb and Observe 4. Incremental Conductance 5. Cost and Overview 2.

SLIDE 1

PVMD

Delft University of Technology

Cables

Ravi Vasudevan

SLIDE 2

Learning objective

1. Maximum Power Point Tracking

1. Introduction to MPPT 2. Indirect Methods 3. Perturb and Observe 4. Incremental Conductance 5. Cost and Overview

2. Cables 3. Batteries

1. Introduction to Batteries 2. Characteristics of Batteries 3. Charge Controller

SLIDE 3

Components

PV Panels Balance of System (BoS)

Charge Controller Storage

Outputs

Inverter DC/DC Converter Bypass Diodes Cables Mounting Frames Modules

Grid

SLIDE 4

Components

PV Panels Balance of System (BoS) Outputs

Cables

SLIDE 5

Components

There are different types of cables

§ DC cables

Red for the positive cable
Black for the negative cable

SLIDE 6

Components

§ AC cables

Usually thin
Phase (live) wire
Neutral wire
Earth (ground) wire

insulation

There are different types of cables

§ DC cables

Red for the positive cable
Black for the negative cable

SLIDE 7

Components

§ AC cables

Usually thin
Phase (live) wire
Neutral wire
Earth (ground) wire

insulation

There are different types of cables

§ DC cables

Red for the positive cable
Black for the negative cable

EU USA Canada India Pakistan Kenya Phase Brown Black Blue Red Yellow Red Neutral Blue Silver Black Black Earth Green Yellow Green Yellow Green Green Yellow

SLIDE 8

Cable Thickness Calculation

For the DC cables
From the solar panels to the charge controller
From the charge controller to the batteries
From the batteries to the inverter
4, 6, 10, … , 16 mm2
For the DC cables interconnecting the batteries
25, …, 35 mm2
For the AC cables form the inverter to the loads
1.5 – 2.5 mm2

SLIDE 9

Power Loss

As current flows through a wire, some energy is always lost into heat

§ How much? It depends on

Current (more amperes, more energy lost)
Length (longer cable, more energy lost)
Thickness (thinner cable, more energy lost)
Material (Cu conducts better than Al)

SLIDE 10

Power Loss

The amount of power lost in a certain cable can be calculated with the

following formula:

cable cable cable cable

R V R I P

2 2

= =

SLIDE 11

Power Loss

The amount of power lost in a certain cable can be calculated with the

following formula:

Where:

A l A l Rcable s r 1 = =

cable cable cable cable

R V R I P

2 2

= =

SLIDE 12

Power Loss

The amount of power lost in a certain cable can be calculated with the

following formula:

Where:

Resistivity [Ω mm2/m]

A l A l Rcable s r 1 = =

cable cable cable cable

R V R I P

2 2

= =

SLIDE 13

Power Loss

The amount of power lost in a certain cable can be calculated with the

following formula:

Where:

Resistivity [Ω mm2/m]

A l A l Rcable s r 1 = =

cable cable cable cable

R V R I P

2 2

= =

Conductivity [S m/mm2]

SLIDE 14

Power Loss

The amount of power lost in a certain cable can be calculated with the

following formula:

Where:

σAl = 35.5 S m/mm2 σCu = 59.6 S m/mm2 Resistivity [Ω mm2/m]

A l A l Rcable s r 1 = =

cable cable cable cable

R V R I P

2 2

= =

Conductivity [S m/mm2]

SLIDE 15

The amount of power lost in a certain cable can be calculated with the

following formula:

Where:

Power Loss

In general, using shorter and thicker cables reduces the power losses σAl = 35.5 S m/mm2 σCu = 59.6 S m/mm2 Resistivity [Ω mm2/m]

cable cable cable cable

R V R I P

2 2

= =

Conductivity [S m/mm2]

A l A l Rcable s r 1 = =

SLIDE 16

Cable Efficiency

SLIDE 17

Voltage drop in cables

PV Loads +

RCable RCable +

VLoad