Project participant list: Casa Sandisiwe (Republic of South Africa, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Project participant list: Casa Sandisiwe (Republic of South Africa, University of Fort Hare) Khryshchanovich Andrey (Belarus, Minsk, Belarussian State University) Fedirko Julia (Belarus, Minsk, Belarussian State University) Babitski Maxim (Belarus, Minsk, Belarussian State University) Project supervisor: Gustova Marina (JINR, Center of Applied Physics FLNR)

Calibration curve construction for X-Ray q fluorescence analysis. Determination of element distribution in q mushrooms by X-Ray fluorescence analysis and radioactive nuclide the 137 Cs using γ -spectrometry of natural radioactivity. Results comparison of samples from Russia q and Belarus.

Figure 1. Mushrooms Figure 2. Soil

XRF can be used for determination of a wide range of elements, from potassium (19) to uranium (92). Detection limits for the different elements are between 1 and 5 mg/g depending on the matrix and Z of the element

Figure 3. Multielemental analysis of samples carried out on a setting for X-ray fluorescent analysis of FLNR, JINR

Figure 4. Standard ring-shaped radioisotope sources 109 Cd (E = 22,16 keV, T1/2 = 453 days) Figure 5. Si(Li) detector (area 30 mm 2 surface, 3 mm thickness, Be window thickness 25 um, energy resolution (FWHM) – 145 eV at 5.9 keV energy). Figure 6. A pulse-height analyser Figure 7. Spectrum

Figure 8. Spectrum obtained 137 Cs

Table 1. The results of XRF analysis of mushroom samples and soil (russian) Concentration of elements, ppm K Ca Cr Mn Fe Cu Zn Rb Ti Zr Sr ≤ 10 ≤ 2 77000 3008 60 430 6,3 110 130 380 6 Armillaria ± 3000 ± 522 ± 20 ± 50 ± 0,4 ± 20 ± 10 ± 108 ± 2 ≤ 277 ≤ 10 ≤ 80 ≤ 100 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 86000 490 5,3 110 310 Chanterelle ± 3000 ± 40 ± 0,3 ± 10 ± 30 ≤ 522 ≤ 10 12000 260 3800 69 60 64 2500 79 80 Soil ± 3000 ± 80 ± 200 ± 6 ± 20 ± 6 ± 500 ± 7 ± 4 (chanterelle) ≤ 105 ≤ 2 52000 3000 16 270 6,2 160 150 315 8 Russule ± 3000 ± 522 ± 7 ± 50 ± 0,4 ± 20 ± 10 ± 97 ± 1 Slippery Jack ≤ 105 ≤ 100 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 46000 3010 22 300 5,9 160 250 Caps ± 3000 ± 522 ± 10 ± 50 ± 0,4 ± 20 ± 20 ≤ 10 ≤ 80 ≤ 100 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 45000 536 420 6,4 90 160 Stipes ± 3000 ± 204 ± 40 ± 0,4 ± 10 ± 10 ≤ 10 ≤ 80 ≤ 100 48000 733 780 6,2 110 210 10 13 Film ± 3000 ± 197 ± 50 ± 0,4 ± 10 ± 20 ± 1 ± 2 ≤ 10 7602 26000 550 11600 61 110 69 2300 202 100 Top layer of soil ± 1666 ± 522 ± 90 ± 300 ± 5 ± 20 ± 6 ± 500 ± 9 ± 4 ≤ 10 19000 22000 600 14000 69 100 82 3900 240 130 Low layer of ± 3000 ± 522 ± 100 ± 200 ± 6 ± 20 ± 7 ± 600 ± 7 ± 5 soil − 3000 3000 0,2 750 50 10 10 100 1000 300 Maximum permissible concentration for plants

Table 1. The results of XRF analysis of mushroom samples and soil (byelorussian) Concentration of elements, ppm K Ca Cr Mn Fe Cu Zn Rb Ti Zr Sr Slippery Jack ≤ 80 ≤ 1 122720 24540 2340 4435 898 989 6400 18 21 Mushroom ± 3000 ± 750 ± 150 ± 350 ± 40 ± 40 ± 785 ± 2 ± 2 ≤ 10 ≤ 80 17000 7000 6200 41 90 72 4100 258 84 Top layer of soil ± 3000 ± 950 ± 100 ± 2 ± 10 ± 5 ± 300 ± 5 ± 3 ≤ 10 9000 7000 400 3600 12 70 46 2200 188 45 Low layer of ± 2000 ± 1100 ± 80 ± 100 ± 1 ± 20 ± 4 ± 200 ± 4 ± 3 soil Russule ≤ 100 ≤ 1 ≤ 100 118616 18517 3293 3600 1525 281 21 26 Mushroom ± 3000 ± 522 ± 110 ± 120 ± 85 ± 20 ± 2 ± 3 ≤ 10 12000 8000 800 9000 9 100 65 2300 281 82 Top layer of soil ± 600 ± 400 ± 40 ± 200 ± 1 ± 20 ± 5 ± 115 ± 5 ± 4 ≤ 10 15000 9000 900 5600 10 100 58 4600 330 56 Low layer of ± 3000 ± 450 ± 100 ± 100 ± 1 ± 20 ± 5 ± 300 ± 6 ± 3 soil − 3000 3000 0,2 750 50 10 10 100 1000 300 Maximum permissible concentration for plants

Table 1. The results of XRF analysis of mushroom samples (byelorussian) Concentration of elements, ppm K Ca Cr Mn Fe Cu Zn Rb Ti Zr Sr Bolete ≤ 80 ≤ 1 ≤ 100 ≤ 2 105565 9835 4350 3857 1278 677 23 Caps ± 3000 ± 1500 ± 700 ± 40 ± 100 ± 30 ± 2 ≤ 80 ≤ 1 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 73693 16774 3160 3540 619 436 6820 Stipes ± 3000 ± 1500 ± 200 ± 200 ± 35 ± 20 ± 1000 Birch Bolett ≤ 1 ≤ 2 123452 17534 2724 1349 2983 1295 453 4983 24 Caps ± 3000 ± 1500 ± 300 ± 80 ± 250 ± 100 ± 20 ± 210 ± 2 ≤ 80 ≤ 2 59864 17853 3588 2964 10 651 250 6748 36 Stipes ± 3000 ± 1500 ± 300 ± 300 ± 1 ± 50 ± 15 ± 300 ± 3 − 3000 3000 0,2 750 50 10 10 100 1000 300 Maximum permissible concentration for plants

Table 2. Results of natural and artificial radioactivity (russian samples) Activity, Bq/kg Slippery Jack Radionuclide T 1/2 , years Soil Armillaria Chanterelle Russule Slippery Е γ , KeV (chanterelle) Top Jack Low layer Caps Stipes Film layer of of soil soil 137 Cs 30,17 305,45 7,34 21,48 51,65 106,25 122,80 48,70 147,26 7,97 7,85 661 Maximum permissible 500 concentration

Activity 400 305,45 300 200 100 106,25 7,34 51,65 0 Armillaria Chanterelle Russule Activity, Bq/ kg Slippery Jack

Distribution of activity 147,26 150 122,8 100 48,7 50 0 Caps Stipes Activity, Bq/ kg Film

Table 2. Results of natural and artificial radioactivity (byelorussian samples) Activity, Bq/kg Russule Slippery Jack Radionuclide T 1/2 , years Bolete Birch Bolett Е γ , KeV Mushroom Soil Mushroom Soil 137 Cs 30,17 63,41 30,02 1930,04 88,29 878,05 164,95 661 Maximum permissible 500 concentration

Activity 1930,04 2000 1500 878,05 1000 63,41 500 164,95 0 Russule Slippery Jack Bolete Birch Bolett Activity, Bq/ kg

Results comparison of samples from Russia and Belarus Activity 1930,04 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 63,41 800 600 51,65 400 106,25 200 0 Russia Russule Slippery Jack Belarus

Table 3. The results of XRF analysis of boiled mushrooms Concentration of elements, ppm K Ca Cr Mn Fe Cu Zn Rb Ti Zr Sr 46000 22 300 5,9 160 250 Caps ≤ 3010 ≤ 105 ≤ 100 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ± 3000 ± 10 ± 50 ± 0,4 ± 20 ± 20 Caps (boiled) 15000 20 294 5,8 157 72 ≤ 2985 ≤ 97 ≤ 100 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ± 2000 ± 10 ± 60 ± 0,4 ± 20 ± 6 45000 536 420 6,4 90 160 Stipes ≤ 10 ≤ 100 ≤ 100 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ± 3000 ± 204 ± 40 ± 0,4 ± 10 ± 10 Stipes (boiled) ≤ 100 8000 525 405 6,2 88 45 ≤ 10 ≤ 100 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ± 1000 ± 204 ± 50 ± 0,5 ± 20 ± 4 Maximum permissible − 3000 3000 0,2 750 50 10 10 100 1000 300 concentration for plants

Table 4. Results of natural and artificial radioactivity Radionuclide Activity, Bq/kg T 1/2 , years Е γ , KeV Caps Caps (boiled) Stipes Stipes (boiled) 137 Cs 30,17 122,80 45,24 48,70 14,53 661 122,8 Activity after boiling, 140 Bq/ kg 120 Activity, Bq/ kg 100 48,7 80 45,24 60 40 14,53 20 0 Caps Stipes

K, Ca, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ti, Rb, Zr, Sr were determined q in the samples. The contents of Cu, Mn, Ti, Zr, Sr in various species of q mushrooms are in limits MPC, whereas in byelorussian samples Ti exceed maximum permissible concentration Byelorussian mushrooms contain K, Zn, Rb, as russian q mashrums, and also Cr much more than soil. Mushrooms except chanterelle concentrate 137 Cs in great q amount. The concentration of 137 Cs in byelorussian samples is q much more than in russian samples. The contents of K, Rb and 137 Cs has decreased significantly q after the boiling.