Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area N Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks ( etworks (WPANs WPANs) )

Submission Title: [Samsung Electronics (SAIT) CFP Presentation] Date Submitted: [January, 2005] Source: [(1) Chia-Chin Chong, Su Khiong Yong, Young-Hwan Kim, Jae-Hyon Kim, Seong-Soo Lee (2) A. S. Dmitriev, A. I. Panas, S. O. Starkov, Yu. V. Andreyev, E. V. Efremova, L. V. Kuzmin (3) Haksun Kim, Jaesang Cha] Company: [(1) Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)) (2) Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE) (3) Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.] Address: [(1) RF Technology Group, Comm. & Networking Lab., P. O. Box 111, Suwon 440-600, Korea. (2) Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Mokhovaya Street, Moscow 103907, Russia Federation. (3) 314, Maetan-3Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea 443-743] Voice: [+82-31-280-6865], FAX: [+82-31-280-9555], E-Mail: [chiachin.chong@samsung.com] Re: [Response to IEEE 802.15.4a Call for Proposals (04/380r2)] Abstract: [Proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4a PHY standard based on the UWB direct chaotic communications technology.] Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4a PHY standard.] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 2

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Samsung Electronics (SAIT) CFP Presentation for IEEE 802.15.4a Alternative PHY

Presented by:

Chia-Chin Chong Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Korea

UWB Direct Chaotic Communication System

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 3

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 4

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Characteristics of Chaotic Signal (1)

• Simple circuits

– Chaotic signal can be generated directly into the desired microwave band by a chaotic generator

• Low cost implementation

– The simple circuit leads to low cost product

• Multipath resistance

– Wideband signal is very immune against multipath fading

• Good spectral properties

– Non-periodic with a flat (or tailored) spectrum

• Flexibility

– Chaotic radio pulse with different time duration can have the same bandwidth

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 5

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Characteristics of Chaotic Signal (2)

Time, ns Amplitude Time, ns Time, ns Amplitude

Frequency, GHz PSD, dB Frequency, GHz Frequency, GHz PSD, dB

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 6

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Characteristics of Chaotic Signal (3)

f S(f) ∆f T 3T t t

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 7

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Direct Chaotic Communication (DCC)

• Chaotic source generates oscillations directly

in a specified microwave band.

• Information component is put into the chaotic

carrier using a stream chaotic radio pulses.

• Information is retrieved from the chaotic radio

pulses without intermediate heterodyning.

• Most simple non-coherent receiver is used.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 8

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Direct Chaos Generator Binary Information

Frequency Spectrum Time Signal

Chaotic Radio Pulse

Direct Chaotic Signal Generation

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 9

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Oscillator circuit Experiment device

Chaotic Generator Model

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 10

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Mathematical Model

• System of 1st and 2nd order differential equations

with 4.5 degrees of freedom

4 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 1 1

) ( x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x mF x x T

• α

= ω + α + α = ω + α + α = ω + α + ω = ω + α + = +

System Equations Runge-Kutta Method

y(1) = (m*Fx5 - X1)/T; y(2) = W1*W1*(X1- X3); y(3) = X2 - A1*X3; y(4) = A2*y3-W2*W2*X5; y(5) = X4 - A2*X5; y(6) = A3*y(5)-W3*W3*X7; y(7) = X6 - A3*X7; y(8) = A4*y(7)-W4*W4*X9; y(9) = X8 - A4*X9;

⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ + − − + − − + = 2 ) (

2 2 1 1

e z e z e z e z M z F

Nonlinearity

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 11

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 12

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

3 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Freq, GHz Power Spectrum, dBm/MHz FCC Spectrum Mask for UWB

5 GHz WLAN 2.4 GHz WLAN, Bluetooth

• 41.3

25

GPS 0.96-1.61

Frequency Band Plan (1)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 13

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Frequency Band Plan (2)

• Operating Frequency: 3.1–5.1 GHz
• Why Lower Band?

– Limitation in the technical capabilities of integrated circuit implementation at higher frequency. – Limit of low cost ICs beyond 6 GHz. – Prevent interference with 5 GHz WLAN band. – Use as much bandwidth as possible to maximize the emitted power and follows FCC rules i.e. >500MHz.

• Can be easily change to use higher band if

necessary or when cheap technologies available in the future.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 14

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

3 4 5 Freq, GHz 3 4 5 Freq, GHz

Subband fc, GHz fL, GHz fR, GHz 1 3,35 3,1 3,6 2 3,85 3,6 4,1 3 4,35 4,1 4,6 4 4,85 4,6 5,1

• 500 MHz bandwidth at –10 dB
• Spaced 500 MHz away

4 sub-bands for 4 simultaneously

• perating piconets (SOPs)

Frequency Band Plan (3)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 15

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

FCC UWB Emission Mask

Frequency, GHz UWB EIRP Emission Level in dBm

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 16

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Modulation Schemes

• Various modulation schemes can be

deployed:

– On-off-keying (OOK) – Differential-chaos-shift-keying (DCSK) – Pulse-position modulation (PPM)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 17

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Why OOK ?

• Advantages:

– It has less complexity – It has 3 dB more energy efficiency than DCSK → battery saving

• Disadvantages:

– It requires non-zero threshold

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 18

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

5 10 15 20 25 30 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 Power distribution at 10 m Power 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 Power distribution at 20 m Power 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 Power distributions at 30 m Power

Threshold Estimation

Once set, threshold is constant!

Constant threshold

“0” “0” “0” “1” “1” “1”

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 19

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

DCC-OOK Transmitter & Receiver

Direct Chaos Generator …1001011

Receiver Transmitter

Threshold decision

(…)2

Envelope detector

Multipath Channel

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 20

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

DCC-OOK Transceiver Architecture (1)

• Very simple modulation scheme: on-off power supply is used for

modulation

• Additional power saving

Baseband Processor MAC

SRAM TX RF Part ADC

1 7

;

2 6

;

1 2 3 7 5 5 4 3 4 6

RX RF Part

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 21

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

DCC-OOK Transceiver Architecture (2)

Transmitter RF Part Receiver RF Part

Chaotic Oscillator Piconet Filter Power Amplifier To switch Envelope Detector Piconet Filter LNA From switch

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 22

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

2 4 6 8 10

• 60
• 50
• 40
• 30
• 20
• 10

Frequency [GHz] Normalized Power Spectral Density

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 x 10

• 6
• 5
• 4
• 3
• 2
• 1

1 2 3 4

Time (s) Amplitude

Signal Waveforms and Spectrum

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

• 1.5
• 1
• 0.5

0.5 1 1.5

Time, t [ns] Amplitude 5 10 15

• 60
• 50
• 40
• 30
• 20
• 10

Frequency [GHz] Normalized Power Spectral Density

Signal of chaotic generator OOK modulated signal

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 23

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Data Frame Structure

PPDU

Octets:

PHY Layer Preamble Sequence 4 1 Frame Length SFD 1 SHR PHR PSDU MPDU

32

Frame Control Address Field Data Payload FCS

Octets:

2 1 4-20 2 MAC Sublayer n MHR MSDU MFR

38 Octets:

MHR : MAC Header MFR : MAC Footer SHR : Synchronization Header PHR : PHY Header Seq. No.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 24

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Payload Bit Rate (1)

Preamble SFD PHR PSDU

4 + 1 + 1 Bytes 32 Bytes 1 0 bits Ts Tm Ts = 100 ns : Pulse emission time Tm = 400 ns : Pulse bin width or Bit period ∴ Duty cycle, D = 1/4 Tm

PPDU (38 Bytes)

Nominal PHY-SAP payload bit rate, X0 = (1/400ns)×(1000/1024) = 2.44Mbps Ts

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 25

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Data Throughput (1)

Data Frame 1 (38 bytes) Data Frame 2 (38 bytes) ACK (11 bytes) t ACK

LIFS

Time for acknowledged transmission, tpacket

tpacket = tdata-frame + t ACK + t ACK-frame + LIFS = (38×8×400ns) + (32×400ns) + (11×8×400ns) + (40×400ns) = 121.6µs + 12.8µs + 35.2µs + 16µs = 185.6µs

t data-frame t ACK-frame

Nominal Data Throughput, T0 = (32×8/185.6µs)×(1000/1024) = 1.35Mbps

…

Packet 1 40 bits 32 bits

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 26

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Payload Bit Rate (2)

Preamble SFD PHR PSDU

4 + 1 + 1 Bytes 32 Bytes 1 0 bits Ts Tm Ts = 100 ns : Pulse emission time Tm = 600 ns : Pulse bin width or Bit period ∴ Duty cycle, D = 1/6 Tm Ts

PPDU (38 Bytes)

Optional PHY-SAP payload bit rate, Xi = (1/600ns)×(1000/1024) = 1.63Mbps

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 27

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Data Throughput (2)

Data Frame 1 (38 bytes) Data Frame 2 (38 bytes) ACK (11 bytes) t ACK

LIFS

Time for acknowledged transmission, tpacket

tpacket = tdata-frame + t ACK + t ACK-frame + LIFS = (38×8×600ns) + (32×600ns) + (11×8×600ns) + (40×600ns) = 182.4µs + 19.2µs + 52.8µs + 24µs = 278.4µs

t data-frame t ACK-frame

Optional Data Throughput, Ti = (32×8/278.4µs)×(1000/1024) = 898kbps

…

Packet 1 40 bits 32 bits

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 28

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Example of Operation at 1 kbps (1)

• There are 2 methods of operation in order to

achieve 1 kbps data rate:

• 1. The device transmits several packets in

succession, so that the overall data volume is 1kbit i.e. 1024 bits, then falls silent till the beginning of the next second.

• 2. The device transmits one packet of data at a time

with long pauses between the packets, so that total data volume over 1 second is 1kbit. In the beginning of the next second the device wakes up and transmits another 1kbit portion of data.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 29

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Example of Operation at 1 kbps (2)

tpacket

Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 Packet 4 1024 bits in 1 second

tidle-1kbps

• To achieve effective data rates of 1 kbps using 32-bytes PSDU, 4 packets need to be

transmitted in 1 second.

• The idle time for the above system is tidle-1kbps ≈ 250 ms.

tidle-1kbps tidle-1kbps tidle-1kbps

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 30

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Data Rates and Range

System supports data rates:

• 1 kbps
• 10 kbps
• 1 Mbps
• 40 kbps (optional)
• 160 kbps (optional)
• Aggregated bit rate up to 5 Mbps

System supports ranges:

• Range from 0 to 30 m (typical)
• Range up to 100 m (max 10 kbps data rate)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 31

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 32

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

System Simulation Parameters

• Modulation: OOK
• Bandwidth: 0.5GHz & 2GHz
• Pulse bin width, Tm: 400ns
• Pulse emission time, Ts: 100ns
• PSDU length: 32 bytes

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 33

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

AWGN Performance: BER vs. Eb/N0

10 12 14 16 18 20 10

• 6

10

• 4

10

• 2

10 Eb/N0, [dB] BER OOK Modulation Scheme B=0.5 GHz, uncoded B=2 GHz, uncoded B=0.5 GHz, Hamming (7,4) B=2 GHz, Hamming (7,4)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 34

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

AWGN Performance: PER vs. Eb/N0

10 12 14 16 18 20 10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 Eb/N0, [dB] PER OOK Modulation Scheme B=0.5 GHz, uncoded B=2 GHz, uncoded B=0.5 GHz, Hamming (7,4) B=2 GHz, Hamming (7,4)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 35

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance: BER vs. Eb/N0 (1)

5 10 15 20 25 10

• 8

10

• 6

10

• 4

10

• 2

10 Eb/N0, dB BER 2 GHz Bandwidth AWGN Residential LOS (CM1) Open outdoor LOS (CM5) Industrial NLOS (CM8)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 36

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance: BER vs. Eb/N0 (2)

5 10 15 20 25 10

• 8

10

• 6

10

• 4

10

• 2

10 Eb/N0, dB BER 0.5 GHz Bandwidth AWGN Residential LOS (CM1) Open outdoor LOS (CM5) Industrial NLOS (CM8)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 37

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance: PER vs. Eb/N0 (1)

5 10 15 20 25 10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 Eb/N0 PER 2 GHz Bandwidth AWGN Residential LOS (CM1) Open outdoor LOS (CM5) Industrial NLOS (CM8)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 38

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance: PER vs. Eb/N0 (2)

5 10 15 20 25 10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 Eb/N0 PER 0.5 GHz Bandwidth AWGN Residential LOS (CM1) Open outdoor LOS (CM5) Industrial NLOS (CM8)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 39

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 40

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP

• Three methods to achieve SOP:

1. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM)

• Four independent frequency channels of 500 MHz bandwidth.
• This gives simultaneously operating of four piconets.

2. Code division multiplexing (CDM)

• Deployed a class of unipolar codes (0,1) having ZCD/LCD

property → maintain orthogonality among piconets.

• Four set of codes can support four simultaneously operating

piconets.

3. Frequency-code division multiplexing (FCDM)

• Two independent frequency channels with 1 GHz bandwidth

each and within each frequency channel, a set of codes is used similar to CDM technique.

• A lower set of codes require to support four simultaneously
• perating piconets.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 41

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

3 4 5 Freq, GHz 3 4 5 Freq, GHz

Subband fc, GHz fL, GHz fR, GHz 1 3,35 3,1 3,6 2 3,85 3,6 4,1 3 4,35 4,1 4,6 4 4,85 4,6 5,1

• 500 MHz bandwidth at –10 dB
• Spaced 500 MHz away

4 sub-bands for 4 simultaneously

• perating piconets (SOPs)

SOP: FDM

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 42

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP: CDM (1)

t Unipolar Code4

Tx1(Desired user) Rx1

Spreading

t

Chaotic Source OOK Modulation

Radio Channel

LNA BPF Matched Filter

Recovered DATA

Detection t Tx1 Tx4 0 1 0 0 1 1 0t

Unipolar DATA

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 t

Unipolar DATA

Spreading

t

Chaotic Source OOK Modulation

Code1:Piconet1 Code2:piconet2 Code3:piconet3 Code4:piconet4 CDM t 1 Unipolar Code1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0t

Envelope Detector

Baseband

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 43

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP: CDM (2)

Baseband Implementation in LABVIEW

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 44

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP: CDM (3)

Chaotic Source Generator in LABVIEW

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 45

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

3 4 5 Freq, GHz

• 1 GHz bandwidth for each sub-band.

2 sub-bands and a set of PN code for each sub-bands => 4 simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs)

SOP: FCDM

Chaotic Source

Subband fc, GHz fL, GHz fR, GHz 1 3.6 3.1 4.1 2 4.6 4.1 5.1

3 4 5 Freq, GHz 3 4 5 Freq, GHz

A Set of PN Code

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 46

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 47

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Ranging Scheme (1)

• Ranging circuit contains 2 low frequency

generators with slightly different frequency to generate probing pulses, f0 (2.500 MHz) & reference pulses, f1=f0+∆f (2.5125 MHz).

• Circuit also contains 3 counters that count the
• no. of reference pulses, N3, no. of delayed

pulses from the channel, N1 and no. of

• verlapping pulses, N2.
• Range is determined from the reading of the

3 counters.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 48

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Ranging Scheme (2)

yes yes yes no start both pulse sources & counter N3 no 1st delayed pulse? start counter N1 1st overlap match? stop N1 & N3, start N2 last overlap match? no stop N2, calculate TTOA

• Counter N1 counts delayed pulses
• Counter N2 counts overlaps between

delayed pulses (f0=2.5000 MHz) and reference pulses (f1=2.5125 MHz)

• Counter N3 counts reference pulses

2.5125 MHz Pulse source 2.5000 MHz Pulse source N3 N1 Overlap detector N2 delay

Digital Block

20 MHz Clock source

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 49

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Overlapping of Delayed & Reference Pulses

Delayed pulse Reference pulse Overlapped pulse

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 50

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Ranging Scheme (3)

t0 t1 t2 t3 С1 С2 С3 TTOA N1 N2 N3 TTOA= (N3+0.5∗N2)/f1 – (N1+0.5∗N2)/f0 Distance: S = 0.5*c*(TTOA-τ0) N1, N2, N3 – Number of pulses τ0 – retranslation time Operation time of counters C1, C2, C3.

t* *

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 51

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 52

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Power Consumption (1)

Tx Rx CU Transceiver

Pe is emitted power, η is efficiency, ηbest is the best of all possible efficiencies, Pin is instantaneous emission power, Te is time of emission for given transmission rate, Tbit is duration of one bit, R is transmission rate, Cb is battery capacity, Ub is battery voltage, D is duty cycle.

Operation time Toper

Control Unit

Toper = Cb · Ub / Pav Pav = PTx + PRx + PCU PTx = Pe / η PRx = Pe / ηbest Pe = Pin · Te = 1/2 · D · Pin · Tbit · R Average power consumption Pav

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 53

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

16.4 0.1% duty cycle 8 mW 2·10-1 1000 15 10% duty cycle 87.5 µW 2·10-3 10 8.3 100% duty cycle 15.5 µW 2·10-4 1

Lifetime of the AAA battery, years Average Power Consumption Pav (η = 5%) Average Emitted Power Pe, mW Transmission Rate R, kbps PCU = 7.5 µW ; Ub = 1.5 V ; Cb = 750 mAh;

Example:

Pin = 4 mW ; ηbest = 5%;

R = 1 kbps; Tbit = 400 ns; η = 5%

Pe = 1/2 · D · Pin · Tbit · R = 0.2 µW Pav = PTx + PRx + PCU = Pe /η + Pe /ηbest + PCU = 15.5 µW

Power Consumption (2)

D = 1/4

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 54

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Power Management Modes

Wake Up Radio

Main Transceiver / Receiver Detector Power

Wake Up Structure

Wake Up Signal

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 55

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 56

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Link Budget & Sensitivity

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 57

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 58

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission Chaotic Generator Piconet Filter Modulator (OOK) Power Amplifier information Antenna Switch Low Noise Amplifier Piconet Filter Detector ( ⋅ )2 Low Pass filter Recover Information Probing Generator 2.5000 MHz Reference Generator 2.5125 MHz Counter 3 Counter 1 Counter 2 DSP Block

Baseband (Digital)

Ranging Architecture

Range

RF

PHY MAC

Transceiver Architecture

Wake up Sleep

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 59

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Unit Manufacturing Cost & Complexity (1)

• RF part of the transceiver:

– Chaos oscillator in 3.1-5.1 GHz frequency band with 10 dBm output power amplifier (common complexity is equivalent to 4 power amplifiers) – Switch-modulator – LNA (amplification 30-35 dB) – Tunable filter with bandwidth 500 MHz (in band 3.1-5.1 GHz) – Envelope detector – Antennas – No: mixers, correlators, RF VCO

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 60

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Unit Manufacturing Cost & Complexity (2)

• Baseband part of the transceiver:

– Reference oscillator – 40 MHz – Bandpass amplifiers – Threshold detector or 4 bit A/D converter – Frequency Synthesizer on 2.5125 MHz (for ranging) – Digital part with ~ 10K gates

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 61

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Size & Form Factor

PHY–level (0.13µm CMOS technology)

• RF part of transceiver

< 0.3 mm2

• Analog part of transceiver PHY–level baseband

< 0.2 mm2

• Digital part of transceiver PHY–level baseband

< 0.3 mm2 ____________________________________________________

• Common layout square for PHY-level < 1.0 mm2
• Antenna: 2.0 x 2.0 cm2

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 62

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Technical Feasibility (1)

UWB DCC-OOK Test-bed

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 63

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Technical Feasibility (2)

DCC-OOK Experiment: 3.1-5.1 GHz

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 64

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Technical Feasibility (3)

Transmitter consists of:

• chaos generator
• modulator
• antenna

Frequency band - 3.1-5.1 GHz

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 65

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 66

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Scaling Parameters

• Scalability is the tradeoff between

– Bit rate – Power consumption – Range – Complexity/Cost

• PHY mechanisms used

– Transmit power control – Dynamic frequency selection

• Invoked if link quality falls below some threshold
• Example applications:

– Home usage/smart home (1kbps - 20 to 30m) – Communication and networking (1kbps - 20 to 30m) – etc.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 67

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

What can be scaled?

• Power consumption:

– Bandwidth used – Data rate, duty cycle and distance of operation – Packet transmission followed by sleep mode

• Data rate:

– Scalable from 1 kbps to 1 Mbps

• Range:

– Scalable with coding, lower bit duration (up to the optimum value) and power consumption.

• Complexity:

– Lower complexity is possible with trade-off of reduced system performance – Scale with future CMOS process improvements e.g. use upper frequency band

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 68

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 69

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Self-Evaluation

+ A 5.11 Power Consumption + A 5.10 Power Management & Modes + A 5.9 Sensitivity + A 5.8 Link Budget + A 5.7 Ranging + A 5.6 System Performance + A 5.4 Simultaneous Operating Piconets + A 5.3.1 PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate and Data Throughput + A 5.2 Size and Form Factor + A 3.5 Scalability + A 3.4 Technical Feasibility + A 3.1 Unit Manufacturing Complexity Proposer Response Importance Level Ref. Criteria

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 70

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal
• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)
• PHY Layer Proposal
• System Performance
• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Scalability
• Self-Evaluation
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 71

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Conclusions

• Chaotic communications meet the low power,

low cost & low complexity requirements → best suited for 15.4a applications.

• Proposed DCC-OOK compliant with FCC

UWB PSD regulation.

• Feasibility and scalability are guaranteed with

precision ranging and SOP capabilities.

• The implemented test bed demonstrated that

the feasibility of DCC technology.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 72

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

DCSK: Compatible Modulation Scheme for Direct Chaotic Communication

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 73

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline

• General Overview
• Characteristics of DCSK
• Principle of Differential Chaotic Shift Keying

(DCSK) Modulation

• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)
• Ranging Technique
• Scalability
• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Link Budget & Sensitivity
• Conclusion

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 74

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

General Overview

• Direct chaotic signal can be applied to

the Differential Chaos Shift Keying (DCSK) modulation scheme as an alternative to OOK DCC

• The Chaotic properties are maintained

as in the case of the OOK

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 75

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Characteristics of DCSK

• Direct Chaotic Shift Keying (DCSK)

– same data rate as in the proposed OOK – Constant decision threshold in the receiver – SOP can be achieved by transmitting different chaotic pulse length

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 76

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Principle of DCSK Modulation(1)

• DCSK transmits a reference chaotic

pulse and an information data pulse depending on whether information bit 1 (same ref. chaotic pulse) or 0 (inverted

• f the chaotic pulse) is being

transmitted

• The information signal can be recovered

by a correlator.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 77

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Principle of DCSK Modulation (2)

Transmitter Receiver

Chaotic Generator Delay T/2

• 1

Data Bit Stream Delay T/2 Integrator T/2 T T/2 Threshold

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 10

• 5

10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 Eb/No BER OOK DCSK 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 10

• 5

10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 Eb/No BER OOK Vs DCSK

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 78

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP (1)

• In DCSK SOP can be done using

Chaotic Length Division Multiple Access (LDMA).

• LDMA works based on the exploitation
• f different chaotic length assigned to

each piconets.

• LDMA is based on the spectral and

correlation property of chaotic signal.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 79

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP (2)

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

• 5

5 Piconet1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

• 5

5 Piconet2 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

• 5

5 Piconet3 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

• 5

5 Piconet4 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

• 10

10 All

Pic one t 1 Pic one t 1 Pic one t 1 Use r Pic one t 1 Use r De te c tion De te c tion Pic one t 2 Pic one t 2 Pic one t 3 Pic one t 3 Pic one t 4 Pic one t 4

• 20
• 18
• 16
• 14
• 12
• 10
• 8
• 6
• 4
• 2

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 S /N BER 4 Us ers 8M bps 5M bps

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 80

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

D D T x T x

• 1

1

D D Rx Rx d d

Σ Σ

• r
• r

Da ta Bit Stre a m Da ta Bit Stre a m D = Constant, d = Variable D = Constant, d = Variable

Cha otic Cha otic Sourc e Sourc e

Variable Delay d

Chaotic DCSK Correlation Property

SOP (3)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 81

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Ranging Technique

• Ranging technique used is the same as

OOK proposal.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 82

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Scalability (1)

• Scalability can be achieved using

– Chaotic gain – Varying bit duration – Duty cycle – Repeated transmission of information bearing chip.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 83

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Chaotic Gain in DCSK

• 20
• 19
• 18
• 17
• 16
• 15
• 14
• 13
• 12
• 11
• 10

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 S/N BER Gain 5Mbps 4Mbps 2Mbps

• 5

• 5

• 5

Bit = 1 200 nsec 250 nsec 500 nsec 5 Mbps 4 Mbps 1 Mbps 1

Scalability (2)

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 84

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Scalability (3)

10 10

1

10

2

10

3

10

4

10

• 5

10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 Processing Gain Error Probability 5Mbps, 12dB 1Mbps,10dB 5Mbps, 10dB 1Mbps, 12dB

T T T

Duty Cycle Repeated transmission Bit duration

Scalability: varying bit duration

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 85

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility

• Complexity and cost will be slightly

higher compare to the OOK chaotic system proposed

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 86

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Link Budget & Sensitivity

0.5 0.5 Code rate 20 2 Raw bit rate, kbps 44.5 44.5 Path loss at 1 m (L1), dB

• 109
• 119

Rx sensitivity level, dB 11.5 11.5 Link Margin at 30 m (M=PR-PN-S-I), dB 4 4 Implementation loss (I), dB 14 14 Minimum Eb/No (S), dB

• 127
• 137

Total average noise power per bit (PN=N+NF), dBm 7.0 7.0 Rx noise figure referred to the antenna terminal (NF), dB

• 134.0
• 144.0

Average noise power per bit (N=-174+10*log10(Rb)), dBm

• 97.5
• 107.5

Rx Power at 30 m (PR=PT+GT+GR-L1-L2), dBm

• 3
• 3

Rx antenna gain (GR), dB Tx antenna gain (GT), dB 30 30 Path loss at 30 m (L2), dB 3.35 3.35 Geometric central frequency Fc, GHz

• 20
• 30

Average Tx Power (PT), dBm

• 30
• 40

Duty cyrcle, dB 10 1 Throughput (Rb), Kbps Value Value Parameter

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 87

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Conclusion

• Chaotic communication based on DCSK

modulation is an alternative solution.

• SOP and ranging can also be solved

using DCSK.

• Hardware complexity is slightly higher

than OOK since most hardware from OOK is retained.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 88

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Backup Slides

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 89

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Tolerance of Components (1)

• Tolerance of the components of the

chaotic oscillator with insignificant changes of spectral properties are from 5%-20% for different components.

• However, it is possible to develop a

chaotic oscillator with better tolerance of components.

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 90

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Tolerance of Components (2)

• Capacitor, C1 and inductance, L → 20%

tolerance.

• C2 and resistors, RE and R1 → 5%

tolerance.

E C Vampin Vampout Vout R R12 R=50 Ohm v a_hp_MGA-66100_19930601 Amp1 C C20 C=100 pF DA_LCBandpassDT1_colp_collector_amp_f lt DA_LCBandpassDT1 Rl=50 Ohm Rg=50 Ohm ResponseTy pe=Elliptic N=4 As=40 dB Ap=3 dB Fs2=6 GHz Fp2=5.1 GHz Fp1=3.1 GHz Fs1=2 GHz DT C C16 C=C2 R RE1 R=RE V_DC SRC2 Vdc=VE V_DC SRC1 Vdc=VC R RL1 R=RL L L10 L=L BFP620 X3 C C17 C=C1

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 91

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Summary of Features

Up to 5 Mbps Aggregated bit rate 2.5 year 0.1% duty cycle 2.5 year 10% duty cycle 2.5 year 100% duty cycle Battery life

• 20 dBm
• 20 dBm
• 30 dBm

Transmit power 100 Kbps 10 Kbps 1 Kbps Individual bit rate 400 ns Pulse duration 2.0 GHz band or 4 channels with 500 MHz in each in the 2 GHz band Channel bandwidth 3 bands within FCC Mask (3.1-5.1, 6.1-8.1 and 8.2-10.2 GHz) Band division Chaotic radio pulses Information carrier

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT) Slide 92

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Tiny Chaos Transmitter for Wireless Communications

Transmitter consists of:

• chaos generator
• modulator
• antenna

Frequency band - 2-4 GHz Radiating power - 3-4 mw