Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area N Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks ( etworks (WPANs WPANs) )

Submission Title: [France Telecom - IHP Joint Physical Layer Proposal for IEEE 802.15 Task Group 3c] Date Submitted: [7 May 2007] Source: [ Pascal Pagani1, Maxim Piz2, Isabelle Siaud1, Eckhard Grass2, Wei Li1, Klaus Tittelbach-Helmrich2 , Anne-Marie Ulmer-Moll1, Frank Herzel2] Company [1 France Telecom, 2 IHP] Address [see contributors list.] Voice: [], Fax: [], E-Mail: [] Re: [] Abstract: [Proposition of a high data rate wireless system in the 60 GHz range, providing data rates ranging from 335 Mbps to 3 Gbps.] Purpose: [] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 2

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Contributors List

France Telecom Pascal Pagani (presenter) pascal.pagani@orange-ftgroup.com 4, rue du Clos Courtel, 35510 Cesson-Sévigné, France Voice: +33 299 12 48 72 Isabelle Siaud isabelle.siaud@orange-ftgroup.com Wei Li wei3.li@orange-ftgroup.com Anne-Marie Ulmer-Moll annemarie.ulmermoll@orange-ftgroup.com IHP Eckhard Grass (presenter) grass@ihp-microelectronics.com Im Technologiepark 25, Frankfurt (Oder) D-15236, Germany Voice: +49 335 5625 731 Maxim Piz piz@ihp-microelectronics.com Klaus Tittelbach tittelbach@ihp-microelectronics.com Frank Herzel herzel@ihp-microelectronics.com

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 3

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Overview

• Proposal for high data rate, 60 GHz PHY layer for

802.15.3 MAC

• Main features

– Data rates from 335 Mbps to 3 Gbps for applications such as video streaming, file transfer, home network distribution or in-vehicle media supply – Efficient channelization adapted to worldwide regulation – OFDM based system providing high spectrum efficiency – Scalable parameters for increased robustness – Low power and cost-effective implementation

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 4

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Applications and Frequency Band Plan

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 5

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Applications

• Uncompressed video streaming (UM1)
• Kiosk file downloading (UM5)
• High data rate WPAN distribution

– Multiple user high data rate networking – Home or office video streaming – Express file transfer

LiveBox home gateway

AP UWB AP 60 GHz 60 GHz Shadow

• Media supply in trains,

busses and aircraft

– Possibly use of secondary system (e.g. UWB) for 100% coverage

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 6

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Applications

• Environments

– Indoor environments (Residential / Office / Library) – Hot spots – Confined environments (train, aircraft, …) – Potential nomadic mode within coverage area

• Cell mode coverage

– Envisioned usage requires radio coverage within one (or more) cell – Antennas with wide beamwidth are preferred (30°to 60° beamwidth) – Robust modulation scheme required to deal with channel distortion and related ISI solution based on OFDM

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 7

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Australia Canada Japan USA

59.4 62.9

f [GHz] Europe??

63 64

RTTT

• Channel bandwidth: 1 GHz (500 MHz and 2 GHz optional)
• Efficient utilization of international ‚frequency grid‘
• Nine channels allocated from 57 GHz up to 66 GHz

Frequency Channels

RTTT: Road Transport and Traffic Telematics Frequency Regulation in Europe is in Progress

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 8

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Proposed Spectral Mask per Channel

fc FFT Bandwidth = 1 GHz Used Subcarriers = 890 MHz

• 30 dB
• 36 dB

Bandwidth to neighbor subcarrier = 1.11 GHz 0 dB

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 9

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

System Architecture

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 10

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

System Architecture

Basic MAC features:

– Standard IEEE 802.15.3 MAC adapted to 60 GHz PHY – Centrally controlled TDMA scheme Piconet controller + several terminals – QoS (Quality of Service) support – Authentication, privacy, dynamic channel selection, power management, etc. – Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast capabilities – Point to point and point to multipoint connection

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 11

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

PHY-Dependent MAC Parameters

Parameter name proposed value – 60 GHz pPHYMIFSTime 1 µs pPHYSIFSTime 8 µs pCCADetectTime 2 µs pPHYChannelSwitchTime 500 µs pPHYClockAccuracy +/- 15 ppm pMaxFrameBodySize 4082 octets pMaxTransferUnitSize 4066 octets pMinFragmentSize 128 octets

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 12

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Frame Format

• Preamble of about 6.6 µs duration.
• First OFDM symbol = Signal Field.

Always sent at the lowest data rate of 375 Mbit/s (BPSK ½). Contains PHY header, lengths of up to 20 MAC frames, 1st MAC header. Protected by header check sum (HCS) = 16 bit CRC.

• More OFDM symbols = Frame body .

Variable length and modulation scheme / data rate Contains up to 20 MAC payloads, FCS, and MAC headers (except 1st)

• If required, the last OFDM symbol is filled with arbitrary stuff bytes.

Preamble Signal field (BPSK ½) Frame body (variable length /data rate) PHY para- meters frame lengths

• f up to 20

MAC frames First MAC header header check sum First MAC payload First MAC FCS Second MAC header Second MAC payload 2nd MAC FCS ...

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 13

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Definition of Signal Field

One OFDM symbol BPSK ½ (375 Mbit/s) = 52.5 bytes

Assigned bits Length Logical name Description and range Byte 0, bits 0-2 3 bits PHY_VERSION PHY version (currently set to zero) Byte 0, bits 3-7 5 bits PD_MODE Transmission mode for data payload (see table 2) Byte 1, bits 0-2 3 bits N_PERM N_PERM+1 specifies the interleaver size in multiples of OFDM symbols, range = 1…8 Byte 1, bits 3-5 3 bits N_STREAM N_STREAM+1 = number of parallel coding streams Byte 1, bit 6 1 bit FRM_FOLLOW 1 = after the MIFS time, a subsequent frame is intended to be sent, 0 = no subsequent frame is intended to be sent Byte 2, bits 0-4 5 bits N_MAC_FRM N_MAC_FRM+1 = number of transmitted MAC frames in this physical frame, range = 1…20 Byte 3, bits 0-7 Byte 4, bits 0-6 15 bits PD_SCR_INIT Initial state for data scrambler Byte 5, bits 0-7 Byte 6, bits 0-3 12 bits NDATA_1 NDATA_1 = packet length in MAC frame 1

· · · · · · · · · · · ·

Byte 33, bits 4-7 Byte 34, bits 0-7 12 bits NDATA_20 NDATA_20 = packet length in MAC frame 20 Byte 35-Byte 44 10 bytes MHD_1 MAC header of packet 1 Byte 49, bits 0-7 Byte 50, bits 0-7 16 bits CRC_HD PHY header checksum (16-bit CRC) Byte 51, bits 6-7 Byte 52, bits 0-3 6 bits 6 Viterbi tail bits

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 14

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Preamble Format and Utilization

Preamble Part 1

• Pr. Part 2

SF Data Payload A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

• A -A-A-A-A-A-A-A

8 A-symbols for

• AGC settling

11 A-symbols + 13 inverted A-symbols for:

• Frame detection
• Frequency correction
• Coarse frame synchronization
• A-A-A-A

A

• A

T1 = 1.024µs T2 = 3.072µs

CP(B)

B B

Two long B-symbols for:

• Channel estimation
• Fine frame synchronization
• (Fine frequency estimation)

T3 = 0.384 µs + 2.048µs Tpreamble = 6.528 µs

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 15

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Frame Detection Mechanism

A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’

• A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’

A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’

• A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’

A’

short ACF delayed short ACF short ACF delayed short ACF

first peak second peak

R11 R12 R31 R21 R22 R32 R41 R42

] , [

max min 1

D D x x

k k

∈ −

+

• A normalized autocorrelator is related to a delayed version
• Samples satisfying an “antiphase-condition” are marked
• Marked samples are grouped in clusters, such that the distance of

adjacent cluster samples is below some value d

• The middle point in each cluster is defined as a peak at position xk
• Two peaks must be found in the frame with a distance
• With the first peak as a time reference, a second ACF is evaluated

for final frame detection and frequency offset correction

A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’ A’

• A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’-A’

A’

Applying second (long) ACF for frequency correction and final frame detection

STEP 1 STEP 2

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 16

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Signal Waveform of Synchronizer-ACFs

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 ACF signals over time for some channel response of CM2.3, SNR = 20 dB long acf short acf delayed short acf

First peak Second peak

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 17

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Channel Estimation and Time Synchronization

CP(B)

B B

• Two FFTs are applied on the second preamble part for initial

channel estimation

• A phase-unwrapping method is used to estimate the position of the

centroid of the channel impulse response in the frequency domain

• The frame FFT start position is taken at a fixed offset position from the

estimated centroid

• The BPSK modulated OFDM symbol for the signal field (SF) is

exploited after SF decoding to improve channel estimation (DFE)

SF CP

FFT FFT FFT Initial channel estimate (Gain = 3 dB) Updated channel estimate (Gain = 4.77 dB)

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 18

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Detection Performance

5 10 15 20 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 SNR [dB] in 1 GHz noise bandwidth frame failure rate (linear) detection performance for all channels (100%) CM 1.3 CM 2.3 CM 2.3 normalized CM 3.1

• 15
• 10
• 5

5 10 15 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 power [dBu] cummulative distribution function of received power channel model 1.3 channel model 2.3 channel model 3.1

• Good performance down to SNR = 1 dB for CM1.3, CM3.1 and CM2.3(norm.)
• Bad performance for unnormalized CM2.3 due to strong power fluctuation
• No false alarm was ever observed
• 5000 simulated frames / SNR-value, virtual simulation time / SNR-value = 82ms
• Power amplifier backoff: IBO = OBO = 10 dB
• Phase noise: -92 dBc/Hz@ 1MHz, cutoff (pole) = 100 kHz, noise floor = -130 dBc/Hz

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 19

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Frequency Synchronization

• Performance can be improved with less phase noise / wider PLL loop bandwidth

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02 0.022 0.024 SNR [dB] in 1 GHz noise bandwidth mean absolute frequency estimation error, normalized to subcarrier spacing CM 1.3 CM 2.3 normalized CM 3.1

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 20

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

PHY Baseband Description

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 21

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

PHY Baseband Architecture

• OFDM system architecture

Binary source Data scrambler Puncturer Binary interleaver Constellation Mapping Tone interleaver S->P Pilot inser- tion IFFT P->S CP insertion cos(2fct) DAC Convolutional encoder Guard sub- carriers insertion Puncturer Convolutional encoder Binary mapping Binary mapping

… …

Mandatory: 1 stream, Optional: N streams

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 22

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

System Parameters

1120 ns / 1184 ns / 1244 ns Symbol interval 96 ns / 160 ns / 220 ns Cyclic prefix duration 1024 ns IFFT/FFT period 0.977 MHz Subcarrier frequency spacing 1 GHz Channel bandwidth 1024 FFT size 113 Number of guard subcarriers 5 Number of DC zero subcarriers 66 Number of pilot subcarriers 840 Number of data subcarriers Value Parameter

• Nominal channel

bandwidth of 1 GHz

• Compatible with 500

MHz and 2 GHZ channels

• 3 different values of CP

duration depending on the channel characteristics

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 23

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Modulation and Coding Schemes

420 2/3 64-QAM 3000 Mbps 350 5/6 16-QAM 2500 Mbps 280 2/3 16-QAM 2000 Mbps 210 1/2 16-QAM 1500 Mbps 140 2/3 QPSK 1000 Mbps 105 1/2 QPSK 750 Mbps 70 2/3 BPSK 500 Mbps 52.5 1/2 BPSK 375 Mbps Data bytes per OFDM symbol Coding Rate Modulation Data Rate

Valid for CP duration of 96 ns. See backup slides for longer CP values.

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 24

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Coding Scheme

• Convolutional encoder, with code rate R = 1/2 and

generator polynomials g0 = (133)8 and g1 = (171)8

• Parallel encoding for high data rates

Binary source Data scrambler Puncturer Binary interleaver Convolutional encoder Puncturer Convolutional encoder Puncturer Convolutional encoder Puncturer Convolutional encoder Binary mapping Binary demapping

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 25

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Binary Interleaving

• Optimized binary interleaver to increase encoder performance
• An iterative structure of the algorithm generates different

permutation rules in a scalable way

( )

, ( )

j

p q

I k

(2) ,

( )

p q

I k

I I I k I

,

( )

p q

I k

( )

, ( )

j

p q

I k

(2) ,

( )

p q

I k

I I I k I

,

( )

p q

I k

( ) ( )

( )

( ) [ ] [ ] ( )

[ ]

[ ]

K K j q p j q p K K q p j q p IN OUT

I p k p q k k I k p k p q k k I k I X k X

) 1 ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , −

⋅ − − ⋅ ⋅ + + = ⋅ − − ⋅ ⋅ + + = = α α

parameter Offset : parameters r Interleave : , , size, Block : p K j q p K < α

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 26

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Interleaving Process

• L(k) gives the position of the k-th
• utput sample in the input

sequence

• Selection of interleaving patterns

– Targeted values for s to maximize ∆L(s) – Parameters {p, q, j} are selected when

XOUT (k) 0 L(0) L(k) k L(k+s) k+s

XOUT (k)=XIN (L(k))

{ }

{ }

( j ) ( j ) p,q p,q 0 k K 1

Max L( s ) Min I ( k s ) I ( k ) ∆

≤ ≤ −

= + −

( )

k I k L

j q p ) ( ,

) ( =

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 27

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Binary Interleaving Properties

Controlled interleaving spreading ∆L(s) between bits separated by (s-1) bits.

s depends on the maximisation criterion of ∆L(s)

∆L(s) maximisation in each data symbol s={1,…,m-1}

m :number of encoded bits per sub-carrier

∆L(s) maximisation between adjacent sub-carriers [s]m=0

Preservation of an interleaving mapping pattern

Adapted to parallel encoding of independent bit streams and special binary mapping

2 interleaving sizes K1 and K4 (1 and 4 OFDM symbol lengths)

A common interleaving pattern for binary and sub-carrier interleaving Binary interleaving located in the parallel FEC structure generates additional interleaving depths with common interleaving patterns Overall interleaving depths {1, 2, 4, 8 OFDM symbol length} S=1 S=1

S=p

x'0 x'1 x'2 x'3 … x'p-1 x'p…. x'2p-1 x'pm x'1+pmx'2+pm x'3+pm ..x'p(m+1)-1

[1], [2]

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 28

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Binary Interleaving Parameters

• Setting of parameters {p, q, j}

Interleaving spreading L(s) Interleaving parameters Interleaving depth K 858 572 1251 286 1537 1 2 96 840x4 16-QAM (binary) Sub-carrier, 4 OFDMs 64-QAM (binary) 16-QAM (binary) 64-QAM (binary) BPSK (binary) Sub-carrier, 1 OFDM Interleaving set up 4602 9788 2301 5186 7487 3 2 288 840x4x6 3186 2356 1593 5942 3949 3 2 21 840x4x4 2454 1724 1227 862 2089 3 2 36 840x6 18 268 411 286 143 3 2 12 840 s=6 s=4 s=3 s=2 s=1 j q p

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 29

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Tone Interleaving

• After constellation mapping, the complex symbols assigned to

different frequency tones are interleaved over 1 or 4 OFDM symbols

• Purpose is to increase the system frequency diversity and reduce

interference from narrow band interferers

• Similar interleaving scheme is used as for binary interleaving
• Dynamic implementation: two different permutation rules are used

cyclically

Permutation rule #1 Permuation rule #2 Permutation rule #1 Permuation rule #2 #2 #1 #4 #3 OFDM symbol Two different permuation rules f f f f YOUT (k)=YIN (L(k)) L1(k) L2(k)

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 30

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Tone Interleaving Parameters

• Setting of parameters {p, q, j}

Interleaving spreading L(s) Interleaving parameters Interleaving depth K 858 572 1251 286 1537 1 2 96 840x4 Sub-carrier, 4 OFDM symbols Sub-carrier, 1 OFDM symbol Interleaving set up 18 268 411 286 143 3 2 12 840 s=6 s=4 s=3 s=2 s=1 j q p

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 31

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Boosted Pilots

• Two full OFDM symbols are used in each frame for channel

estimation

• Additionally, in each OFDM symbol, 66 pilot tones are inserted

to mitigate phase noise and frequency offsets

• The information carried by these symbols / pilots is highly

sensitive for an efficient compensation of channel impairments

• It is recommended to allocate more power to these signals
• Assymetric pilot positions can also be considered over

successive OFDM symbols

Channel estimation symbol Data symbol #1 Data symbol #2 Data symbol #3 Pilot tone Freq. Pow.

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 32

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

System Performance

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 33

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Simulation Assumptions

• TG3c channel models (Golden Sets)

– Residential LOS (CM1.3), NLOS (CM2.3), Office LOS (CM3.1) – Spatial filtering: 30°HPBW at Rx

• Simulation scenario

– 64 packets (payload 2048 bytes) for 100 different channel realizations (a total of about 108 transmitted bits) – Computation of 90% BER/PER link success probability

• Other simulation assumptions

– Realistic channel estimation – Phase noise: single-zero, single pole model

• fp = 1 MHZ, fz = 100 MHz, PSD(0)=-87dBc/Hz (-92dBc/Hz for 3 Gbps)

– Amplifier non-linearities: Rapp model without AM-PM distortion

• OBO = 10 dB, p = 2

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 34

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Simulation Results – 2 Gbps

CM1.3, CM2.3, CM3.1 Channel models tested 2 Gbps Data rate 4 OFDM symbols Interleaver depth Channel coding, rate Modulation Guard time Data subcarriers Number of subcarriers RF bandwidth Parameter 840 16-QAM Convolutional code, R = 2/3 96 ns (CP) 1024 1 GHz Value

• 90% BER link success probability

5 10 15 20 25 10

• 6

10

• 5

10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 BER Eb / N0 2 Gbps CM1.3 CM2.3 CM3.1

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 35

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Simulation Results – 2 Gbps

CM1.3, CM2.3, CM3.1 Channel models tested 2 Gbps Data rate 4 OFDM symbols Interleaver depth Channel coding, rate Modulation Guard time Data subcarriers Number of subcarriers RF bandwidth Parameter 840 16-QAM Convolutional code, R = 2/3 96 ns (CP) 1024 1 GHz Value

• 90% PER link success probability

5 10 15 20 25 10

• 2

10

• 1

10 PER Eb / N0 2 Gbps CM1.3 CM2.3 CM3.1

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 36

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Simulation Results – 3 Gbps

CM1.3, CM2.3, CM3.1 Channel models tested 3 Gbps Data rate 4 OFDM symbols Interleaver depth Channel coding, rate Modulation Guard time Data subcarriers Number of subcarriers RF bandwidth Parameter 840 64-QAM Convolutional code, R = 2/3 96 ns (CP) 1024 1 GHz Value

• 90% BER link success probability
• CM2.3n = normalized channels of CM2.3
• Phase noise: PSD(0) = -92 dBc/Hz

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 10

• 6

10

• 5

10

• 4

10

• 3

10

• 2

10

• 1

10 BER Eb / N0 3 Gbps CM1.3 CM2.3 CM2.3n CM3.1

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 37

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Simulation Results – 3 Gbps

CM1.3, CM2.3, CM3.1 Channel models tested 3 Gbps Data rate 4 OFDM symbols Interleaver depth Channel coding, rate Modulation Guard time Data subcarriers Number of subcarriers RF bandwidth Parameter 840 64-QAM Convolutional code, R = 2/3 96 ns (CP) 1024 1 GHz Value

• 90% PER link success probability
• CM2.3n = normalized channels of CM2.3
• Phase noise: PSD(0) = -92 dBc/Hz

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 10

• 2

10

• 1

10 PER Eb / N0 3 Gbps CM1.3 CM2.3 CM2.3n CM3.1

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 38

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Link Budget Example

• CM1.3, LOS path loss model, 2 Gbps

m 5,89 Maximum operating range (d = 10

PL/10n)

dB 15,4 Tolerable path loss (PL = PT+GT+GR-PN-S-Mshadowing-I-PL0) dB 3 Implementation Loss(I) dB 5 Shadowing link margin (Mshadowing) dB 11,6 Minimum Eb/N0 for CM1.3 channel (S) (for BER = 1E-6) dBm

• 75

Average noise power per bit (PN = N + NF) dB 6 Rx Noise Figure Referred to the Antenna Terminal (NF) dBm

• 81

Average noise power per bit (N=-174+10*log10(Rb))) dBi 9 Rx antenna gain (GR) 68.00dB 68 Path loss at 1 meter (PL0 = 20log10(4*PI*fc/c)), c = 3*10

8 m/s

60GHz 60 Center frequency (fc) dBi 9 Tx antenna gain (GT) dBm 10 Average Tx power (PT) Gb/s 2 PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate (Rb)

Unit Value Parameter

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 39

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

MAC Goodput without ACK

PHY overhead time = 8.8 µs (6.6 µs preamble + 1.2 µs signal field + 1 µs MIFS time)

100 1k 10k 100k 1M 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

without ACK

MAC goodput (Mbit/s) MAC payload size (bytes)

Nominal PHY data rate 3000 Mbit/s 2000 Mbit/s 1500 Mbit/s 750 Mbit/s 375 Mbit/s

80 kByte 97 %

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 40

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

MAC Goodput with Group ACK

PHY overhead time = 32.8 µs (2x 6.6 µs preamble + 2x 1.2 µs signal field + 1.2 µs ACK payload + 2x 8 µs SIFS time)

100 1k 10k 100k 1M 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

MAC goodput (Mbit/s) MAC payload size (bytes)

Nominal PHY data rate 3000 Mbit/s 2000 Mbit/s 1500 Mbit/s 750 Mbit/s 375 Mbit/s including group ACK

80 kByte 91 %

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 41

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

System Implementation

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 42

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Estimated Chip Area

• Scaling a current FPGA implementation, the following

figures can be estimated (4 data streams, max. 500 MHz digital CLK, 65 nm digital CMOS, 130 nm analog SiGe- BiCMOS assumed!):

– MAC Processor: 10 mm2 (ca. 10 Mio Gates) – Baseband Processor: 15 mm2 (ca. 15 Mio Gates) – Data Converters: 10 mm2 – Analog Frontend (incl. PA) 6 mm2 – Size Complete Transceiver PCB: 5 cm x 4 cm x 3 cm – Size of Antenna (Patch Array): 30 mm x 40 mm x 2 mm

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 43

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Estimated Power Dissipation

• Total Power Dissipation at 2 Gb/s

(65 nm CMOS digital; 130 nm analog SiGe)

TX RX – MAC Processor: 200 mW 200 mW – Baseband Processor: 200 mW 350 mW – Data Converters: 100 mW 150 mW – Analog Frontend 200 mW 200 mW – Power Amplifier 150 mW 20 mW

• Total (continuous):

850 mW 920 mW

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 44

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Prototype

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 45

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

OFDM-Baseband Processor (FPGA)

A/D Converter D/A Converter Main FPGA Board for BB Proc. BB I/Q Signals to/from IF Block

Signal Bandwidth: 500 MHz; Max data rate: 1 Gbps

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 46

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

60 GHz Analog Frontend

60 GHz TX 60 GHz RX 5 GHz TX 5 GHz RX

0.25 um SiGe BiCMOS Technology; Max data rate: 720 Mbit/s @ 500 MHz Bandwidth demonstrated

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 47

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Open issues

• Addition of a Low Data Rate (LDR) mode for signalling and LDR

applications

– Specific 60 GHz channel – Other technology (UWB, 5 GHz, …)

• Compatibility with other techniques for 60 GHz transmission is

desirable

– SC with FDE, SC, …

• Use of multiple antennas could increase efficiency

– Beamforming – MIMO STBC – …

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 48

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Conclusion

• This proposal presents an OFDM based PHY allowing 60 GHz

transmission at data rates from 335 Mbps to 3 Gbps

• OFDM presents technical advantages meeting TG3c requirements :

– Inherently robust against any type of fading channel – Providing high spectrum efficiency and allowing to reach high data rates

• OFDM is a future proof technology

– Mature, widely used technology (WiFi, WiMax, DAB, DVB, ECMA UWB) – Large scope of possible applications: from point-to-point data transfer to cell mode coverage – Compatible with advanced techniques: beamforming, MIMO STBC, …

• We are in discussions to converge with Wireless HD, and open to

discussions with any companies interested in OFDM or compatible technologies

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 49

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

References

[1] Siaud.I, Ulmer-Moll A.M, "A Novel Adaptive sub-carrier Interleaving : application to millimeter- wave WPAN OFDM Systems (IST MAGNET project)", IEEE portable 2007 conf, 25-29 March 2007, Orlando (USA). [2] Siaud.I, Ulmer-Moll, "Advanced Interleaving algorithms for OFDM based millimeter wave WPAN transmissions", SCEE Seminar, 8 February 2007, France. [3] Pagani, P., Siaud, I., Ulmer-Moll, A. & Li, W., "High rate OFDM system for 60 GHz WPAN", IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPANs, no. IEEE 802.15-07/539, Jan. 2007. [4] Pagani, P., Siaud, I., Ulmer-Moll, A. & Li, W., "Advanced interleaving for high data rate 60 GHz communications", IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPANs, no. IEEE 802.15-07/627, March 2007. [5] E. Grass, M. Piz, F. Herzel, R. Kraemer ‘Draft PHY Proposal for 60 GHz WPAN’ IEEE 802.15 Meeting, Document Number: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1, Vancouver (Can), Nov. 2005. [6] E. Grass, M. Piz, F. Herzel, K. Schmalz, Y. Sun, S. Glisic, K. Tittelbach-Helmrich ‘60 GHz Demonstrator in 0.25 µm SiGe:C BiCMOS Technology’, IEEE 802.15 Meeting, Document Number: IEEE 802.15-06/0320r0, San Diego (CA), July 2006. [7] E. Grass, F. Herzel, M. Piz, Y. Sun, R. Kraemer, 'Implementation Aspects of Gbit/s Communication Systems in the 60 GHz Band' Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) / WG5, San Diego (CA), July 07-08, 2005. [8] F. Herzel, S. Glisic, W. Winkler ‘Integrated Frequency Synthesizer in SiGe BiCMOS Technology for 60 GHz and 24 GHz Wireless Applications’, Electronics Letters 43(3), 154 (2007)

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 50

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Thank you ! Questions ?

pascal.pagani@orange-ftgroup.com wei3.li@orange-ftgroup.com grass@ihp-microelectronics.com

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 51

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Backup slides

May 2007

France Telecom - IHP Slide 52

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0688-01-003c

Submission

Modulation and Coding Schemes

472.5 3/4 64-QAM 3000 Mbps 420 2/3 64-QAM 2700 Mbps 315 3/4 16-QAM 2000 Mbps 210 1/2 16-QAM 1350 Mbps 157.5 3/4 QPSK 1000 Mbps 105 1/2 QPSK 675 Mbps 78.75 3/4 BPSK 500 Mbps 52.5 1/2 BPSK 335 Mbps Data bytes per OFDM symbol Coding Rate Modulation Minimum Data Rate

for CP lengths of 160 ns and 220 ns