Primary Framing Primary Framing Systems Systems VP University VP - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Primary Framing Primary Framing Systems Systems VP University VP - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 14, 2023 360 likes •1.79k views

Primary Framing Primary Framing Systems Systems VP University VP University Plasma Arc Plasma Arc Webs Webs Conrac (welding) Conrac (welding) Hand Weld Hand Weld Structural Steel Beam Compared to Pre-engineered Beam of Equivalent

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SLIDE 1

Primary Framing Primary Framing Systems Systems

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 2

Plasma Arc Plasma Arc

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SLIDE 3

Webs Webs

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SLIDE 4

Conrac (welding) Conrac (welding)

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SLIDE 5

Hand Weld Hand Weld

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SLIDE 6

Structural Steel Beam Compared to Pre-engineered Beam of Equivalent Strength

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SLIDE 7

Stress Stress-

  • Strain Curve

Strain Curve

Fig 1. A stress Fig 1. A stress– –strain strain curve typical of curve typical of structural steel structural steel

  • 1. Ultimate Strength
  • 1. Ultimate Strength
  • 2. Yield Strength
  • 2. Yield Strength
  • 3. Rupture
  • 3. Rupture
  • 4. Strain hardening
  • 4. Strain hardening

region region

  • 5. Necking region.
  • 5. Necking region.

A: Apparent stress A: Apparent stress (F/A (F/A0

0)

) B: Actual stress B: Actual stress (F/A) (F/A)

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SLIDE 8

Concrete Compression Concrete Compression Strength Strength

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SLIDE 9

Concrete Compression Concrete Compression Strength Strength

Don’t lose the opportunity to take advantage of higher strength concrete when it’s already specified on the project.

  • The strength of the concrete

used for the foundation design may have a noticeable impact

  • n column base plates and

anchor rods.

  • For the examples shown, the

base plate size and number of Anchor Rods were noticeably reduced when higher strength

  • f concrete specified for the

project is entered in VPCommand.

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SLIDE 10

Pinned Base Sidewall Columns Pinned Base Sidewall Columns

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SLIDE 11

Fixed Base Fixed Base

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SLIDE 12

Primary Frames Primary Frames

VP University VP University

Clear Span (Rigid Frame) Modular (Continuous Beam)

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SLIDE 13

Primary Frames Primary Frames

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SLIDE 14

Primary Frames Primary Frames

  • Carry loads to the foundation

Carry loads to the foundation

  • Shop Coat is 1 mil thick and gray*

Shop Coat is 1 mil thick and gray* in color (bronze and red oxide also in color (bronze and red oxide also available at additional cost). available at additional cost).

  • Spans and Eave Heights in

Spans and Eave Heights in increments of 1/16” increments of 1/16”

* as of VPCommand v8.0 February 14, 2010 * as of VPCommand v8.0 February 14, 2010

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 15

15 15 15

  • All Structural Connections use A325T (Full Thread) Bolts

(optional A490)

  • ASTM F1852 Tension Control Bolt Option still available.
  • All Secondary Connections (except girt to jambs) will be

A325T (T = full-thread bolts) ½” x 1½” plated bolts.

Bolts

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SLIDE 16

Pre Pre-

  • punched Holes

punched Holes

  • VP primary frames have pre

VP primary frames have pre-

  • punched holes for purlin

punched holes for purlin connections connections

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 17

Typical Connections

VP University VP University

RAFTER BEAM SPLI CE Rafter to Column at the Haunch

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SLIDE 18

Typical Connections (“A” splice plate)

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 19

Typical Connections (“B” splice plate)

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 20

Typical Connections Typical Connections

Top Bolted Face Bolted Vertical Bolting Plate

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SLIDE 21
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SLIDE 22

Factory Welded Clips Factory Welded Clips

VP University VP University

Girt Clip

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SLIDE 23

Primary Frame Primary Frame

VP University VP University

Open Web Solid Web

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SLIDE 24

Primary Frames Primary Frames Features & Benefits Features & Benefits

  • What roof pitches are available

What roof pitches are available for Primary Frames? for Primary Frames?

– –Usually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeper Usually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeper pitches available if needed pitches available if needed

  • What is the maximum eave

What is the maximum eave height allowed? height allowed?

– –As required by the end user As required by the end user

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 25

Two Two-

  • piece bolted column

piece bolted column

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SLIDE 26

Exterior Column Variations Exterior Column Variations

VP University VP University

Tapered Straight Straight Tapered Tapered Straight

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SLIDE 27

Straight then Tapered Straight then Tapered

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SLIDE 28
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SLIDE 29

Column Tapered Column Tapered-

  • Straight

Straight

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SLIDE 30

Straight Column Features & Straight Column Features & Benefits Benefits

VP University VP University

Inset Girts

Columns can be hidden within a finished wall

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SLIDE 31

I nterior Column Options I nterior Column Options

VP University VP University

3-Plate Built-up Pipe Tube (Square)

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Triangle Tube Triangle Tube

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SLIDE 33

I nterior Columns I nterior Columns

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SLIDE 34

I nterior Column I nterior Column -

  • Pipe

Pipe

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SLIDE 35

Primary Frames Primary Frames

Rigid Frame Rigid Frame

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 36

Rigid Rigid Frames Frames

VP University VP University

Rigid Frame

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SLIDE 37

Rigid Frames (with crane Rigid Frames (with crane brackets) brackets)

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Rigid Frame Cross Rigid Frame Cross Section Section

VP University VP University

When a “CLEAR SPAN” is required

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SLIDE 39

RF with an Offset RF with an Offset Ridge Ridge

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 40

RF Single Slope RF Single Slope

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 41
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SLIDE 42
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SLIDE 43
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SLIDE 44

Loads to the Foundation

VP University VP University

Forces LOAD LOAD

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Anchor Bolts Anchor Bolts

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Rigid Frames Rigid Frames Features & Benefits Features & Benefits

  • Why or when should this type of

Why or when should this type of frame be used? frame be used? – – When CLEAR SPANS are required When CLEAR SPANS are required

  • How wide can a Rigid Frame be?

How wide can a Rigid Frame be? – – VP has done them up to 300’ VP has done them up to 300’ wide wide

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 47
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SLIDE 48

RF (Pitt Panthers) RF (Pitt Panthers)

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Baumer Construction

  • Ft. Laramie, Ohio

Hickory Hill Concert Pavilion

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Primary Frames Primary Frames

Continuous Continuous Beam Beam

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 51

Continuous Beam Frames Continuous Beam Frames

VP University VP University

Continuous Beam Frame (CB-1)

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SLIDE 52

VP University VP University

Continuous Beam Frames

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SLIDE 53

Continuous Beam Frame Continuous Beam Frame

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SLIDE 54

Continuous Beam Frames Continuous Beam Frames

VP University VP University

CB-1 CB-2 CB-3

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SLIDE 55
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SLIDE 56

CB Frame w/ Offset Ridge CB Frame w/ Offset Ridge

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 57

I nterior Column at CB I nterior Column at CB

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SLIDE 58

CB Frame with CB Frame with Unequal Modules Unequal Modules

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 59

CB Frame Options - Single Slope

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 60

Continuous Beam Frames Continuous Beam Frames Features & Benefits Features & Benefits

  • When should this type of

When should this type of frame be used? frame be used? – – Wide Span Buildings Wide Span Buildings

  • What does adding interior

What does adding interior columns do to the rafter? columns do to the rafter? – – Makes it lighter Makes it lighter

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 61

Continuous Beam Frames Continuous Beam Frames Features & Benefits Features & Benefits

  • How does this affect the price

How does this affect the price

  • f the rafter?
  • f the rafter?

– – The price decreases The price decreases

  • How wide can a CB frame be?

How wide can a CB frame be? – – VP has done them over 800’ VP has done them over 800’ wide wide

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 62

I n I n-

  • place Cost Considerations

place Cost Considerations

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 63

Primary Frames Primary Frames

Unibeam Frames Unibeam Frames

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 64

Unibeam Frames Unibeam Frames

VP University VP University

Unibeam

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SLIDE 65

Unibeam Features & Unibeam Features & Benefits Benefits

VP University VP University

TYPICAL RIGID FRAME

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SLIDE 66

Unibeam Features & Benefits

VP University VP University

Ceiling Line

More vertical clearance at sidewalls

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SLIDE 67

Unibeam Features & Benefits Unibeam Features & Benefits

VP University VP University

Ceiling Lin e

Straight Columns

  • Vs. Tapered
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SLIDE 68

Truss Frames Truss Frames

VP University VP University

Truss Beam Continuous Trusses (CT-2) (CT-1)

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SLIDE 69

Patent for Clark Patent for Clark Prudhon’s Prudhon’s Truss Frame Truss Frame -

  • 1959

1959

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SLIDE 70
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SLIDE 71
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SLIDE 72

Rigid Frame Truss Rigid Frame Truss

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SLIDE 73
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SLIDE 74
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SLIDE 75

Open Web To Column Open Web To Column

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SLIDE 76

Open Web Rafter

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SLIDE 77

Open Web Rafter

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SLIDE 78

Rigid Frame Truss Rigid Frame Truss

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SLIDE 79

79 79

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SLIDE 80
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SLIDE 81

Truss Beam Truss Beam

VP University VP University

  • Straight Columns
  • Flat Bottom
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SLIDE 82

Continuous Truss Continuous Truss

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 83

Continuous Truss Continuous Truss

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 84

The Open Web The Open Web Advantage Advantage

VP University VP University

Piping and wiring can be run through an open web frame...

... It doesn’t have to go under

the frame.

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SLIDE 85

Gambrel-Open Web

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SLIDE 86

Open Web Open Web Considerations Considerations

  • Manufacturing

Manufacturing availability varies by availability varies by Service Center Service Center

– – Alabama and Alabama and Wisconsin Wisconsin

  • Lateral Bracing to

Lateral Bracing to bottom cord bottom cord

  • Economical for

Economical for large large span and span and large large interior grids interior grids

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 87

Crane Crane – – VP / Hybrid VP / Hybrid

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SLIDE 88
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SLIDE 89

Sample Project Sample Project

180 x 350 x 20 180 x 350 x 20 2006 IBC 2006 IBC 35 35 psf psf GS GS 20 LL 20 LL 90 mph Wind 90 mph Wind 50 ft. bays 50 ft. bays

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SLIDE 90

Frame Comparisons Frame Comparisons

$0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000 Frame Type P&B RF WB CB-1 CT-1 CB-2 CT-2 3P P&B

(Non-discounted prices shown)

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SLIDE 91

Primary Frames Primary Frames

Lean Lean-

  • to Frames

to Frames

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 92

Lean Lean-

  • To Frames

To Frames

VP University VP University

Below Eave Lean-to At Eave Lean-to

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Endwall Lean Endwall Lean-

  • To

To

VP University VP University

End wall Lean-to

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At Eave Height Lean At Eave Height Lean-

  • To

To

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 95

At Eave Lean At Eave Lean-

  • to connection

to connection

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SLIDE 96

Below Eave Height Below Eave Height Lean Lean-

  • To

To

VP University VP University

  • Can add interior columns if needed.
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SLIDE 97

CB Lean CB Lean-

  • to

to

VP University VP University

Below eave Height or at eave Lean-to Mainly large span lean-to

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SLIDE 98

CT Lean CT Lean-

  • to

to

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 99

Lean Lean-

  • To

To

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SLIDE 100

Primary Primary Frames Frames

Endwall Framing Endwall Framing

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 101

End Frames End Frames

VP University VP University

End Frames

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SLIDE 102

Post & Beam End Frames Post & Beam End Frames

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 103

Components Components

VP University VP University

Rake Beam Corner Posts “P&B”

Endposts

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SLIDE 104

Typical Endpost Typical Endpost Spacing Spacing

VP University VP University

24' 25' 25' 13'-0" 13'-0" 100'

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Materials Materials

VP University VP University

Back-to-Back Cees

Cornerpost and Endpost G30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate

3-Plate Built-Up

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Materials Materials

VP University VP University

Cornerpost and Endpost G30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3- plate

  • Endposts are:
  • G30 acrylic coated cold

formed CEEs

  • riveted back-to-back

CEEs

  • Single CEE (inset girts
  • nly)
  • 3-plate welded solution

as needed

  • Tube and Hot Roll

endwall posts are an

  • ption.
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SLIDE 107

How a Post & Beam How a Post & Beam Frame Works Frame Works

VP University VP University

The Rake Beam is designed as a CONTINUOUS BEAM spanning across the end posts

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How a Post & Beam How a Post & Beam Frame Works Frame Works

VP University VP University

End posts span from the floor to the rake to support wind loads

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How a Post & Beam How a Post & Beam Frame Works Frame Works

VP University VP University

End posts also support the gravity loads vertically, carrying them from the Rake Beam to the foundation

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Rake Beam to Endpost Rake Beam to Endpost

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Rigid Frame with End Rigid Frame with End Posts Posts

VP University VP University

End Post “EP”

End Posts can be used with any frame type

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Post and Beam Stability Post and Beam Stability

  • Automated diaphragm check;

Automated diaphragm check;

  • If fails, Rods may automatically be

If fails, Rods may automatically be designed… designed…

  • …Initially at interior bay…

…Initially at interior bay…

  • …Then at

…Then at endbay endbay(s) (s)

112 112

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SLIDE 113

Post and Beam Stability Post and Beam Stability

113 113

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SLIDE 114

Half Half-

  • Load Frames with

Load Frames with End Posts End Posts

VP University VP University

End Post “EP”

End Posts can be used with any frame type

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SLIDE 115

Full Full-

  • Load Frames with

Load Frames with End Posts End Posts

  • When future

When future expansion is expansion is expected expected

End Posts can be

used with any frame type

VP University VP University

End Post “EP”

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Soldier Columns Soldier Columns

A Soldier Column Soldier Column is used to reduce the is used to reduce the span of the sidewall girts when long span of the sidewall girts when long bays ( 30’ bays ( 30’-

  • 0” + ) are required.

0” + ) are required.

VP University VP University

Soldier Column

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SLIDE 117

Soldier Columns Soldier Columns

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 118

Primary Framing Primary Framing

Applied Design Applied Design Concepts and Concepts and Considerations Considerations

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 119

Primary Frames Primary Frames

Moment Resisting Frames Moment Resisting Frames

VP University VP University

Load

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SLIDE 120

P & B’s Are P & B’s Are NOT Moment Resisting NOT Moment Resisting

VP University VP University

Load

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SLIDE 121

How a Post & Beam Frame How a Post & Beam Frame Works Works

Diaphragm is the metal panel’s ability to resist loads within its surface.

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SLIDE 122

Post & Beam Frames Post & Beam Frames

VP University VP University

Bracing or the diaphragm action of wall panels is required to resist wind loads from the side of the building

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SLIDE 123

Ledger Angle at End Frame Ledger Angle at End Frame Location Location

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SLIDE 124

Pinned and Rigid Pinned and Rigid Connection Types Connection Types

VP University VP University

Rigid Connections at the haunches and rafter splices Pinned Connections at the base

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SLIDE 125

Standard Fixed Base Standard Fixed Base

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SLIDE 126

Fixed Base Column Fixed Base Column

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 127

Fixed Base Column Fixed Base Column

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 128

Frame Deflection Frame Deflection Considerations Considerations

VP University VP University

Horizontal Deflection Vertical Deflection

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SLIDE 129

Unsupported Columns Unsupported Columns and Rafters and Rafters

VP University VP University

Supported Members have Flange Braces Unsupported Members do not have Flange Braces. (may or may not have girts)

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Unsupported Columns Unsupported Columns and Rafters and Rafters

  • A column or rafter is considered

A column or rafter is considered unsupported when it does not have unsupported when it does not have Lateral support. Lateral support.

  • This condition occurs when there are

This condition occurs when there are no flange braces attached to the no flange braces attached to the compression (Inside) flange. compression (Inside) flange.

  • Unsupported columns are typically

Unsupported columns are typically more expensive than Supported. more expensive than Supported.

VP University VP University

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SLIDE 131

VP University VP University

Flange Bracing Flange Bracing

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SLIDE 132

Special Curved Framing Special Curved Framing

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SLIDE 133

Special Curved Framing Special Curved Framing

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SLIDE 134

Special Special Curved Curved Framing Framing

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SLIDE 135
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SLIDE 136
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SLIDE 137
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SLIDE 138
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SLIDE 139
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SLIDE 140

Primary Framing Tips Primary Framing Tips

  • The more you

The more you reduce the span

reduce the span of a

  • f a

member the more you reduce the member the more you reduce the cost (to a certain point)… cost (to a certain point)…

  • Tapered

Tapered members most economical

members most economical

  • Span

Span frames shortest

frames shortest distance in

distance in building building

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SLIDE 141

Primary Framing Tips Primary Framing Tips

  • Gage Post and Beam

Gage Post and Beam most

most economical endwall frame economical endwall frame

  • Reduce

Reduce endbay endbay span if possible span if possible

  • Reduce Int. Col. Span near sidewalls

Reduce Int. Col. Span near sidewalls

  • Do Not specify deflection higher than

Do Not specify deflection higher than necessary necessary

  • Open Web frames economical with

Open Web frames economical with large spans and heavy loads large spans and heavy loads

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SLIDE 142

VP University VP University