Present Status and Physics Prospects of PINGU Joshua Hignight for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Present Status and Physics Prospects of PINGU

Joshua Hignight for the IceCube-Gen2 Collaboration May 30th, 2018

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 1 / 22

IceCube

50 m 1450 m 2450 m 2820 m

IceCube Array

86 strings including 5160 optical sensors

DeepCore

8 strings-spacing optimized 480 optical sensors Eiffel Tower 324 m

IceCube Lab

IceTop

81 Stations 324 optical sensors

Bedrock

for lower energies 8 DeepCore strings

Instrument 1 Gton of ice Optimized for TeV-PeV neutrinos

◮ Astrophysical ν discovered!

DeepCore

◮ ∼10 Mton region with

denser instrumentation

◮ Pushes thresholds down to ≈ 5

GeV

◮ Surrounding detector used as

active veto against atmospheric µ

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 2 / 22

IceCube-DeepCore

25 GeV νµ CC

color → hit time size → hit charge

IceCube DOM 10” PMT

❅ ❅ ■

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 3 / 22

IceCube Upgrade

2.4m

Upgrade

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IceCube Upgrade: Hardware

Seven new strings in DeepCore with inter-string space of ∼22m Two planned PMT designs:

◮ multi-PMTs mDOMs ◮ Dual optical sensor in an Ellipsoid Glass for Gen2 (D-Egg)

Both include new calibration devices to help better understand the ice

◮ Onboard LEDs with wider range of angles accessible, including vertically ◮ New camera for local ice calibration Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 5 / 22

IceCube Upgrade: Hardware

multi-PMTs mDOMs

◮ 24 × 3” PMTs housed in a 14” DOM ◮ Double the photocathode area of

IceCube DOMs

◮ Provides extra directional information

• f photons

D-Egg

◮ Two 8” PMTs facing back-to-back ◮ Ellipsoid glass, optimal shape for glass

transparency

◮ Single ADC with wide dynamic range Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 6 / 22

IceCube Upgrade: Science Goals

ντ appearance analysis

◮ PMNS unitarity tests

Precision measurements of sin2(θ23) and ∆m2

32

◮ Octant/Maximal mixing ◮ Complementary to LBL experiments

Neutrino mass ordering at 1.5-2σ in 3 years Improvement on eV sterile ν searches, NSI, solar WIMP searches, and other BSM searches Better neutrino astronomy at high energies

◮ Improved angular resolution and veto performance ◮ ντ identification ◮ Multi-messenger astronomy Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 7 / 22

IceCube Upgrade: Oscillation Physics

10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

Eν [GeV]

1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 103 104 105 106 107

L [GeV–1] L [m]

Double CHOOZ
 RENO Daya Bay DAEδALUS Solar Potential KamLAND K2K T2K MINOS/OPERA/ICARUS NOνA DUNE Super-Kamiokande

IceCube


(High Energy)

PINGU

JUNO

L Latm

RENO-50 ORCA KM3NeT-ARCA tau production 
 threshold

IceCube probes oscillation physics at baselines and energies inaccessible to LBL or reactor neutrino experiments.

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 8 / 22

IceCube Upgrade: ντ Appearance

< 7% precision on the ντ normalization after 3 years

• f data.

∼ 10% precision needed for real tests of the unitarity of the PMNS mixing matrix. Very few experiments can do this measurement!

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

livetime (years)

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

ντ normalization

IceCube Upgrade Preliminary ντ Appearance 95% range 68% range IC Upgrade 3y (68%) DeepCore 10y (68%) SuperK (68%) Opera (90%)

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 9 / 22

IceCube Upgrade: νµ Disappearance

Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade

Projected limits on sin2(θ23) and ∆m2

32 competitive with dedicated LBL experiments.

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IceCube Upgrade: Sterile Neutrinos

Higher precision event reconstructions increase sensitivity considerably. Upgrade should produce similar improvements in searches for non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI), WIMPs, and other BSM physics - under current investigation.

IceCube Upgrade (3y), 90% C.L.

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IceCube Upgrade Timeline

Project timeline:

◮ 2019-Q1: Preliminary Design Review; drill recon season at Pole ◮ 2019: Preparation for final design; long lead procurement ◮ 2020-Q1: Final Design Review ◮ 2020-2021: Drill generators ship to Pole; refurbish drill structures at Pole ◮ 2021-2022: Firn drilling ◮ 2022-2023: Deploy 7 strings Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 12 / 22

IceCube-Gen2

IceCube-Gen2 is a versitile facility for future South Pole physics Radio Array Surface Array High Energy Array

◮ 120 strings × 90

sensors/string

◮ ∼ 8 km2 area with wider

string spacing

PINGU

◮ Low energy infill ◮ 17 strings × 125

sensors + Upgrade strings

◮ 24m inter-string spacing Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 13 / 22

PINGU

2.4m 2.4m

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 14 / 22

PINGU: Science Goals

Augmenting the low-energy program of the upgrade.

◮ ∼ 70k up-going atmospheric neutrinos per year

Neutrino mass ordering ντ appearance sin2(θ23) octant sensitivity Wide breadth of other science:

◮ Dark matter searches ◮ Earth tomography ◮ SN ◮ ... Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 15 / 22

PINGU: Neutrino Mass Ordering

Neutrinos Anti-Neutrinos Normal hierarchy (NH) Inverted hierarchy (IH)

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PINGU: Neutrino Mass Ordering

PINGU cannot differentiate ν and ¯ ν: rely on difference in flux and cross-section

◮ Large statistical samples: ∼33k νµ + ¯

νµ CC per year, ∼25k νe + ¯ νe CC per year

Distinct ordering dependent signatures for tracks (mostly νµ CC) and cascades

◮ Intensity is statistical significance of each bin with 1 year data ◮ Particular expected “distortion pattern” helps mitigate impact of systematics Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 17 / 22

PINGU: Neutrino Mass Ordering

0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65

sin2 θ23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

nσ (4 yr)

NuFit v2.0 NO best NO median sensitivity 68% CL (stat.) 95% CL (stat.)

0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65

sin2 θ23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

nσ (4 yr)

NuFit v2.0 IO best IO median sensitivity 68% CL (stat.) 95% CL (stat.)

Sensitivities calculated with 2 different methods (LLR and ∆χ2) in agreement NMO sensitivity strongly depends on true sin2(θ23) Median sensitivity of ∼ 3σ with 4 years of data for current best-fit values

◮ Current global best fit close to sensitivity minimum for both orderings! Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 18 / 22

PINGU: ντ Appearance

Expected to reach 5σ exclusion of no ντ appearance with a month of data

◮ Can even reach 5σ exclusion of no ντ

appearance within a year if ντ normalization is 0.6.

Can reach Upgrade precision with less than 1 year of data.

Livetime (months) 2 4 6 8 10 12 normalization

τ

ν Precision on 1 2 3 σ 5

expected σ 1 ± σ 2 ±

SK (90%CL) OPERA (90% CL) Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 19 / 22

PINGU: νµ Disappearance

Precision of sin2(θ32) and ∆m2

32

measurement is as good as LBL experiments 4 year octant sensitivity 3σ if:

◮ NO: sin2(θ32) 0.38 or 0.62 ◮ IO: sin2(θ32) 0.38 or 0.58

0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65

sin2 θ23

2.70 2.65 2.60 2.55 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.10

∆m 2

32 [10−3 eV2 ]

PINGU 4 year, maximal mixing PINGU 4 year, NuFit 2014 inputs PINGU 4 year, Fogli 2012 θ23 input

Inverted mass ordering assumed, 90% CL contours

0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65

sin2 θ23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Years until exclusion of wrong octant (90% CL)

NO IO

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 20 / 22

Conclusion

IceCube Upgrade proposal is under review

◮ Stepping stone towards full IceCube-Gen2 program ◮ Anticipated world leading sensitivity to ντ appearance ⋆ expected precision better than 7% after 3 years ◮ Improvement to wide range of measurements expected ⋆ inparticularly improvements to neutrino astronomy!

PINGU goes beyond IceCube Upgrade

◮ Potential low-energy extension to IceCube-Gen2 ◮ Rich physics reach Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 21 / 22

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 22 / 22

Backup

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 23 / 22

Methods for estimating sensitivity to the NMH

Currently two methods used: the χ2 method and Likelihood Ratio

◮ Output of full simulation and reconstruction parametrized and used ◮ Analysis done in Eν × cos(zenith) space in 2 PID bins ◮ χ2 method: Relatively fast evaluation by scanning nonlinear parameters and propagating error for

linear parameters and minimizing the ∆χ2

◮ Likelihood Ratio: Full analysis from pseudo data sets. While method is slower it does not

pre-suppose any shapes

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 24 / 22

χ2 (pull) method Likelihood Ratio Preliminary

LLR method

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 25 / 22

LLR method

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 26 / 22

Systematics for PINGU Studies

Joshua Hignight PINGU May 30th, 2018 27 / 22