Pl Planning nning to R o Red educe uce Lo Losses: ses: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Pl Planning nning to R

• Red

educe uce Lo Losses: ses: Hurrica rricane ne Mitiga igation tion from

• m the

e Go Government ernment and nd Res esident ident Pe Perspec spectiv tive

Se Septemb tember er 27, , 2017

Research Team: Maria Ilcheva. Ph.D. Christopher Torres, Ph.D. student Dulce Boza, Ph.D. Student

Res esear earch h Focus cus

Source: Geology.com

Geography: Florida Coastal Counties

• 61 of 67 counties, over 20 million people;
• particular focus on most densely populated

counties: Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Pinellas, Hillsborough, Manatee, Pasco, Duval, St. Johns Topics:

• The Insurance Market,
• Risk Reduction,
• Evacuations
• Government Measures for the Mitigation of Loss,
• Critical Infrastructure location and protection
• Sea level rise effect
• Florida Resident Perceptions: Trends in Hurricane Mitigation, Risk

Reduction, and Preparedness

• Business Preparedness and Continuity Planning

Web ebinar nar Outline tline

• Florida Building Code and Insurance

Policies

• The Community Rating System
• Flood Insurance Rate Maps
• Vulnerable Populations in South Florida
• Mitigation in Planning
• The Florida Resident Perspective
• Solutions

Histor

• ry

y of f Bu Building ding Code des s in Florida ida

The South Florida Building Code The State Minimum Building Code Hurricane Andrew Hits Comprehensive Review of Building Codes The FBC Replaces All Local Codes The 2004/2005 Hurricane season The Future of Building Codes

1957 1974 1992 1996 2002 2004 2017

Th The N e Nat ational

• nal Floo
• od Ins

nsur urance ance Pro rogra ram m (NFIP) P)

The Federal Insurance & Mitigation Administration Risk Management Mitigation Federal Insurance

The National Flood Insurance Act of 1968

The National Flood Insurance Program Building Codes

The he Main n Goal al of f th the NF e NFIP

• To provide subsidized federal insurance to

individuals who reside within moderate to high risk flood zones.

The NFIP Federal State Local Private Sector Private Citizens

Issues ues with th th the NF e NFIP

• $25 billion dollars in debt
• Flood insurance rates do not reflect true risk
• Only 20% of Harvey victims had flood insurance

Photo Credit: Marcus Yam—LA Times via Getty Images Photo Credit: Luke Sharrett - Bloomberg - Getty Images

Miami, FL - Irma Spring, TX - Harvey

Th The C e Com

• mmu

munity nity Rat ating ng Sy System tem (CRS) S)

• Serves as an incentive for communities to buy

into the NFIP and strengthen flood resilience efforts

Class SFHA Discount Non-SFHA Discount Credit Conversion 1 45% 10% 4,500 + 2 40% 10% 4,000 – 4,499 3 35% 10% 3,500 – 3,999 4 30% 10% 3,000 – 3,499 5 25% 10% 2,500 – 2,999 6 20% 10% 2,000 – 2,499 7 15% 5% 1,500 – 1,999 8 10% 5% 1,000 – 1,499 9 5% 5% 500 – 999 10 0% 0% 0 - 499

• Special Flood Hazard Areas

(SFHA) – Are more at risk and receive a higher discount

• Homeowners outside of a SFHA

can earn up to 10% off flood insurance

• Credits are earned by

implementing flood mitigation practices

CRS RS Su Subscrib scribed ed Comm mmunitie unities

• 1. A community must be actively subscribed to

the NFIP

• 2. The community must exceed the minimum

NFIP standards of flood damage mitigation

1,391 Nationwide Miami-Dade County:22 Broward County:24 Palm Beach County:29 State of Florida:233

CRS RS Req equirement rements

Pre rescrib ribed ed CRS S Mi Miti tigation ation Pra ractice ctices

Public Information Mapping and Regulations Flood Damage Reduction Flood Preparedness CRS Mitigation Categories

• Elevation

Certificates

• Map information

services

• Relocating

properties within a floodplain

• Floodplain

mapping

• Open-space

preservation

• Levee

maintenance

• Dam

maintenance

Th The C e CRS S in n th the e Tri ri-County

• unty Ar

Area ea

Map Created By FIU Metropolitan Center

Map Created By FIU Metropolitan Center

Th The C e CRS S in n th the e Tri ri-County

• unty Ar

Area ea

Map Created By FIU Metropolitan Center

Th The C e CRS S in n th the e Tri ri-County

• unty Ar

Area ea

FIRMS RMS

Old ld FIRM RM vs vs. . New FIRM RM (15 5 Yea ears) s)

1994 1994 2009 2009

SOURCE: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00091001/00002/1x

FIRM RMS S Mia iami mi-Dade Dade County unty (2009) 2009)

Commissioner Diaz joined Mayor Manny Maroño and the council members of the City of Sweetwater at the groundbreaking ceremony of the storm water improvements Phase IV project. This last major phase of the drainage improvements will dramatically improve the flooding the city has faced over the years.

Massive flooding in 2000 High-Rise Living Near FIU 2017 Hurricane Irma- Flooding 2017

After a lengthy process of appeal, the City

• f Sweetwater

was classified into ZONE AH

Vulnerab nerable le Popu pulatio lations ns

SFHA Miami-Dade Broward Palm Beach

Zone A

Population in Poverty – 1,537 Older Population (55+) – 9,631 Child Population – 10,364 Disabled Population – 2,510 Non-English Speakers – 2,961 Zone A not present in Broward County. Population in Poverty – 1,802 Older Population (55+) – 16,121 Child Population – 10,779 Disabled Population – 4,032 Non-English Speakers – 834

Zone AE

Population in Poverty – 59,537 Older Population (55+) – 466,224 Child Population – 377,734 Disabled Population – 117,874 Non-English Speakers – 136,614 Population in Poverty – 39,566 Older Population (55+) – 457,372 Child Population – 353,458 Disabled Population – 131,825 Non-English Speakers – 29,917 Population in Poverty – 23,130 Older Population (55+) – 283,510 Child Population – 179,414 Disabled Population – 73,658 Non-English Speakers – 17,916

Zone AO

Zone AO not present in Miami-Dade County. Population in Poverty - 144 Older Population (55+) – 7,154 Child Population - 933 Disabled Population – 1,678 Non-English Speakers – 0 Population in Poverty – 1,831 Older Population (55+) – 29,198 Child Population – 23,560 Disabled Population – 6,454 Non-English Speakers – 1,425

Zone VE (Coastal)

Population in Poverty – 2,574 Older Population (55+) – 38,011 Child Population – 26,081 Disabled Population – 10,024 Non-English Speakers – 3,090 Population in Poverty - 519 Older Population (55+) – 23,741 Child Population – 3,989 Disabled Population – 5,770 Non-English Speakers – 224 Population in Poverty – 1,361 Older Population (55+) – 31,366 Child Population – 6,340 Disabled Population – 6,567 Non-English Speakers – 773

Zone AH

Population in Poverty – 53,674 Older Population (55+) – 375,234 Child Population – 298,717 Disabled Population – 95,478 Non-English Speakers – 145,814 Total Vul. Pop. – 968,917 (37%) Population in Poverty – 37,427 Older Population (55+) – 369,266 Child Population – 304,299 Disabled Population – 113,284 Non-English Speakers – 28,035 Total Vul. Pop. – 852,311 (46%) Population in Poverty – 2,345 Older Population (55+) – 46,827 Child Population – 20,679 Disabled Population – 11,385 Non-English Speakers – 962 Total Vul. Pop. – 82,198 (4%)

Compreh mprehensiv ensive e Pl Plans ns In n Flo lorida rida

Source: Geology.com

Miami-Dade CDMP is organized into 11 elements I. Land Use Element II. Transportation Element III. Housing Element IV. Conservation, Aquifer Recharge and Drainage Element V. Water, Sewer and Solid Waste Element VI. Recreation and Open Space Element VII. Coastal Management Element

• VIII. Educational Element

IX. Economic Element

CHANGING LANDSCAPES, 15 YEARS ALONG THE DEVELOPMENT BOUNDARY

1994 2009

CDMP MP Mia iami mi-Dade Dade 2020 020-203 2030

Source: Geology.com

The he Flo lorida ida Res esid ident ent Persp spect ectiv ive: e:

Annua nual l Hur urri rican cane Pre reparedness aredness an and Mitig tigat ation ion Poll

• Track changes in homeowner perceptions of

hurricane threat, risk and vulnerability

• Attitude towards mitigation measures
• Who should lead and/or be responsible for

mitigation

• Sea level rise – do residents believe it is
• ccurring?

Res espondent pondent Ch Charact aracteris eristics tics

600 respondents from coastal counties

• 6 percent of interviews in Spanish
• 78 percent in single family homes
• 89 percent homeowners
• 84 percent residing in Florida for 10+ years
• Two thirds live in homes built prior to 2002

Hurricane Experience: Tropical Storm: 13% and Minor hurricane (1 or 2): 20% Hurricane (3 and higher): 44% None: 19% Hurricane Damage: 39% had their home damaged, the majority with moderate or major damage (windows or roof)

Homeowners’ Views: Preparedness

• Only 36 percent consider their homes already prepared.
• 49 percent would begin to prepare when a hurricane

watch (29%) or a hurricane warning (20%) is issued.

• Approximately eight percent will not make any

additional preparations.

Although 90% of respondents reported their household’s preparation as adequate, just 51% of respondents were actually prepared by objective measures, and only with the basics.

Flashlight: 87% Water (one gallon pp per day): 75% Food (three-day supply): 81% Radio and batteries: 74% First aid kit: 77%

Culture ture of f Pr Prep eparedness? redness?

46% 54% 48% 50% 57% 46% 52% 87% 90% 93% 90% 93% 92% 92% 85% 85% 87% 70% 75% 61% 83% 28% 37% 40% 40% 38% 38% 36%

2006 2007 2009 2011 2013 2016 2017

Sa Sandy

Information access Plan of Action Perception of Vulnerability Evacuate if

• rdered

Up from 9% in 2015

• Only 7 percent do not know if their home is in a flood or

evacuation zone.

• But, of those who said they are not (63%), a quarter actually

are.

• Population in floodplain: Miami-Dade 48%, Broward

79%, Palm Beach 18%.

Awar areness eness

• One in nine homeowners (11%) are without

home insurance and of those who have it, 16% would cancel their insurance once their mortgage is paid off.

• 50% do not receive any discounts from their

insurance company for mitigation, and 13% are not aware of any discounts being offered.

Same as 2016 but up from 13% in 2015

Con

• nfiden

idence ce in Mi n Mitig tigation ation Ef Effor forts ts

67.8% 68.6% 74.6% 75.5% 83.5% New developments take into account flood risks Local land use planning takes into account hurricane risk New developments take into account hurricane wind risk Building codes are as strict as they should be to mitigate loss Local building codes are being enforced

Residents who have reasonable to high confidence that…

Se Sea a Level el Ri Rise

• 39% either do

not believe sea level rise is happening or they do not know, down from 50% in 2016.

• Only 26% think

they will be affected, up from 22% in 2016.

Up from 53% Up from 61% Up from 52% in 2015 Up from 48%

A great deal Some A little (minor role) Nothing (leading g role) (supporting role)

Federal Government

59% 23% 5% 13%

State government and agencies

68% 19% 4% 10%

Local governments near the coast

66% 21% 5% 8%

Businesses near the coast

52% 28% 8% 12%

Homeowners near the coast

57% 25% 9% 9%

Real estate developers

67% 17% 6% 10%

General public

42% 37% 8% 13%

Scientists

64% 21% 3% 13%

Wh What at shoul

• uld

d go govern ernmen ments ts do do? ?

27% 34% 39% 40% 49% 55%

Utilize land purchase/buyout programs. Utilize private land for public good [i.e. natural buffers such as dunes] Develop a climate adaptation plan. Create a national fund to help homeowners and local governments take action on sea level rise. Establish a legislative authority to better regulate development. Implement stricter elevation plans for homes in vulnerable areas.

40% in 2016 44% in 2016 37% in 2016 25% in 2016 25% in 2016 17% in 2016

The majority of those who believe government should take the leading role are willing to have taxes increased.

• 11% income
• 30% property
• 19% both income and

property

So Solu luti tions

• ns
• Stop growth or limit it
• Long-term control of urban development in

hazardous areas

• Strong building codes with elevation and

drainage requirements,

• Careful emergency preparations,
• A good network of roads for evacuation

Solutions continued…

• FEMA funding for projects aimed at avoiding future

losses.

• elevate properties,
• build flood barriers,
• strengthen roofs and windows against high winds,
• buyouts
• As a stopgap, communities should reconsider

construction on the oceanfront, on barrier islands and in flood-prone areas but communities are still increasing their tax base with development

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