Photovoltaic - Market & Product Gerenzano, November 2010 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Photovoltaic - Market & Product

Gerenzano, November 2010 GEFRAN Drive & Motion

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion

The Renewable Energies Introduction

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion November 2010

The PV Technology

Working concept of a PV control system

By the DRIVE it depends the POWER CONVERSION from the PV PANELS to the MAINS BETTER CONVERSION EFFICENCY with low LOSSES HIGHER PROFITABILITY of the PLANT INVESTMENT By the DRIVE it depends the POWER CONVERSION from the PV PANELS to the MAINS BETTER CONVERSION EFFICENCY with low LOSSES HIGHER PROFITABILITY of the PLANT INVESTMENT

The PV Inverter affects between the 5% and 10% on the whole value of the PV System

means

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PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATORS 2 WAYS COUNTER AC MAINS

GEFRAN Drive & Motion DC Power AC Power

• SOLAR CELL:
• PV Generator. The photovoltaic cells are mainly made of semiconductor material

(silicon) forming a sheets (wafer), assembled in modules and then in panel. A series connection of these panels forms the string and a parallel of these ones the generator (PV field). When placed under the sun, on the generators surface a magnetic field is generated, and consequently a flowing of DC current

PV Plants – Main Components

CELL MODULE PANEL STRING PV GENERATOR Many modules assembled in a common structure Many panels SERIES connected Many strings PARALLEL connected to obtain the needed power (kw) Many cells assembled in a common structure

PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR

The current of the PV system is the sum of the currents of the “n” strings parallel connected The voltage of the PV system is equal to the sum of the voltage of the panels or modules present on a single string

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• INVERTER
• The PV Inverter is the device that converts the DC current into AC current.

Is based on a AFE (Active Front End) technology, being the operation a traditional continuous recovering of energy towards the AC mains. The AFE technology is necessary also to produce a “clean energy” to be sento to the mains and then is mandatory a quite UNITARY COSFI and THD < 3%...5%

DC POWER AC POWER

PV Plants – Main Components

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• COUNTER (Meter)
• 1 or 2 WAYS Counter for all the grid-connected PV systems.

1 Way counter if there is only energy production 2 Ways counter if there is there is energy production but contemporary consumption by the users / producer. (eg domestic plants)

PV Plants – Main Components

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• PV String Box and String Main Switch:
• The String Box, is a “hub” for the parallel connection of the strings.

The electronic devices here implemented are used to detect the current of each string and eventual failures, allowing a continuous monitoring of the modules itself. The monitoring is normally carried out via RS485 Serial line communication, with the “data logger” and the inverter

PV Plants – Main Components

• The Main Switch of the string box is useful to section a single box for an eventual need
• f switch it off, allowing a disconnection of just a part of the PV plant

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• DATA LOGGER
• Remote diagnosis control system or “Data Logger” allows the remote monitoring

through a web connection of each single part of the plants and contemporary the trend

• f the power generation and the consequent earn in term of money.

The control of the plant is normally done on a dedicated web portal These devices are provided with a wide range of communication protocols such as Ethernet, GSM, ISDN, GPRS…

PV Plants – Main Components

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The PV System Configuration – Integration Level

• Reminding the share of the PV plant type in 3 main categories and users:
• Domestic & Small Commercial
• Factory & Public
• Utilities & PV Park:

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Fully integrated in the house architecture (Building Integrated o BIPV), where the system is integrated in structure such as roof. The modules used in this way, reduce at minimum the sight impact also being more expensive respect to the module for other installation typologies. Mainly used for Domestic & Small Commercial application Average power plants: 1,5kW….6kW (3kW is the most common) 10

Partially integrated or semi-integrated, where the modules are placed on the roofs, coverage, fronts, balusters, railings of the buildings, in such a way that no parts of the building architecture has to be modified or removed Mainly used for Factory & Public application Average power plants: 10kW….100kW

The PV System Configuration – Integration Level

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Not integrated or ground mounted, where the system is installed on the ground such as electric centrals or also on the building roofs but with a particular placing, that allows also through sun- follower devices the best exploitation of the sunlight in any moment of the day. These plants are distinguishing for the highest productivity being engineered with advanced technological tools Mainly used for Utilities & PV Park application Average power plants: >100kW (also MW)

The PV System Configuration – Integration Level

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• According to the direct access to the mains, the plants are divided as:
• OFF GRID: autonomous systems so called “island” because disconnected from the mains
• GRID CONNECTED: systems connected to the mains (also called on-grid)

Systems type: comparison off grid vs grid-connected

PV GENERATOR

In the systems off grid it is necessary the use of batteries (energy accumulator) to accumulate the electric energy and warranty the continuous delivery also in the period when the generator doesn’t produce energy (medium lifetime of the battery is 15 years) Othe important components are the “charge regulator” whose intallation preserve the battery from peak load and avoid also the discharge of the battery.

OFF GRID

GEFRAN Drive & Motion November 2010

In the grid-connecetd types, the system include also a counter (so called “meter”) to measure the energy cosumption of the system itself

PV GENERATOR

GRID-CONNECTED

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion November 2010

The Inverter Technology

The main duties of the inverter are the following

1.DC/AC Energy conversion 2.Clean power production through Unitary COSFI and THD < 3% 3.Synchronization of the output V & F with the one of the AC mains 4.Highest Efficiency of the system

The main Inverter Duties

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PV application: technological requirement for the inverter

Unitary Cosfi (Power Factor) the input current and voltage on the mains must be perfectly synchronized. This allows to avoid energy loss on the main and produce undesired noises. Mandatory. THDi 3% to limit the harmonic distortion, cause of overheating of components such as cables, transformers, capacitors and noises toward the AC main itself. The sinus waveform is perfect without any distortion Efficiency value: whose level define the capability to produce the highest quantity of energy, meaning the highest productivity corresponding to the best “PROFIT” for the

• user. The efficiency of the inverter is the traditional value defined by the output losses of

the power components due to their heating. The value is normally close to 97…98 % for the 1ph drive and around the 96% for the 3ph series with trafo and 98% trafoless *** MPPT Maximum Power Point Traking. The power of the PV module is a value difficult to be kept constant, being the sun an intermittent source of energy. For this reason the inverter in a wide range of operative conditions, has to follow in each instant the point of maximum power (MPPT), that means a target point on the V-I characteristic curve

• f the PV generator, for which is resulting the maximum power transfer towards

the load and the main. The MPPT is a specific control algorithm of the inverter for PV application

The main Inverter Duties

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Advantages:

• Safe and quality of the mains: best control
• f the current sent to the mains avoiding

DC current components

• The LV/LV transformer ensure the galvanic insulation with the AC mains
• It is normally mandatory for powers higher than 20kW and up to 100kW
• The LV/HV transformer in mandatory for powers over 100kW
• Furthermore, the trafo rises the voltage level to a value suitable for the delivery to the AC mains.

Note: for the single phase drive , the trafo is mandatory for powers > 6kw

The main Inverter Typologies

Inverter with internal transformer

460Vdc 400Vac

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion November 2010

Advantages:

• Higher level of efficiency (2% higehr)

thanks to the reduction of the trafo losses

• Lower cost of the inverter (better ROI for the

user)

• Lower weight of the inverter
• Are normally used in multi-inverter plants, where the distribution to the mains is performed

through a HV/HV transformer

• The three pahse inverter are available in a power range from 20kW up to 250kW and also

the single phase models have a line provided without trafo

• The trafoless inverter are in this case equipped with specific devices against the DC components

The main Inverter Typologies

Inverter “trafoless”

HV/HV Trafo 460Vdc 290Vac

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Inverter classification according to the plant configuration Multi-string Centralized Mono-string

Mono-String: the inverter is dedicated to only 1 string with its own MPPT to maximize the produced power

• f each string. Typical

applications are single phase plants < 10 KW. Multi-String: many strings are coupled and managed by 1 inverter having more MPPT channel (usually from 2 up to 3). It is used in plants with string oriented in different direction or inclination because subject to different quantities

• f irradiation. Typical applications are single

phase or three phase plants 20 kw Centralized: many strings are parallel connected on the DC side and 1 single centralized inverter with a single MPPT. This solution is ideal in case of PV plants with homogeneous

• structure. Typical applications

are three phase plants of mid- high powers

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The main Inverter Typologies

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Three Phase Centralized Inverter with Trafo Three Phase Centralized Inverter Trafoless

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The main Inverter Typologies

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Three Phase String Inverter with Trafo

22 Main Countries Certifications & Normatives “specific” for the connection to the Electrical Network of PV systems

France VDE 0126 C10/11 Germany VDE 0126-1-1 , EVU rules Italy DK5940 (ed. 2008) /Guida per le connessioni (ed. 2009) Spain Certificado Decreto Real RD 661/2007; RD 1663-2000 UNE-EN 50160. USA UL: UL 1741 e IEEE 1547 Others Australia (AS 47777); Austria (AS4777 D-TÜV Certificate); Greece (PPC); Great Britain (G 77; G83-1); Irlanda (CER/06/190) …

The grid connected PV inverter must be homologated in accordance with the different national and international directives, concerning the immission of energy into the net

Official CERTIFICATIONS

The certification rules are often different in several counties. The inverter manufactures are obliged to modify the products in order to be in compliance with these several rules

Others New On evaluation

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion November 2010

Domestic: the energy produced is used for the house needs, avoiding to pay the energy provider the energy in excess is sent to the AC mains and pay back this formula is normally named “exchange on the net”

Why and How making business in the PV

PV Business – The “technical business” model

Energy Exchange on the Net

The exchange on the net

“Total” energy produced that means on the inverter

• utput

Part of energy not consumed and then sold to the Energy Distributor Part of energy consumed by the user for his needs

House Energy produced Energy sold Energy Distributor Energy consumed Distributor Bonus Energy saved

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Advantages of a domestic “grid connected” plants

• Self –production of energy at zero cost

(the sunlight is free)

• Bill of energy distributor equal ZERO and protection

against price increase

• Government incentives

(Conto Energia for Italy but equivalent formula for any countries that apply the “PV economy”)

• Environment respect - CO² free

(reduction of gas emission)

Why and How making business in the PV

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PV Business – The “technical business” model

Factory & Public – Utilities & PV Park (Industries) the energy produced is mainly sold to the Energy Provider but in Factory & Public it is also used for internal use, adopting the “exchange on the net” formula

Why and How making business in the PV

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The PV value chain

End user

SYPPLIERS OF CABLES, METAL SUPPORTS CONNECTORS, ETC…

INVERTER SUPPLIERS * (*string box & accessories) CELL S& MODULES SUPPLIERS SILICON SUPPLIERS SYSTEM INTEGRATORS INSTALLERS EPC CONTRACTORS

DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL End user End user

THIN FILM SUPPLIERS

SYSTEM COMPONENTS ROW MATERIALS In the PV value chain, the role of the system integrators/contractors/installator is determining beign the direct interface with the end user and also a direct contact with the suppliers of the single components of the system

UTILITIES

End user

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion

• Of course the business, that is without any doubt….wide…growing and still open…
• Technology available for the “core control” (next slide)….
• Target on CENTRALIZED INVERTER (mid – high power) for Public….Utilities
• Basic know how already known….
• Favorable TIME to MARKET….

November 2010

Why Gefran in the PV Market ?

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GEFRAN - Renewable Energy Line

The “core technology” of the centralized inverter, has been derived from the Industrial line AFE200 line (Regen Unit Active Front End) The unit has been implemented in the PV system control, becoming a standard cabinet solution certified for the DK594 (Italian Normative)

November 2010

• 2 kW – 3,6 kW

Trafo 15 Kw – 20 Kw TL 20 kW - 30 kW Trafo & TL 55 kw Trafo & TL 100 kw Trafo & TL 250 kw Trafo & TL

PLANT DIMENSION

kW / MW

TL Modular Inverter for power Mw

Product range

APPLICATION / MARKET

GEFRAN Drive & Motion Control November 2010

Centralized String Centralized

GEFRAN - Renewable Energy Line

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion November 2010

GEFRAN - Renewable Energy Line Domestic & Industrial solution

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion

Main PLUS

GEFRAN - Renewable Energy Line

November 2010

Nominal working temperature up to 50° C without derating One of the Smaller foot-print in the market Filtering on the DC and AC side High rating of Efficiency Warranty & Maintenance contract extension Dedicated Insurance formula of the inverter against production Input Voltage at 1000Vdc (a few in the market) ……………………………..

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RADIUS - JBX Is the string-box for:

• the connection of the arrays
• the monitoring of the arrays
• the transmission of the data to the inverter

RADIUS - LOG Is the data-logger for:

• the monitoring of the PV plant
• the reporting of the PV working
• the alarms of the failed arrays
• the ambient measurements

GEFRAN Drive & Motion Control November 2010

GEFRAN - Renewable Energy Line

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion Control November 2010

Overview of a Remote PV System Control

GEFRAN - Renewable Energy Line

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Installed in the first 8 months 2010 (March – October)

• 40 MW
• 800 units (in the mix of 1ph and 3ph)
• Today Orders for 50MW
• 60MW (installed) forecast within 2010

Target Turnover 11,8 ML €

GEFRAN Drive & Motion Control November 2010

GEFRAN - Renewable Energy Line

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Marketing Documentation and Sales Tools

Catalogue: Solar Service: Video: SW Plant configurator (Radius Planner): Benchmarking analysis:

To translate To translate To translate

• nly in english

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• nly in english

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Totem:

To translate To translate

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Web site

www.radius-gefran.com

Country-specific adaptations to implement:

• Customized international

e-mail to be created and be linked to all the contacts registered through “newsletter” form, “contact us” form and “reserved area”

• Let each subsidiary/Area

Manager access to its own newsletter , customize it and send it

• Let the subsidiary/Area

Manager update the contents of the “news” and “blog” area

• Let the subsidiary/Area

Manager view, import and export the country-specific database of contacts

Planned “Google Adv Words” campaigns in each target country Planned “Google Adv Words” campaigns in each target country

To do within the end of 2010 To do within the end of 2010

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion May 2010

The Competitors

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Some of the main competitors…..domestic lines

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Some of the main competitors…..industrial lines

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion November 2010

Competitors

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Competitors

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GEFRAN Drive & Motion November 2010

THANKS