Philippines Rice Breeding and Production Elvira D. Morales Plant - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Aug 09, 2023 237 likes •470 views

Philippines Rice Breeding and Production Elvira D. Morales Plant Variety Protection Office Philippines O GOAL Increase productivity in the different rice growing ecosystems O OBJECTIVE To identify high yielding rice lines with tolerance to

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Philippines Rice Breeding and Production

Elvira D. Morales Plant Variety Protection Office Philippines

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O GOAL O OBJECTIVE

Increase productivity in the different rice growing ecosystems To identify high yielding rice lines with tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and good grain quality that can adapt to the different rice growing ecosystems

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Plant Breeding Priorities

O Increasing yield potential O Multiple resistance to diseases and insects O Increasing tolerance for abiotic Stresses O Superior quality O Appropriate growth duration O Efficient nutrient uptake and utilization O Adaptation to climate change

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Breeding Centers

IRRI
UPLB
PhilRice
Other private companies

Breeding Centers

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Roll of breeding centers

Generate promising lines and submit to national programs for test in specific regions/sites  a line performing better than commercially cultivated varieties = recommended for release as new variety The agency sponsoring the line for release provides the breeder seed for foundation seed production.

Role of Breeding Centers

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BREEDING PROGRAMS

O DEVELOPMENT OF IRRIGATED LOWLAND RICE

Transplanted Inbred Rice
Direct seeded Inbred Rice

O DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID RICE O DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL PURPOSE RICE O Variety development for rainfed, upland and

abiotic stress-prone environments

Breeding Programs

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Strategies and breeding methods

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Conventional hybridization and selection procedures

Basic, time-tested
To generate and utilize existing

genetic variation

Generates a wide array of

combinations of the genes coming from the parent plants

Cross-pollination followed by several

cycles of selection and self- pollination  stable promising lines  candidate varieties

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Biotechnology
increasing breeding efficiency
improving resistance/tolerance to biotic &

abiotic stresses

Molecular marker technology
using marker-aided selection
germplasm characterizations
Induced mutations
In vitro techniques- developing lines for adverse

environments

Physical & Chemical mutagenesis
Genetic engineering
cloning/introduction of important genes
Wide hybridization
transferring resistance genes

Cutting-edge Technology Development in support to breeding

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IRRI UPLB PhilRice Rice Technical Working Group Multi-location Tests (NCT)

Yield Trial
Insect Screening
Disease Screening
Grain Quality Evaluation

Evaluates results of NCT, drop and accept new entries Recommends promising entries Approve release

f new varieties

Technical Secretariat National Seed Industry Council PRIVATE

Process of Varietal Release at the NCT

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Hybridization of selected parents Year 1

Breeding objectives

Segregating population Performance Trial

Year 2-3 Year 4-6 NCT Phase I (on-station) MAT (on-farm) New variety for release Farmers Grain millers & retailers Consumers

NSIC

Year 7-8.5

Year 9

Year 9.5-11

Seed Increase (Breeding Institution) Basic Seed Production (PBBD) Breeder/Foundation SP(IGO) Foundation/Registered SP(IGO/Seed Net/Seed Growers) Year 12 Certified Seeds

Varietal Development and Release

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The testing sites ...

Composition (57) Composition (57)

The Philippine Rice R&D Network The Philippine Rice R&D Network

2 national centers
6 branch stations
12 regional

research stations

37 cooperating

stations

Testing Sites…..

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Period Irrigated lowland Rainfed lowland Upland Cool elevated Saline TOTAL

1968-1988 43 4 7

1990-2010 87 17 6 6 13 129 2011-2013 57 11 1

82 TOTAL 187 32 14 6 26 265

Number of Recommended Varieties by Ecosystem from 1968 to 2013

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Trends in Philippine Rice Production

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Classes of Seed

Breeder Seed Registered Seed Certified Seed comes directly from plant breeder grown from breeder seed grown from foundation seed grown from either foundation, registered or certified seed grown from certified and maybe used in times of emergencies Seed that are of seed increase status as determined by the RTWG Good Quality Seed Foundation Seed

Classes of Seeds

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Paddy yield, 2000-2011

Yield peaked in 2007 at 3.80 mt/ha. Highest yield was 4.21 mt/ha in irrigated areas; 2.98 mt/ha in non-irrigated areas. 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Irrigated Non-irrigated All Ecosystems

mt/ha 3.07 3.80 3.68

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GROWTH IN YIELD

Growth (in mt/year) 2000-2010 2010-2011 All Ecosystems 63 55 Irrigated 58 36 Non-Irrigated 66 146 Growth (in %) 2000-2010 2010-2011 All Ecosystems 1.83 1.54 Irrigated 1.53 0.90 Non-Irrigated 2.53 5.36

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HARVEST AREA, 2000-2011

Harvest area grew by 12% in the last 12 years. Irrigated areas comprised 68%.

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Irrigated Non-irrigated

M ha ha

4.04 4.54

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GROWTH IN HARVEST AREA

Growth (in mt/year) 2000-2010 2010-2011 All Ecosystems 47,773 182,481 Irrigated 38,655 64,312 Non-Irrigated 9,118 118,169 Growth (in %) 2000-2010 2010-2011 All Ecosystems 1.13 4.24 Irrigated 1.35 2.15 Non-Irrigated 0.66 9.07

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Paddy Production, 2000-2011

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Irrigated Non-irrigated

M mt mt

12.39 16.82 16.68

Production grew by 35% in the last 12 years. Irrigated areas contributed 74%.

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GROWTH IN PRODUCTION

Growth (in mt/year) 2000-2010 2010-2011 All Ecosystems 428,236 911,743 Irrigated 314,394 366,472 Non-Irrigated 113,842 545,271 Growth (in %) 2000-2010 2010-2011 All Ecosystems 2.96 5.78 Irrigated 2.88 3.06 Non-Irrigated 3.19 14.43

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