P bli P bli Public Soybean Public Soybean S S b b Breeding - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

P bli S b P bli S b Public Soybean Public Soybean Breeding Research in Breeding Research in Breeding Research in Breeding Research in a Private Variety World a Private Variety World a Private Variety World a Private Variety World

Brian Diers Brian Diers Randy Nelson Ram Singh St ll K t t i Stella Kantartzi

Outline Outline Outline Outline

• Why public soybean breeding programs

are needed are needed.

• Variety release and breeding research

t SIU at SIU.

• Variety releases and breeding research

at IU.

• Wide hybridization results.

y

Public Soybean Public Soybean Breeding Breeding Public Soybean Public Soybean Breeding Breeding

Wh t i th l f bli

• What is the role of public

soybean breeders in the 21st century? 21 century?

• Most soybean acres are

planted with cultivars planted with cultivars developed in the private sector.

• Private sector has a large

research enterprise in soybean biotechnology.

Role of Public Breeders Role of Public Breeders Role of Public Breeders Role of Public Breeders

• Role of public breeders
• Role of public breeders.

– Public and private breeders and USB met breeders and USB met during June of 2008 to discuss the role of public discuss the role of public breeders. – There was good g consensus for what the future priorities should be for public programs.

Role of Public Breeders Role of Public Breeders

• Educate future plant breeders and

agricultural professionals. – Severe shortage of plant breeders in the US in the US.

• Release varieties for niche markets–

including nonGMO markets.

– RR1 a niche market?

• Develop germplasm with an emphasis
• n using new diversity (genes) from
• n using new diversity (genes) from

the soybean germplasm collection.

• Interact with other disciplines to

improve our understanding of economic traits.

Development of High Yielding non Development of High Yielding non-

• GM Soybean Varieties at SIU

GM Soybean Varieties at SIU GM Soybean Varieties at SIU GM Soybean Varieties at SIU Stella Kantartzi Stella Kantartzi

1.

Release a new variety LS03-4294 with SDS, SCN, and frog eye leaf spot resistance.

2

Start intra-cultivar selection within the most

2.

Start intra-cultivar selection within the most high-yield, high-quality varieties with a package

• f

resistance to major diseases (SDS, SCN, FLS etc.).

Identifying high-yielding non-GM varieties Stage Lines Locations

1

PYI 494 Carbondale Valmeyer

(SDS, SCN, FLS etc.).

1.

PYI 494 Carbondale Valmeyer

2.

IYT 142 7 environments Belleville Carmi

3.

AYT 110 Sandoval Harrisburg Ullin

Development of SDS Resistant Development of SDS Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIU Soybean Varieties at SIU

• Phenotype evaluate RIL (F

) populations

• Phenotype, evaluate RIL (F5:8) populations

derived from crosses of SIU lines × ‘Spencer’ and select the most promising lines for yield p g y potential, quality (protein and oil content) and resistance to SDS

• Phenotype, evaluate and genotype advanced

inbred lines for SDS resistance and other i i t t h t agronomic important characters

• Confirm the presence of known QTLs linked to

SDS i t d l t ith SDS resistance genes and locate new ones with genome-wide molecular genotyping

Development of Frog Eye Leaf Spot Development of Frog Eye Leaf Spot Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIU Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIU

• LS01-1987 x LN97-15076 (F3)
• LS04-27138 x LN97-15076 (F3)

24 d d b di li (AYT 2008

• 24 advanced breeding lines (AYT 2008:

47.3-68.0 bushels/acre) that have screened for FLS resistance will be :

• Selected for their crop yield potential (yield

per plant, stability of performance and adaptability) and adaptability) and

• Phenotyped and genotyped for releasing the

best ones as new varieties after further yield testing testing

Development and Identification of Development and Identification of Li R i t t t Ch l R t t SIU Li R i t t t Ch l R t t SIU Lines Resistant to Charcoal Rot at SIU Lines Resistant to Charcoal Rot at SIU

New crosses between resistant and New crosses between resistant and susceptible lines to Macrophomina phaseolina : p  DT97-4290 x LS03-4294  DT97-4290 x LS06-3968  DT97-4290 x LG04-6000  DT97-4290 x LS03-4294 have been made

• Seed was sent to Puerto Rico for the

development of F2 populations

• Early generation selection will start in

summer of 2010

Screening for Virus Resistance and Development of BPMV Resistant Development of BPMV Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIU

• Viruses are emerging as a major problem in

soybean, especially those that are seed-borne. y , p y

• Advanced selections are being screened for

viruses that cause significant losses and are seed borne (Bean pod mottle Soybean mosaic seed-borne (Bean pod mottle, Soybean mosaic, Alfalfa mosaic, Tobacco streak etc).

• Bean pod mottle resistant Glycine tomentella

p y accessions are used to identify the resistance gene and make crosses with SIU soybean accessions to incorporate resistance to the virus accessions to incorporate resistance to the virus.

UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases

• Released 5 varieties in 2009
• Released 5 varieties in 2009.

– All SCN resistant, 2 soybean aphid resistant 4 nonGMO and 1 Roundup resistant, 4 nonGMO and 1 Roundup Ready.

• Released 5 varieties in 2010
• Released 5 varieties in 2010.

– All SCN resistant, 3 soybean aphid resistant 3 nonGMO and 2 Roundup resistant, 3 nonGMO and 2 Roundup Ready.

• Lines are being released for branding
• Lines are being released for branding

by commercial companies.

UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases

• Maturity group II lines. RR1, SCN

resistant, and aphid resistant with Rag1.

Yield Maturity Lodging

Entry Bu/A

Rank date score

Entry Bu/A

Rank date score

AG2403 44.5

16 9-26 1.3

AG2002 52.5

12 1.2

AG2607 55.6

5 2 1.4

LD06-30504Ra 54.0

7 3 1.3

LD06 30505R 58 3

1 5 1 6

LD06-30505Ra 58.3

1 5 1.6

Aphid Resistance Ratings Aphid Resistance Ratings

Entry Aphid score Dwight 3.2 Ina 3.6 Loda 3.3 Williams 82 3.4 LD05-16657 1.5 LD06-16721 1 3 LD06-16721 1.3 LD06-30504Ra 1.4 LD06-30505Ra 1.3 LSD(0 05) 0 58 LSD(0.05) 0.58

Rating were done on a 1-4 scale with 1 = few solitary aphids present, 2 = several transient aphids present 3 = dense colonies and 4 = 2 = several transient aphids present, 3 = dense colonies, and 4 = dense colonies accompanied by plant damage.

SCN and SDS Ratings SCN and SDS Ratings

IL SCN screening SIU SDS HG 0 HG 2.5.7 Havana G 0 G 5 a a a Entry FI rating FI rating DX AG2403 81 NR 77 NR 35 AG2002 6 HR 81 NR 17 AG2002 6 HR 81 NR 17 AG2607 23 R 73 NR 26 NEX2905A0R 81 NR 75 NR 9 LD06-30504Ra 3 HR 53 LR 3 LD06-30505Ra 2 HR 63 NR 2

UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases UI Variety Releases

• Maturity group III line. Conventional, SCN

i t t

Regional Results Region Region

resistant.

Yield Maturity Lodging Height Protein Oil

COMPANY NAME* bu/a Date in @13% @13% DAIRYLAND DSR-3590* 62.4 9/29 2.2 39 35.4 18.1 U of I LD04-13265 66 5 10/1 2 0 33 34 6 18 9 U of I LD04-13265 66.5 10/1 2.0 33 34.6 18.9 FS HISOY HS 34C90 68.9 9/29 1.9 34 34.3 19.3 FS HISOY HS 38C60 64.3 10/7 2.6 40 36.3 17.9 HORIZON H 331 N 58.3 9/30 2.1 38 34.3 19.4 PIONEER 93M14* 63.5 9/26 2.4 35 35.5 18.7 PIONEER 93M52* 64.0 9/29 2.7 38 35.5 18.8 PIONEER 93M62* 66.3 10/1 2.5 35 35.3 19.5 PUBLIC WILLIAMS 82* 47.4 10/7 3.0 40 35.8 18.5 STINE 3300-2* 65.3 9/27 2.3 35 34.0 19.5 STINE 3308 2* 64 9 10/5 2 7 39 36 1 18 1 STINE 3308-2 64.9 10/5 2.7 39 36.1 18.1 AVERAGE 63.3 10/1 2.3 36 35.1 18.6 L.S.D. 25% LEVEL 2.3 0.2 1 0.46 0.20

Sources of SCN Resistance for Maturity Sources of SCN Resistance for Maturity Group II to IV Varieties Group II to IV Varieties Group II to IV Varieties Group II to IV Varieties

PI 88788 94% PI 88788 + Peking Peking PI 437654 Peking + PI 437654 437654

These data are from the 2008 extension publication “Soybean varieties with These data are from the 2008 extension publication Soybean varieties with soybean cyst nematode resistance” by Marion Shier, Crop Systems Unit Educator, Livingston County Extension Unit.

Overuse of PI 88788 Overuse of PI 88788 Resistance Resistance

• SCN isolates have adapted to PI 88788

SCN resistance. SCN resistance.

– 70% of the SCN positive soil samples from Illinois could overcome PI 88788 resistance.

• PI 88788 overuse is a result of its

success.

– SCN resistance and high yield combined with this source with this source.

SCN Resistance from SCN Resistance from G.

• G. soja

soja

SCN resistance was

• SCN resistance was

identified from wild b (G j ) PI soybean (G. soja) PI 468916.

• Two resistance

genes were mapping g pp g from wild soybean.

Resistance of Lines in a BC4 Resistance of Lines in a BC4 Population Segregating for Population Segregating for G soja G soja Population Segregating for Population Segregating for G. soja

• G. soja

QTL (HG Type 0) QTL (HG Type 0)

100 120 60 80 100

e Index

20 40

Female

Res E, Res G Res E, Sus G Sus E, Res G Sus E, Sus G

R i t t l ifi ti Resistant classifications

New SCN Gene New SCN Gene C bi ti C bi ti Combinations Combinations

• Can broad-based SCN resistance

be developed by combining genes be developed by combining genes from different resistance sources? C bi f G j ith

• Combine genes from G. soja with

those from PI 88788 or PI 437654.

Effects of Effects of rhg1 rhg1 from PI 88788 from PI 88788 and Two and Two G.

• G. soja

soja Genes Genes

Resistance Gene SCN Isolate

h 1 G G T T 5 7 T rhg1 G. soja LG G G. soja LG E Type 0 (PA3) Type 5.7 (PA1) Type 2.5.7 (PA5)

• ----Female Index-----

S S S 97 83 81 S S S 97 83 81 R S S 21 65 85 R R R 20 28 16

Effects of Effects of rhg1 rhg1 from PI 437654 from PI 437654 and Two and Two G.

• G. soja

soja Genes Genes

Resistance Gene SCN Isolate

h 1 G G T T T rhg1 G. soja LG G G. soja LG E Type 2.5.7 (PA3) Type 2.5.7 (PA1) Type 2.5.7 (PA5)

• ----Female Index-----

S S S 60 107 104 S S S 60 107 104 R S S 43 31 44 R R R 19 12 14

Utilization of Wild Perennial Utilization of Wild Perennial Glycine Glycine Species Species – Ram Singh and Ram Singh and Glycine Glycine Species Species – Ram Singh and Ram Singh and Randy Nelson Randy Nelson

• Wild perennial species likely have unique genes

for resistance to pests and pathogens and p p g tolerance to abiotic stresses not available in soybean.

• Only a limited number of perennial species have

been screened for these traits.

• Genetics of abiotic and biotic stresses needs to

be studied.

• This is long term research that is not being

conducted by private industry.

Traits of Economic Importance in Traits of Economic Importance in Wild Perennial Species Wild Perennial Species Wild Perennial Species Wild Perennial Species

• Resistant to pests:
• Resistant to pests:
• Soybean cyst nematode
• Soybean aphid
• Resistant to pathogens:
• Soybean rust
• Sudden death syndrome
• Sudden death syndrome
• Phytophthora root rot
• Soybean brown spot

B d ttl i

• Bean pod mottle virus
• White mold
• Tolerance to abiotic stress:

Tolerance to abiotic stress:

• Drought
• Problem soils (salt)

Glycine Glycine tomentella tomentella; PI 441001 (2n=78) ; PI 441001 (2n=78)

Australia Australia Dwight Soybean Soybean PI rust rust 441001 Dwight PI bean bean hid hid PI 441001 Soyb Soyb aph aph

X

Sterile Sterile

04H1-2 Glycine tomentella Glycine tomentella Soybean 2n=40 Soybean 2n=40 y 2n=78 2n=78

F1;

1; 2n=59

2n=59

X

Soybean 2n=40 Soybean 2n=40

Amphidiploid; Amphidiploid; 2n=118 2n=118

Soybean 2n=40 Soybean 2n=40

M lti l h t i M lti l h t i Multiple shoots in Multiple shoots in culture culture

2n=79; 40 Dwight + 39 PI441001 2n=79; 40 Dwight + 39 PI441001 X BC BC2 seed seed g X

Soybean 2n=40 Soybean 2n=40

Soybean rust Soybean rust resistant resistant Soybean rust Soybean rust susceptible susceptible BC BC BC BC3 seed seed 06H1-3 (BC2;) BC BC3 seeds seeds 06H1 06H1-

• 3 (BC

3 (BC2; ; 2n=56 2n=56) H1-1 (BC2; 2n=58) 06H1 06H1-

• 1 (BC

1 (BC2; ; 2n=58) 2n=58) 2n=58) 2n=58) 2n=58) 26 26 07H1 07H1-

• 2

(BC (BC2) 2n=56 2n=56

08H15-29 (2n=42) ( ) 1) 2 (2n=41 9H70-2 2n=40) 9H70-4 n=41) 9H70-12 09 (2 09 (2n 09

07H5 07H5 8 (2 41) 8 (2 41)

2n=42 2n=42

07H5 07H5-8 (2n=41) 8 (2n=41) 07H6-3 (2n=41)

Derived lines from soybean x Derived lines from soybean x Glycine tomentella Glycine tomentella (PI 441001) (PI 441001) growing in field; August 2009 growing in field; August 2009

Conclusions Conclusions – – Perennial Perennial Germplasm Germplasm Research Research

B k li i h G t t ll b k d

• Backcross lines with G. tomentella background

carrying resistance to phytophthora, SDS and soybean rust were identified soybean rust were identified.

• Backcross lines with increased or decreased

protein and oil content were identified. p ote a d o co te t e e de t ed

• Will continue testing backcross lines for

resistance to pests, seed quality and abiotic stresses (drought and salt).

A k l d t A k l d t Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

• Research was supported by:

– Illinois Soybean Checkoff y Board. – United Soybean Board. – North Central Soybean Research Program – USDA-NRI competitive grant program.

Public Soybean Breeding in Public Soybean Breeding in 2010 and Beyond 2010 and Beyond

• Soybean breeders have

available the soybean y sequence and other genomics resources. g

• Entire soybean

germplasm collection germplasm collection (19,000 accessions) will be genotyped with 50 000 be genotyped with 50,000 SNP markers.

Public Soybean Breeding in Public Soybean Breeding in 2010 d B d 2010 d B d 2010 and Beyond 2010 and Beyond

• Breeder genomicist
• Breeder-genomicist-

molecular biologists collaborations can be collaborations can be productive.

The identification of the – The identification of the effects of genes require phenotyping and breeders phenotyping and breeders are ideally suited for high throughput phenomics (especially for traits of economic importance).

Variety Releases Variety Releases Variety Releases Variety Releases

• A major focus of the UI
• A major focus of the UI

and SIU soybean breeding programs is breeding programs is the development of conventional (nonGMO) conventional (nonGMO) varieties with disease and pest resistance and pest resistance.