CORN & SOYBEAN PRODUCTION UPDATES Angela McClure Extension - - PDF document

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CORN & SOYBEAN PRODUCTION UPDATES

Angela McClure Extension Corn and Soybean Specialist

Crop Insurance Planting Dates-2014

Old Corn Dates New Corn for Grain Dates

Full coverage- West TN counties Mar 21-May 20

Mar 21- May 20

Full coverage- TN River and East counties same

Mar 21-May 25

Partial coverage window (late plant period) 25 additional days

15 additional days

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Expected for 2014

■Some decrease in corn acres

• Price $4.10-$4.50
• Profit will come by reducing costs or increasing

yield or both

■More soybean and cotton acres

• Soybean price $11.00+
• More full season soybeans?

■Less wheat planted this fall

• Wheat price >$6.00

“No-Cost” ways to Produce More Corn in a Low Price Market…

• Target productive fields for corn
• Plant as early as practical
• Wait it out if fields are too wet to

plant

• Plant corn deep enough (target 2”)
• Cover seed to reduce stress and

injury

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Plant Early for Best Corn Yield….

(Nonirrigated test; Milan, REC; Dekalb 63-84 VT3) 210 216 180 186 166 112 95 176 182 140 139 115 47 65 63 82 42 31 118 95 55 245 233 228 225 212 215 180 50 100 150 200 250 L Mar E Apr L Apr E May L May E Jun L Jun 2010 2011 2012 2013

Uniform Spacing Uniform Emergence

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Effect of Planting Speed on Yield (Miss State, 2013)

• Planter speed 3, 4, 5 or 6 mph

for reduced stand uniformity

• 4.5 bushels less for each mile

increase in speed with JD 30 cell metering system

• 3 bushels less for each mile

increase in speed with eSet Precision planting system

Corn Yield– Narrow Row Corn

REC Milan 2013; Planted Apr 8

50 100 150 200 250 93 RM 106 RM 111 RM 35K- 15" 35K-30" 40K -15" 40 K-30"

* * * * * *

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Use the Right N rate- Set Realistic Yield Goals for your field

Expected Grain Yield Nitrogen (lbs/acre) Lbs N per bushel of grain 100-125 bushels 120 1.2- 0.96 125-150 bushels 150 1.2- 1.00 150-175 bushels 180 1.2- 1.03 175-200 bushels 210 1.2- 1.05 200-225 bushels 240 1.2- 1.07

Corn after Corn

• Fertilize for field potential—use full N rates.
• Pick hybrid with good stalk strength,

disease resistance to Gray leaf spot, diplodia, etc. Bt for rootworm, corn borer if needed

• Foliar fungicide may be necessary

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Increasing Liquid/UAN Efficiency with Placement

• Good option-

Irrigate in or inject below soil

• OK- Surface band;

reduces surface volatilization

• Worst- Surface

Broadcast unless using stabilizer

Increasing Granular Urea Efficiency

■Placement-

• Irrigate into soil within 24 hrs to 2 days
• 0.2” water to move into top 1” soil
• 1.2” water to move into top 6” of soil

■Protection- use good Nitrogen stabilizer when

surface spreading

■Timing-

• Split apply fertilizer >120 lbs

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N Stabilizers

Product Rate How it Works Agrotain Ultra (Agrotain Intl) 3 qt per ton of urea Urease inhibitor block NH4 formation Nutrisphere N (SFP) ½ gallon per ton of urea Urease inhibitor and denitrification inhibitor N-Zone (AgXplore) 4 qts per ton

• f urea

Keep in NH4 form longer

Corn response to N Timing

(irrigated field Milan REC; 2012 and 2013)

N Treatment

Dry Year (Bu/A) Wet Year (Bu/A) 220 lbs Am Nitrate At Planting 256 a 255 c 80 lbs Am Nitrate At Plant fb 140 lbs Am Nitrate @ V5 254 a 256 bc 180 lbs/A total At Plant and @V5 with 40 lbs/A pre-tassel 262 a 267 ab

Gross $$$ from pre-tassel 8 bu X $7.28/bu= $58/A 11 bu X $4.75/bu=$53/A 28% UAN 3.1 lbs N/gal 13 gal X 3.1X 0.6= $24

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UT Phosphate and Potash recommendations “Maintain vs Build philosophy”

Soil Test Level P205 lb/A K20 lb/A Corn Soybean Corn Soybean High Medium 50-90 20 50-90 40 Low 100-180 40 100-180 80

Soil test= 7 ppm Su (L) Cool, rainy year Xtra Nitrogen and Su uptake?

No N Buffer

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Addition of Sulfur and Yield (Milan REC 2013; non-irrigated field; S deficient soil)

Sulfur Rate Corn Soybean (Bu/A) (Bu/A) 163.3 50.3 10 lbs S 194.5 50.4 20 lbs S 198.1 51.6 30 lbs S 190.8 49.7

Ammonium sulfate applied to achieve each rate; Xtra N was added to balance N added with ammonium sulfate.

Narrow Row Effect on Soybean Yields

2005 (wet yr) 2006 (wet yr) 2007 (dry yr) All Yrs.

Bushels Increase with 15” rows vs 30” rows

Late MG3 + 5 + 5 + 0 + 3.3 Early MG4 + 5.2 + 3.8 + 1.3 + 3.4 Late MG4 + 8 + 3 + 1 + 4 Early MG5 + 7.2 + 6.1 + 2.4 + 5.2 USDA/ARS and UT row spacing data included; 2 -3 varieties per MG per year replicated 4 times

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Narrow Row response in Soybean

(2013; yield increase with 15”)

12.9 8.7 9.7 13.3 8.2 10.9 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 93Y92 94Y23 94Y61 94Y70 94Y80 95Y10

Bu Increase

Soybean variety, row spacing, and seeding rate- skip row soybeans (Verbree and McClure)

Skip Rows Skip Rows

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Planting Date X Maturity Group for an Increased Soybean Yield (Verbree et. al 2013)

■3 years ■6 states in project (AR, LA, MS, TN, MO,

TX)

■4 planting dates/location (72 environments) ■4 maturity groups/planting date ■4 varieties/maturity group (16 varieties

total)

■Irrigated fields- 30” rows

Soybean MG/PD Study – 30” rows

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Irrigated Planting Date Study-Yield

(Jackson REC, 2013; 15” rows planted Apr 23 and May 28) 78.3 84 76.5 75 72.7 80.5 74.9 72.7 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 P93Y92 P94Y23 P47T36 P95Y10 April May

Dryland Planting Date Study-Yield

(Jackson REC, 2013; 15” rows planted Apr 23 and May 28) 93.6 93 82 84.1 78.9 76.3 74.6 68.3 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 P93Y92 P94Y23 P47T36 P95Y10 April May

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Plant Date and Plant Height

(Jackson REC, 2013; 15” rows planted Apr 23 and May 28) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Irrigated Dryland April May inches

Wheat Fertility Recommendations

Nitrogen should be applied from 45 to 90 lbs per acre. 15‐30 lbs at planting followed by 30‐60 lbs top‐ dress. ‐ Can count N from DAP fertilizer. Corn leftover?? ‐ Apply top‐dress from Feb.15‐Mar.30 before wheat begins to joint. ‐Consider splitting top‐dress if wheat is planted after Nov. 15 or when there are less than 4 tillers per plant in early January.

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Palisade on Wheat- 2013

(WTREC, Jackson)

■Small height difference between unsprayed ■No lodging in plots ■Positive results in other states ■EC formulation 10.5 to14.4 oz/Acre ■Spray between Feekes 5 and 7 (early timing or

when rapidly growing seems best)

■Yield improvement probably only when lodging is

severe

Questions???