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Comparative Evaluation
- f Modelling Platforms
and Tools for Biofuel Life Cycle Assessment
Jon Albert Obnamia Ph.D. Student University of Toronto
Comparative Evaluation of Modelling Platforms and Tools for Biofuel - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Comparative Evaluation of Modelling Platforms and Tools for Biofuel - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Comparative Evaluation of Modelling Platforms and Tools for Biofuel Life Cycle Assessment Jon Albert Obnamia Ph.D. Student University of Toronto Corn Stover Ethanol Corn Grain Corn Crop Biomass to Ethanol Plant Corn Stover LCA of Corn
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LCA of Corn Stover Ethanol
“Well-to-Wheel” (WTW) Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Farming/Residue Collection Transportation Conversion Process Transportation
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Modelling Tools for LCA
LCA System Boundary Corn Stover Ethanol
Input Chemical 1 Input Chemical 2 Input Energy 1 Output Fuel Output Co-Product Output Emissions
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Modelling Tools for LCA
Fuel Life Cycle Modelling Tool: GHGenius (Canadian - NRCan) Fuel Life Cycle Modelling Tool: GREET (US – ANL)
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Comparison 1: Default GHGenius and GREET Fuels
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Gasoline 10% Corn Ethanol 10% Corn Stover Ethanol 85% Corn Ethanol 85% Corn Stover Ethanol
gCO2eq per km
Life Cycle (WTW) GHG Emissions – Default Fuel Performance
GHGenius GREET
41% difference 6 - 8% difference
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Comparison 1: Default GHGenius and GREET Fuels
2011 NREL Aspen Plus Process Model: Corn Stover to Ethanol
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50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Gasoline 10% Corn Ethanol 10% Corn Stover Ethanol 85% Corn Ethanol 85% Corn Stover Ethanol
gCO2eq per km
Life Cycle (WTW) GHG Emissions – Enzyme Modification
GHGenius GREET
Comparison 2-A: Enzyme Dose GHGenius and GREET Fuels
50% difference 6 - 9% difference 6.2 g enzymes per dry kg of corn stover
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Enzyme Input in GHGenius
GHGenius Enzyme System
Glucose Water Corn Steep Liquor Ammonia INPUTS Enzymes OUTPUT
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50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Gasoline 10% Corn Ethanol 10% Corn Stover Ethanol 85% Corn Ethanol 85% Corn Stover Ethanol
gCO2eq per km
Life Cycle (WTW) GHG Emissions – Enzyme Modification
GHGenius GREET
Comparison 2-B: Enzyme Dose GHGenius and GREET Fuels
44% difference 6 - 9% difference 6.2 g enzymes per dry kg of corn stover
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50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Gasoline 10% Corn Ethanol 10% Corn Stover Ethanol 85% Corn Ethanol 85% Corn Stover Ethanol
gCO2eq per km
Life Cycle GHG Emissions - Comparison
GHGenius GREET
Comparison 3: Ethanol Yield, Electricity Product, Electric Grid
28% difference 6 - 8% difference 327 L EtOH/tonne stover 0.480 kWh/L EtOH US Midwest Grid
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Potential Causes for Divergence
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
g per L E100 Farming and Biofuel Production Parameters
GHGenius GREET
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Potential Causes for Divergence
Material GHGenius GREET Ammonia 2888 2723 Corn Steep Liquor No Data 2012 Diammonium Phosphate 659 1702 Enzymes 9356 3562 Glucose 1897 415 Lime 924 1301 Molasses No Data 220 Sodium Hydroxide 1968 2763 Sulphuric Acid 216 52.4 Fermenting Microorganism 1235 2860
GHG Emissions Factor (gCO2eq/kg material)
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Acknowledgements
This research is funded by BioFuelNet Canada, a network focusing on the development of advanced biofuels and associated bioproducts. BioFuelNet is a member of the Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada program. Website: www.biofuelnet.ca
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US Corn Stover Density Map
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Biomass Map - Canada
300 600km Legend Land Cover Mixed forest Broadleaf forest Open water Transitional forest Coniferous forest Tundra Barren land Snow/Ice Cropland Rangeland Builtup area
Source: Biomass Inventory Mapping and Analysis Tool (BIMAT), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
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E85 Fueling Stations
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U.S. E.U. Canada Renewable Fuel (Ethanol) Blend 10 – 15% v/v max 10% v/v max 5% v/v minimum by 2010 Flex Fuel Vehicle: Ethanol Blend with Gasoline Up to 85% Up to 85% Up to 85% Cellulosic Ethanol GHG Emission Reduction Target 60% minimum 50% minimum by 2017 60% minimum by 2018
Applicability to Canada
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