U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Program September 11, 2009
Major Biomass Pathways Million dry Feedstock Production Biomass Conversion End Uses and Logistics ton/yr Agricultural Residue Agricultural 428 Biofuels Processing Residues • Cellulosic ethanol • Green gasoline Energy Crops Processing Energy Crops • Green diesel 377 (Woody energy crops and perennial herbaceous crops) • Green jet fuel Biopower Forest Resources Processing Forest 368 Bioproducts (Includes existing and Resources repurposed pulp and paper Chemical and forest product mills) Intermediates: • Organic acids Industrial and • 1,4-diacids 58 Waste Processing • Glycerol Other Wastes • Sorbitol • Xylitol Existing Corn Wet Mills 87 Corn and Grains (Top Value Added Existing Corn Dry Mills Chemicals From Biomass, PNNL, NREL, DOE-OBP Analytical Oilseeds and Existing Oil Seed Mills 48 Study, 2004 ) Plants Yield assumptions: 1366 Corn: 207 bushels/acre by 2043, Energy crops: 8 dry tons/yr by 2030 Fuel Yield Assumption: 1.366 billion dry tons biomass at 100 gallons/ton = 136.6 billions gallons/year
Biomass Program Objectives and Goals Help create an environment conducive Make biofuels cost competitive with to maximizing production and use of petroleum based on a modeled cost for biofuels, 21 billion gallons of advanced mature technology at the refinery gate biofuels per year by 2022 (EISA) Forecast to be $2.60/gal gasoline equivalent by 2017 (14 billion gge) Demonstration & Deployment Research & Development Integrated Conversion Technologies Feedstock Systems Infrastructure Biorefineries – Testing of Biochemical – Sustainable regional – Validate integrated – Cost of converting E15 & E20 biomass resources: feedstocks to ethanol: process technologies and develop 130 million dry $1.40/gal gasoline biofuels • 4 commercial scale tons/yr equivalent (gge) by 2012 distribution • 8 demonstration by 2012 Thermochemical scale infrastructure – Cost of converting woody – Improved logistics • Up to 20 pilot or feedstocks to ethanol: systems: $50/dry ton demonstration scale $1.30 gge by 2012 herbaceous by 2012 • In total – over $1.1 – Cost of converting woody Billion DOE feedstock to hydrocarbon investment fuels: $1.50 gge by 2017 Increase understanding of and impacts on: Sustainability • GHG emissions • Land use • Predictive Modeling & Analysis • Water quality • Socioeconomics • International
Deployment Barriers and Solutions Private Cost-Share: OBP Cost-Share: Project Timeline: Development Stages: Loan Guarantees Unexpected Cost: Risk Mitigation: Attainment of performance criteria Development Costs Private Sector Investment Delays in attainment of Mechanical completion (Balance Sheet, Venture, and/or Institutional) performance criteria Spurred by Risk Mitigation through Validation Commissioning Technology Validation at pilot (1 tpd) and demo (50- 70 tpd) scales R&D Platforms First Commercial Plant Procurement Technology Proof of Permitting & Basic Commercially Construction Operation Operation R&D Development Concept Engineering Viable Demo 100% / 0% 80% / 20% 50% / 50% <50% / >50% Loan Guarantee Program/Risk Mitigation Pool
Biorefinery Projects funded by the Office of the Biomass Program Key Company Process RSE Flambeau River Feedstock Biochemical Thermochemical (Location) NewPage Pulp extract Wood Chips Pacific Ethanol Biochemical Thermochemical (Old Town, ME) (Park Falls, WI) Wheat Straw/Corn Stover Wood Chips (Boardman, OR) (Wisconsin Rapids, WI) Mascoma Biochemical Wood (Kinross, MI) Poet Biochemical Corn Stover Lignol (Emmetsburg, IA) Biochemical Wood Residues (CO) Alltech Abengoa Biochemical Biochemical/ Corn Cob Thermo (KY) Ag Waste, Switchgrass (Hugoton, KS) Blue Fire Range Fuels Biochemical Thermochemical Municipal Solid Waste Wood Chips (Fulton, MS) (Soperton, GA) Verenium Biochemical Bagasse, Energy Cane (Jennings, LA) Four Commercial-Scale Biorefinergy Projects: up to $372 million (includes ARRA) Eight Small-Scale 10% of Commercial Scale Biorefinery Projects: up to $275 million Up to 10-20 more pilot and or demonstration scale projects out of $480 ARRA solicitation
Methodology Topic Selection, Project & Program Review Processes Biomass Technical Advisory Committee Annual Reports (2002 – 2008) Vision for Bioenergy and Biobased Products in the U.S. (2002, 2006) Roadmap for Bioenergy and Biobased Products in the U.S. (2002, 2007) Planning Breaking the Biological Barriers (2005) Breaking the Thermochemical Barriers (2007) National Algal Biofuels Roadmap (TBD – 2009) Request for Information (Feedstock Logistics 2008) Competitive Solicitation � USDA-DOE Joint Solicitation (2002 – 2009) � Commercial-Scale Biorefineries (2007) ($372M) � Demonstration-Scale Biorefineries (2008) ($275M) Program � Enzyme Cost Reduction (2008) ($34M) � Ethanologen Cost Reduction (2007) ($23M) Implementation � Syngas Clean Up (2008) ($7M) � Universities (2008) ($4M) � Pyrolysis (2009) ($9M) � Feedstock Logistics (2009) ($21M) Labs � Core Research � Technology Validations Stage Gate Reviews External Biennial Peer Review (2009)* Steering Committee Budget Neal Gutterson Mendel Technologies Program Formulation Jay Keller Sandia National Labs, SC Chair Analysis and Roger Prince ExxonMobil Evaluation Liz Marshall World Resources Institute Feedback Loop John May Stern Brothers (Financial) Terri Jaffoni Cargill (Retired) Susan Schoenung Bechtel R&D (Retired), SC Co-Chair *8 Academics participate as reviewers
Biomass Program Budget Fiscal Years 2005 to 2010 $300 $800 $292.2M M illio n s Earmarks M illions Earmarks $275.8M Cellulosic Ethanol Reverse Auction $700 Cellulosic Ethanol Reverse Auction Directed $250 Large Scale Biopower Discretionary Large Scale Biopower $231.8M $600 $230.2M Analysis and Sustainability Analysis and Sustainability $78.0M $214.2M Integration of Biorefinery $500 $200 $194.6M Integration of Biorefinery Technologies $1.8M $85.1M $192.8M Technologies Products Development $190.7M $400 Products Development Biochemical Platform R&D Biochemical R&D $150 $300 Thermochemical Platform R&D Thermochemical R&D Feedstock Infrastructure $200 Feedstock Infrastructure $100 ‡ $89.9M $89.9M $100 $80.6M $0 $50 $35.3M $46.8M FY10 ARRA $45.3M $43.1M $0 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10* FY11* † Figures are adjusted for SBIR, STTR, and rescission (if applicable) ‡ Note, Biofuels Infrastructure project funding ($19.8M) was appropriated through Integration of Biorefinery Technologies B&R Code *Requested; earmarks yet to be determined and rescission unknown
Collaborations Program Partners and Key Stakeholder Relationships Biomass Program Partners Organization Chart Biomass Program Funding Project Performers FY2009: $217 Million • National Laboratories • Industry & Academic Project Partners DOE Internal Collaboration • Other EERE Program Offices National Labs Industry • Office of Science 27% 60% • Office of Fossil Energy • NREL • Office of the Chief Financial Officer • INL • Loan Guarantee Office • ORNL • ANL Federal Collaboration • PNNL Biomass R&D Board: DOE, USDA, EPA, • SNL OFEE, NSF, DOI, OSTP, DOT, DOC, DOD, Treasury Interagency Working Groups: • Feedstock Production Systems • Feedstock Logistics Integration, • Conversion Analysis & • Infrastructure Evaluation • Sustainability 11% • Environmental, Safety, and Health Non-Federal Collaboration University • Biomass R&D Technical Advisory 2% Committee • Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnerships • International Energy Agency • State, Local, and International Governments • Trade Associations, Nongovernmental Organizations
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