Risk assessment Risk assessment of biomass systems of biomass - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ecological impacts of large scale biomass production systems and Ecological impacts of large scale biomass production systems and securing sustainability of biomass production. securing sustainability of biomass production. Risk assessment Risk assessment of biomass systems of biomass systems Marie Holmlund ( Marie Holmlund (marie.holmlund@ unep.fr marie.holmlund@ unep.fr) ) United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE), Energy Branch, Paris anch, Paris Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE), Energy Br IEA Bioenergy - - Sustainable biomass production for the world market, Sao Paulo, Sustainable biomass production for the world market, Sao Paulo, 30 November 2005 30 November 2005 IEA Bioenergy

Promoting Renewable Energy Promoting Renewable Energy 1) Getting the policies right 1) Getting the policies right • CD4CDM (www.cd4cdm.org) CD4CDM (www.cd4cdm.org) • • Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Global Network on Energy for Sustainable • Development, GNESD Development, GNESD (www.gnesd.org www.gnesd.org) ) ( Marie Holmlund, UNEP page 2 (14) Marie Holmlund, UNEP page 2 (14)

Promoting Renewable Energy Promoting Renewable Energy Mobilising Investment 2) Mobilising Investment 2) • Biofuel Biofuel Oil Promotion and Credit Facility Oil Promotion and Credit Facility • • Sustainable Energy Finance Initiative, SEFI Sustainable Energy Finance Initiative, SEFI • (www.sefi.unep.org www.sefi.unep.org) ) ( • Rural Energy Enterprise Rural Energy Enterprise • Development, REED Development, REED (www.areed.org www.areed.org, , ( www.b- -reed.o reed.org rg, , www.b www.c- -reed.org reed.org) ) www.c Marie Holmlund UNEP page 3 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 3 (14)

Partnerships Partnerships At the Environmental Forum in Magdeburg, Germany, At the Environmental Forum in Magdeburg, Germany, DaimlerChrysler and UNEP agreed to: DaimlerChrysler and UNEP agreed to: � Promote the establishment of standards for Promote the establishment of standards for biofuel biofuel � blends and their promotion through appropriate blends and their promotion through appropriate incentives incentives � Explore the development of a Explore the development of a “ “sustainability seal sustainability seal” ” or or � criteria for the cultivation of biomass for biofuels biofuels criteria for the cultivation of biomass for Marie Holmlund UNEP page 4 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 4 (14)

UNEP’ ’s strengths s strengths UNEP in the bioenergy sector in the bioenergy sector � Environmental sustainability Environmental sustainability � � Developing countries Developing countries’ ’ possibilities possibilities � � Financing tools Financing tools � � Global perspective Global perspective � Marie Holmlund UNEP page 5 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 5 (14)

Production potential in Production potential in developing countries developing countries � Good conditions regarding soil, climate Good conditions regarding soil, climate � � CDM possibilities CDM possibilities � � Large job creation potential Large job creation potential � � Effective utilization of wasteland areas Effective utilization of wasteland areas � � Increase the tree cover and help control Increase the tree cover and help control � soil erosion soil erosion Marie Holmlund UNEP page 6 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 6 (14)

Possible risks involved in Possible risks involved in large scale bioenergy production large scale bioenergy production � Soil degradation and water scarcity Soil degradation and water scarcity � � Threat to biodiversity Threat to biodiversity � � Threat that the needs of local populations Threat that the needs of local populations � will be put aside will be put aside � Child/underpaid labour Child/underpaid labour � � Increased food prices Increased food prices � Marie Holmlund UNEP page 7 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 7 (14)

The Environmental Due Diligence – – The Environmental Due Diligence Risk assessment of biomass system Risk assessment of biomass system based on energy crops based on energy crops a) Assessing the b) Determining environmental mitigation and social risks measures to and opportunities address the risks c) Determining the costs d) Reporting of managing the risks Marie Holmlund UNEP page 8 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 8 (14)

The Environmental Due Diligence – – The Environmental Due Diligence Risk assessment of biomass system Risk assessment of biomass system based on energy crops based on energy crops 1. Effluent emissions, on Effluent emissions, on- -site contamination site contamination 1. and hazardous materials issues and hazardous materials issues � Use of pesticides Use of pesticides � � Use of chemical fertilisers Use of chemical fertilisers � � Brownfield location Brownfield location � � Emissions of Emissions of NO NO x , SO 2 , CO, particulates, VOC, GHG x , SO 2 , CO, particulates, VOC, GHG � � Solid waste Solid waste � Marie Holmlund UNEP page 9 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 9 (14)

The Environmental Due Diligence – – The Environmental Due Diligence Risk assessment of biomass system Risk assessment of biomass system based on energy crops based on energy crops 2. Biodiversity protection issues 2. Biodiversity protection issues introduction of non- -native species native species introduction of non � � use of GMOs GMOs use of � � Marie Holmlund UNEP page 10 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 10 (14)

The Environmental Due Diligence – – The Environmental Due Diligence Risk assessment of biomass system Risk assessment of biomass system based on energy crops based on energy crops 3. Workers health and safety issues 3. Workers health and safety issues � Pesticide application Pesticide application � � Risk of accidents from crop cultivation and Risk of accidents from crop cultivation and � harvesting (poisoning, fires etc) harvesting (poisoning, fires etc) � Risk of accidents from generation activities Risk of accidents from generation activities � Marie Holmlund UNEP page 11 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 11 (14)

The Environmental Due Diligence – – The Environmental Due Diligence Risk assessment of biomass system Risk assessment of biomass system based on energy crops based on energy crops 4. Environmental issues sensitive 4. Environmental issues sensitive to public opinion to public opinion � significant land use significant land use � www.sefi.unep.org www.sefi.unep.org � soil erosion or compaction soil erosion or compaction � � water depletion water depletion � � loss of biodiversity loss of biodiversity � � visual impact visual impact � � noise from generation activities noise from generation activities � Marie Holmlund UNEP page 12 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 12 (14)

Final remarks Final remarks Need for: Need for: � Assured sustainable large scale production Assured sustainable large scale production � � The right policies and regulations The right policies and regulations � � Infrastructure in place Infrastructure in place � � Knowledge transfer including a Knowledge transfer including a learning learning � network among developing countries network among developing countries � Environmental Environmental ‘ ‘foresight foresight’ ’ � Marie Holmlund UNEP page 13 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 13 (14)

Not a local issue Not a local issue This little planet = our home This little planet = our home Marie Holmlund UNEP page 14 (14) Marie Holmlund UNEP page 14 (14)