Overview Location- Indian sub continent Land Area - 65 610 km2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mar 18, 2023 184 likes •441 views

Regional Capacity- Building workshop For Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration to Support Achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets Country profile of Sri Lanka and present status of NBSAPs Hasula Wickramasinghe & C S Kariyawasam

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Regional Capacity- Building workshop For Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration to Support Achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets

Country profile of Sri Lanka and present status of NBSAPs

Hasula Wickramasinghe & C S Kariyawasam

Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy, Sri Lanka

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Overview

Location- Indian sub continent Land Area - 65 610 km2 Population – 20 M Distinct climatic zones –wet intermediate & dry

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Main Ecosystem Types

Forests (rain forests, montane cloud forests, dry

zone monsoon forests, arid thorn scrub forests)

Wetlands (103 major rivers, 12000 irrigation

tanks)

Coastal and marine (coral reefs, mangroves,

sea grass beds, salt marsh vegetation, sand dunes, beaches)

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River basins River system

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Protected Area System of Sri Lanka

Strict Nature Reserves (SNR) -03 National Parks (NP) - 21 Nature reserves - 05 Sanctuaries - 63 Buffer zone - 00 Refuge - 00 Marine Reserves – 02 World/National heritage wilderness areas – 03 Conservation Forests - 55 Forest reserves – 360 Other state forests-N/A International Biosphere Reserves (MAB) - 04 National Biosphere reserves – 31

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Forest PAs (16.1%) Wildlife PAs (12.4%)

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Horton Plains Minneriya Yala Maduru Oya Kumana Bundala Wilpattu

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IBAs

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Sri Lanka - Biodiversity Hotspot

Sri Lanka has a very high endemism per unit area. Region including Western Ghats and Sri Lanka is considered as one of 34 biodiversity ‘hot spots’ identified in the world (Mittermeier et.al., 2005)

Sri Lanka is recognized as one of the Biological Hotspots in the world together with the Western Ghats of India

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Number of species discovered within a decade

Taxonomic group 1993 2012 Freshwater shrimps 21 23 Freshwater crabs 7 51 Freshwater fish 51 91 Amphibians 39 111 Reptiles 155 211 Mammals 90 125

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National Redlist 2012-Fauna

Taxon group Total species Total Threatened Spiders 501(257) 62(24) Freshwater crabs 51(50) 46(45) Dragonflies 118 (47) 61(40) Ants 194 (33) 59(8) Bees 130 106 Butterflies 245 (26) 99 (22) Landsnails 253 (205) 179 (162) Freshwater fish 91 (50) 45 (39) Amphibians 111(95) 73 (71) Reptiles 211 (124) 107 (87) Birds 240 (27) 67 (18) Mammals 95 (21) 53 (18)

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Panthera pardus kotiya- endemic sub species

Photo – Mendis Wickramasinghe

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Troides darsius - Sri Lanka Birdwing (National butterfly)

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National Redlist 2012-Flora

Total No Endemics

Angiosperms 3154 894 Gymnosperms 2 Pteridophytes 336 49

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Endemic Orchids

Photos – Suranjan Fernando

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Salient Features of Biodiversity Resources in Sri Lanka

High taxic diversity
Diverse ecosystems
Unique endemism
Rich traditional knowledge, cultural heritage and customs

related to Agro biodiversity

Genetic resources
Historic and pre historic biodiversity (Palaeobiodiversity)
Internationally important ecosystems
Committed conservation sentiments nurtured in Buddhism
Promising ecotourism destination
Eco-laboratory for biodiversity research

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Habitat loss and fragmentation (Land Use

Changes/Habitat degradation

Over exploitation of biological resources

(Loss of traditional crops, CWRs, livestock varieties/breeds and knowledge base)

Spread of alien invasive species
Climate Change
Environmental Pollution

Threats to Sri Lanka’s biodiversity

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The Road Map to NBSAP

Presents the country’s economic policy strategies and actions for next six years

POLICY

Sri Lanka Green Strategy 10 Thematic Missions Mainstreaming Arm NBSAPs ACTIONS

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Previous NBSAPs Programmes & Actions Screening

NBSAP Updating Process

National Target Setting and indicators development Implementation 2014 - 2020

2020 Aichi Targets CBD Guiding Principles CBD Strategic Plan NBSAP Guidance Regional WS Recommendations National Policies Progress monitoring

Proposed new programmes & activities for 2020

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50 100 150 200 250 300 350 1950 1956 1983 1992 1999

population density person/sq km

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 1950 1956 1983 1992 1999

Dense Natural Forest …

22%

70%

Over 90 % forests are covered by the PA system

Average annual deforestation rate of 1.14 percent . Between 2000 and 2005 this accelerated to 1.43% per annum.

In 1990 Logging Ban In Natural Forest

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Close Canopy Forest Sector Wildlife Sector

Initial declaration of most

f the protected areas in Sri

Lanka was not targeted for BD conservation >50% Biodiversity is

utside the protected

areas!!!

Lessons Learnt

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>50% the total population

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Requirements for National BD Strategies & Action Plans

Focus on achieving 2011-2020 Strategic Plan and Aichi BD

Targets

Adequate baseline information/data for review and

assessments

Integrate BD targets into relevant sectoral and cross

sectoral strategies and plans

Identify economic benefits of ecosystem services
Identify proper indicators for monitoring & measuring
Create effective awareness among stakeholders

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Thank You!

Photo – Ranil Nanayakkara