Ornithopoda The duck-billed dinosaurs Evolution Space and Time - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ornithopoda The duck-billed dinosaurs Evolution Space and Time - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 10, 2023 178 likes •654 views

Ornithopoda The duck-billed dinosaurs Evolution Space and Time Basal Ornithopods Diet Brains Movement Behavior Genosauria Cerapoda Marginocephalia Pachycephalosauria Ceatopsia Ornithopoda: bird feet Iguanodon

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Ornithopoda The ‘duck-billed’ dinosaurs

Evolution Space and Time Basal Ornithopods Diet Brains Movement Behavior

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Genosauria Cerapoda Marginocephalia Pachycephalosauria Ceatopsia Ornithopoda: ‘bird feet’

Edmontosaurus

Primitive Characteristics: basal Ornithopods are ‘typical’ Ornithischians

Opisthopubic condition No fenestra in mandible

Iguanodon

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Derived Characteristics:

Ventrally offset premaxillae Very low jaw joint

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Early Ornithopods & Euornithopods Small, bipedal Heterodontosaurids may have been basal Ornithopods (or basal Ornithischians, depending on who you ask)

Small, bipedal Derived: Larger, mainly quadrupedal Euornithopoda

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A quick revisit of Heterodontosaurids

(also covered during the introduction of Ornithischian dinos)

Heterodontosaurids: Not Primitive... unique chewing. Three kinds of teeth Anterior: Snipping/Cropping Posterior: Chewing Tusks/Caniforms: Potentially display/courtship

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Heterodontosaurids: Kinetic LOWER JAW Efficient mastication Bipedal Short forelimbs Increased number of teeth Long tail Short femur Long tibia/fibula Likely fast, agile

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vs. Heterodontosaurus: Short femur; Long tibia/fibula = fast Scelidosaurus (basal Thyreophoran): Long femur; Short tibia/fibula = slow

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We will explore this concept more with Theropod dinosaurs

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Heterodontosaurid time range Basal euornithopod time range

Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous

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Iguanodontia: the most diverse clade Toothless premaxilla Smooth, rounded predentary Generally larger Derived forms (Ankylopollexia): Expanded dental batteries & spiked thumb Tenontosaurus

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broad predentary many teeth in dental battery

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Thumb spike Reduced digit 4

Defense? Competition? Dietary needs?

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Thumb spike placement

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Facultative quadrupeds

Big, with appropriate modifications. Iguanodon

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Obligate Bipedal Facultative Bipedal

Tenontosaurus

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Scales: Ornithopods, great and small

Camptosaurus Iguanodon Shantungosaurus Dryosaurus (small) Corythosaurus Heterodontosaurus (sm) Tenontosaurus

Dryosaurus: one of the smallest; 2.4 - 4.3 m long; 200 lbs Shantungosaurus: one of the largest; skull 1.6 m (5 ft); length: 15 m (50 ft); 16 tonnes = 35,274 lbs

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Hadrosaurid time range Non-hadrosaurid iguanodontian time range

Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous

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Hadrosaurids Well developed dental battery Modifications to skull and mandible to enhance chewing efficiency

3+ teeth per position (up to 1200 in mouth) Very big, 7-17 m Thick, bumpy skin Large sacrum Large coronoid process No thumb, mitten- like hand ~ support weight

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Hadrosaur front foot Anatotitan

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Meet the Hadrosaurines (wide snouts)

Anatosaurus

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Meet the Lambeosaurines

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Parasaurolophus

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Parasaurolophus Corythosaurus Lambeosaurus

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Hadrosaur skin

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Scales: the largest Hadrosaurids

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Lambeosaurus

Major Evolutionary Trends

  • 1. Efficient, robust dental battery
  • 2. Larger body size

Bipedality => Facultative Quadrupedality => Facultative Bipedality

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Lycorhinus (Heterodontosaurid) Hypsilophodon Iguanodon Lambeosaurus

TRENDS

  • 1. Efficient, robust dental battery
  • 2. Larger body size

Gastroliths Large, robust coronoid process Deep, inset tooth row

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Brachylophosaurus

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A new type of chewing (Euornithopoda) Pleurokinesis Lateral mobility of UPPER jaws

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Sr5is7-wdk

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So what did they eat? Twigs, fruits, berries Ground cover Lower level foliage from conifers Newly evolving Angiosperms Limited to 1-2 meters off the ground; larger animals, up to 4 meters (13 ft)

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Hadrosaur Basal Ornithopod Closely related non-Hadrosaur Iguanodontians